diff --git a/modules/packages/content_store.go b/modules/packages/content_store.go
index be416ac2693..13763db9864 100644
--- a/modules/packages/content_store.go
+++ b/modules/packages/content_store.go
@@ -32,6 +32,13 @@ func (s *ContentStore) Get(key BlobHash256Key) (storage.Object, error) {
 	return s.store.Open(KeyToRelativePath(key))
 }
 
+// FIXME: Workaround to be removed in v1.20
+// https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19586
+func (s *ContentStore) Has(key BlobHash256Key) error {
+	_, err := s.store.Stat(KeyToRelativePath(key))
+	return err
+}
+
 // Save stores a package blob
 func (s *ContentStore) Save(key BlobHash256Key, r io.Reader, size int64) error {
 	_, err := s.store.Save(KeyToRelativePath(key), r, size)
diff --git a/routers/api/packages/container/blob.go b/routers/api/packages/container/blob.go
index df6b7aed92d..06b450de02d 100644
--- a/routers/api/packages/container/blob.go
+++ b/routers/api/packages/container/blob.go
@@ -7,8 +7,11 @@ package container
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	packages_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/packages"
@@ -16,9 +19,12 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
 	packages_module "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/packages"
 	container_module "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/packages/container"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 	packages_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/packages"
 )
 
+var uploadVersionMutex sync.Mutex
+
 // saveAsPackageBlob creates a package blob from an upload
 // The uploaded blob gets stored in a special upload version to link them to the package/image
 func saveAsPackageBlob(hsr packages_module.HashedSizeReader, pi *packages_service.PackageInfo) (*packages_model.PackageBlob, error) {
@@ -28,6 +34,11 @@ func saveAsPackageBlob(hsr packages_module.HashedSizeReader, pi *packages_servic
 
 	contentStore := packages_module.NewContentStore()
 
+	var uploadVersion *packages_model.PackageVersion
+
+	// FIXME: Replace usage of mutex with database transaction
+	// https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/21862
+	uploadVersionMutex.Lock()
 	err := db.WithTx(db.DefaultContext, func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		created := true
 		p := &packages_model.Package{
@@ -68,11 +79,30 @@ func saveAsPackageBlob(hsr packages_module.HashedSizeReader, pi *packages_servic
 			}
 		}
 
+		uploadVersion = pv
+
+		return nil
+	})
+	uploadVersionMutex.Unlock()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	err = db.WithTx(db.DefaultContext, func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		pb, exists, err = packages_model.GetOrInsertBlob(ctx, pb)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error("Error inserting package blob: %v", err)
 			return err
 		}
+		// FIXME: Workaround to be removed in v1.20
+		// https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19586
+		if exists {
+			err = contentStore.Has(packages_module.BlobHash256Key(pb.HashSHA256))
+			if err != nil && (errors.Is(err, util.ErrNotExist) || errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist)) {
+				log.Debug("Package registry inconsistent: blob %s does not exist on file system", pb.HashSHA256)
+				exists = false
+			}
+		}
 		if !exists {
 			if err := contentStore.Save(packages_module.BlobHash256Key(pb.HashSHA256), hsr, hsr.Size()); err != nil {
 				log.Error("Error saving package blob in content store: %v", err)
@@ -83,7 +113,7 @@ func saveAsPackageBlob(hsr packages_module.HashedSizeReader, pi *packages_servic
 		filename := strings.ToLower(fmt.Sprintf("sha256_%s", pb.HashSHA256))
 
 		pf := &packages_model.PackageFile{
-			VersionID:    pv.ID,
+			VersionID:    uploadVersion.ID,
 			BlobID:       pb.ID,
 			Name:         filename,
 			LowerName:    filename,
diff --git a/routers/api/packages/container/container.go b/routers/api/packages/container/container.go
index 5bc64e1b29f..7af06a9171c 100644
--- a/routers/api/packages/container/container.go
+++ b/routers/api/packages/container/container.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
+	"os"
 	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	container_module "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/packages/container"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/packages/container/oci"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/api/packages/helper"
 	packages_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/packages"
 	container_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/packages/container"
@@ -193,7 +195,7 @@ func InitiateUploadBlob(ctx *context.Context) {
 	mount := ctx.FormTrim("mount")
 	from := ctx.FormTrim("from")
 	if mount != "" {
-		blob, _ := container_model.GetContainerBlob(ctx, &container_model.BlobSearchOptions{
+		blob, _ := workaroundGetContainerBlob(ctx, &container_model.BlobSearchOptions{
 			Image:  from,
 			Digest: mount,
 		})
@@ -406,7 +408,7 @@ func getBlobFromContext(ctx *context.Context) (*packages_model.PackageFileDescri
 		return nil, container_model.ErrContainerBlobNotExist
 	}
 
-	return container_model.GetContainerBlob(ctx, &container_model.BlobSearchOptions{
+	return workaroundGetContainerBlob(ctx, &container_model.BlobSearchOptions{
 		OwnerID: ctx.Package.Owner.ID,
 		Image:   ctx.Params("image"),
 		Digest:  digest,
@@ -548,7 +550,7 @@ func getManifestFromContext(ctx *context.Context) (*packages_model.PackageFileDe
 		return nil, container_model.ErrContainerBlobNotExist
 	}
 
-	return container_model.GetContainerBlob(ctx, opts)
+	return workaroundGetContainerBlob(ctx, opts)
 }
 
 // https://github.com/opencontainers/distribution-spec/blob/main/spec.md#checking-if-content-exists-in-the-registry
@@ -688,3 +690,23 @@ func GetTagList(ctx *context.Context) {
 		Tags: tags,
 	})
 }
+
+// FIXME: Workaround to be removed in v1.20
+// https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19586
+func workaroundGetContainerBlob(ctx *context.Context, opts *container_model.BlobSearchOptions) (*packages_model.PackageFileDescriptor, error) {
+	blob, err := container_model.GetContainerBlob(ctx, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	err = packages_module.NewContentStore().Has(packages_module.BlobHash256Key(blob.Blob.HashSHA256))
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, util.ErrNotExist) || errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			log.Debug("Package registry inconsistent: blob %s does not exist on file system", blob.Blob.HashSHA256)
+			return nil, container_model.ErrContainerBlobNotExist
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return blob, nil
+}
diff --git a/routers/api/packages/container/manifest.go b/routers/api/packages/container/manifest.go
index a48b1de3b28..64c958c2d06 100644
--- a/routers/api/packages/container/manifest.go
+++ b/routers/api/packages/container/manifest.go
@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ package container
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"os"
 	"strings"
 
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
@@ -19,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	packages_module "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/packages"
 	container_module "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/packages/container"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/packages/container/oci"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 	packages_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/packages"
 )
 
@@ -403,6 +406,15 @@ func createManifestBlob(ctx context.Context, mci *manifestCreationInfo, pv *pack
 		log.Error("Error inserting package blob: %v", err)
 		return nil, false, "", err
 	}
+	// FIXME: Workaround to be removed in v1.20
+	// https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19586
+	if exists {
+		err = packages_module.NewContentStore().Has(packages_module.BlobHash256Key(pb.HashSHA256))
+		if err != nil && (errors.Is(err, util.ErrNotExist) || errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist)) {
+			log.Debug("Package registry inconsistent: blob %s does not exist on file system", pb.HashSHA256)
+			exists = false
+		}
+	}
 	if !exists {
 		contentStore := packages_module.NewContentStore()
 		if err := contentStore.Save(packages_module.BlobHash256Key(pb.HashSHA256), buf, buf.Size()); err != nil {
diff --git a/tests/integration/api_packages_container_test.go b/tests/integration/api_packages_container_test.go
index ba76ee4baa7..60cbecd0675 100644
--- a/tests/integration/api_packages_container_test.go
+++ b/tests/integration/api_packages_container_test.go
@@ -6,10 +6,12 @@ package integration
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"crypto/sha256"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
@@ -594,6 +596,32 @@ func TestPackageContainer(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 
+	// https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/19586
+	t.Run("ParallelUpload", func(t *testing.T) {
+		defer tests.PrintCurrentTest(t)()
+
+		url := fmt.Sprintf("%sv2/%s/parallel", setting.AppURL, user.Name)
+
+		var wg sync.WaitGroup
+		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			wg.Add(1)
+
+			content := []byte{byte(i)}
+			digest := fmt.Sprintf("sha256:%x", sha256.Sum256(content))
+
+			go func() {
+				defer wg.Done()
+
+				req := NewRequestWithBody(t, "POST", fmt.Sprintf("%s/blobs/uploads?digest=%s", url, digest), bytes.NewReader(content))
+				addTokenAuthHeader(req, userToken)
+				resp := MakeRequest(t, req, http.StatusCreated)
+
+				assert.Equal(t, digest, resp.Header().Get("Docker-Content-Digest"))
+			}()
+		}
+		wg.Wait()
+	})
+
 	t.Run("OwnerNameChange", func(t *testing.T) {
 		defer tests.PrintCurrentTest(t)()