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Fonts in X11R6.8.1
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Fonts in X11R6.8.2
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Juliusz Chroboczek, <jch@pps.jussieu.fr>
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1. Introduction
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This document describes the support for fonts in X11R6.8.1. Installing fonts
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This document describes the support for fonts in X11R6.8.2. Installing fonts
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(section 2., page 1) is aimed at the casual user wishing to install fonts in
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X11R6.8.1 the rest of the document describes the font support in more detail.
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X11R6.8.2 the rest of the document describes the font support in more detail.
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We assume some familiarity with digital fonts. If anything is not clear to
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you, please consult Appendix: Background (section 5., page 1) at the end of
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@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ this document for background information.
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X includes two font systems: the original core X11 fonts system, which is
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present in all implementations of X11, and the Xft fonts system, which may
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not be distributed with implementations of X11 that are not based on
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X11R6.8.1 but will hopefully be included by them in the future
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X11R6.8.2 but will hopefully be included by them in the future
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The core X11 fonts system is directly derived from the fonts system included
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with X11R1 in 1987, which could only use monochrome bitmap fonts. Over the
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@ -48,13 +48,13 @@ access newly-installed fonts.
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Xft has no configuration mechanism itself, rather it relies upon the fontcon-
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fig library to configure and customize fonts. That library is not specific
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to X11R6.8.1 or indeed on any particular font output mechanism. This discus-
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to X11R6.8.2 or indeed on any particular font output mechanism. This discus-
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sion describes how fontconfig, rather than Xft, works.
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2.1.1 Installing fonts in Xft
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Fontconfig looks for fonts in a set of well-known directories that include
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all of X11R6.8.1's standard font directories
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all of X11R6.8.2's standard font directories
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(`/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/lib/fonts/*') by default) as well as a directory called
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`.fonts/' in the user's home directory. Installing a font for use by Xft
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applications is as simple as copying a font file into one of these directo-
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@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ Anti-aliasing can be disabled for all fonts by the following incantation:
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</edit>
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</match>
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Xft supports sub-pixel rasterisation on LCD displays. X11R6.8.1 should auto-
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Xft supports sub-pixel rasterisation on LCD displays. X11R6.8.2 should auto-
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matically enable this feature on laptops and when using an LCD monitor con-
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nected with a DVI cable; you can check whether this was done by typing
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@ -186,8 +186,8 @@ of this new directory by including it in the font path.
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2.2.1 Installing bitmap fonts
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The X11R6.8.1 server can use bitmap fonts in both the cross-platform BDF for-
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mat and the somewhat more efficient binary PCF format. (X11R6.8.1 also sup-
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The X11R6.8.2 server can use bitmap fonts in both the cross-platform BDF for-
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mat and the somewhat more efficient binary PCF format. (X11R6.8.2 also sup-
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ports the obsolete SNF format.)
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Bitmap fonts are normally distributed in the BDF format. Before installing
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@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ directory; see Setting the server font path (section 2.2.4, page 1) below.
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2.2.2 Installing scalable fonts
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The X11R6.8.1 server supports scalable fonts in four formats: Type 1, Speedo,
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The X11R6.8.2 server supports scalable fonts in four formats: Type 1, Speedo,
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TrueType and CIDFont. This section only applies to the former three; for
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information on CIDFonts, please see Installing CIDFonts (section 2.2.3, page
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1) later in this document.
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Munhwa-Regular--UniKS-UCS2-H
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The CIDFont code in X11R6.8.1 requires a very rigid directory structure. The
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The CIDFont code in X11R6.8.2 requires a very rigid directory structure. The
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main directory must be called `CID' (its location defaults to
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`/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/CID' but it may be located anywhere), and it should
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contain a subdirectory for every CID collection. Every subdirectory must
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@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ For best results, scalable fonts should appear in the font path before the
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bitmap fonts; this way, the server will prefer bitmap fonts to scalable fonts
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when an exact match is possible, but will avoid scaling bitmap fonts when a
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scalable font can be used. (The `:unscaled' hack, while still supported,
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should no longer be necessary in X11R6.8.1.)
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should no longer be necessary in X11R6.8.2.)
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You may check the font path of the running server by typing the command
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@ -354,11 +354,11 @@ mounted font directories). If this doesn't help, it is quite possible that
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you are trying to use a font in a format that is not supported by your
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server.
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X11R6.8.1 supports the BDF, PCF, SNF, Type 1, Speedo, TrueType, OpenType and
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CIDFont font formats. However, not all X11R6.8.1 servers come with all the
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X11R6.8.2 supports the BDF, PCF, SNF, Type 1, Speedo, TrueType, OpenType and
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CIDFont font formats. However, not all X11R6.8.2 servers come with all the
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font backends configured in.
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On most platforms, the X11R6.8.1 servers are modular: the font backends are
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On most platforms, the X11R6.8.2 servers are modular: the font backends are
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included in modules that are loaded at runtime. The modules to be loaded are
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specified in the `xorg.conf' file using the `Load' directive:
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If you have trouble installing fonts in a specific format, you may want to
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check the server's log file in order to see whether the relevant modules are
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properly loaded. The list of font modules distributed with X11R6.8.1 is as
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properly loaded. The list of font modules distributed with X11R6.8.2 is as
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follows:
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o "bitmap": bitmap fonts (`*.bdf', `*.pcf' and `*.snf');
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Please note that the argument of the `Load' directive is case-sensitive.
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3. Fonts included with X11R6.8.1
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3. Fonts included with X11R6.8.2
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3.1 Standard bitmap fonts
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@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ fonts, including the `fixed' family, and bitmap versions of Courier, Times,
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Helvetica and some members of the Lucida family. In the SI, these fonts are
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provided in the ISO 8859-1 encoding (ISO Latin Western-European).
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In X11R6.8.1, a number of these fonts are provided in Unicode-encoded font
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In X11R6.8.2, a number of these fonts are provided in Unicode-encoded font
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files instead. At build time, these fonts are split into font files encoded
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according to legacy encodings, a process which allows us to provide the stan-
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dard fonts in a number of regional encodings with no duplication of work.
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3.3 Standard scalable fonts
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X11R6.8.1 includes all the scalable fonts distributed with X11R6.
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X11R6.8.2 includes all the scalable fonts distributed with X11R6.
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3.3.1 Standard Type 1 fonts
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/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/UT*.pfa
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Finally, X11R6.8.1 also comes with Type 1 versions of Bitstream Courier and
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Finally, X11R6.8.2 also comes with Type 1 versions of Bitstream Courier and
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Charter. These fonts have XLFD
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-bitstream-courier-*-*-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-iso8859-1
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3.3.2 Standard Speedo fonts
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X11R6.8.1 includes Speedo versions of the Bitstream Courier and Charter
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X11R6.8.2 includes Speedo versions of the Bitstream Courier and Charter
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fonts. In order to use these fonts, you should ensure that your X server is
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loading the `Speedo' font backend; see Troubleshooting (section 2.2.5, page
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1).
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3.4 The Bigelow & Holmes Luxi family
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X11R6.8.1 includes the Luxi family of scalable fonts, in both TrueType and
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X11R6.8.2 includes the Luxi family of scalable fonts, in both TrueType and
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Type 1 format. This family consists of the fonts Luxi Serif, with XLFD
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-b&h-luxi serif-medium-*-normal--*-*-*-*-p-*-*-*
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An earlier version of the Luxi fonts was made available under the name
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Lucidux. This name should no longer be used due to trademark uncertainties,
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and all traces of the Lucidux name have been removed from X11R6.8.1.
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and all traces of the Lucidux name have been removed from X11R6.8.2.
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4. More about core fonts
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This section describes X11R6.8.1-specific enhancements to the core X11 fonts
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This section describes X11R6.8.2-specific enhancements to the core X11 fonts
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system.
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4.1 Core fonts and internationalisation
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backends to share their encoding data, and allows simple configuration of new
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locales independently of font type.
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Please note: the X-TrueType (X-TT) backend is not included in X11R6.8.1.
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Please note: the X-TrueType (X-TT) backend is not included in X11R6.8.2.
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That functionality has been merged into the FreeType backend.>
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In the fontenc layer, an encoding is defined by a name (such as iso8859-1),
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used to automatically build `encodings.dir' files. Please see the mkfont-
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dir(1) manual page for more details.
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A number of encoding files for common encodings are included with X11R6.8.1.
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A number of encoding files for common encodings are included with X11R6.8.2.
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Information on writing new encoding files can be found in Format of encodings
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directory files (section 4.1.3, page 1) and Format of encoding files (section
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4.1.4, page 1) later in this document.
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bw=0.5:ds=y:ai=0.2:mincho.ttc -misc-mincho-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-jisx0201.1976-0
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setup the complete combination of jisx0208 and jisx0201 using mincho.ttc
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only. More information on the TTCap syntax is found on the After X-TT Pro-
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ject page <URL:http://x-tt.sourceforge.jp/>.
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only. More information on the TTCap syntax is found on the After X-TT
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Project page <URL:http://x-tt.sourceforge.jp/>.
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The FreeType backend uses the fontenc layer in order to support recoding of
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fonts; this was described in The fontenc layer (section 4.1.1, page 1) and
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Since the functionalities for CJKV support introduced by X-TT have been
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merged into the new FreeType backend, the X-TT backend will be removed from
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X11R6.8.1's tree near the future. Therefore, the use of FreeType backend is
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X11R6.8.2's tree near the future. Therefore, the use of FreeType backend is
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preferred over the X-TT backend.
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General information on X-TrueType may be found at the After X-TT Project page
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6. References
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X11R6.8.1 comes with extensive documentation in the form of manual pages and
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X11R6.8.2 comes with extensive documentation in the form of manual pages and
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typeset documents. Before installing fonts, you really should read the font-
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config(3) and mkfontdir(1) manual pages; other manual pages of interest
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include X(7), Xserver(1), xset(1), Xft(3), xlsfonts(1) and showfont(1). In
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addition, you may want to read the X Logical Font Description document, by
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Jim Flowers, which is provided in the file `xc/doc/xlfd.PS.Z'.
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The latest released version of the X11R6.8.1 documentation (including this
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document and all manual pages) can be found from current X11R6.8.1 documenta-
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The latest released version of the X11R6.8.2 documentation (including this
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document and all manual pages) can be found from current X11R6.8.2 documenta-
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tion <URL:http://wiki.x.org/>.
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The comp.fonts FAQ <URL:http://www.netmeg.net/faq/computers/fonts/>, which is
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