654 lines
22 KiB
C
654 lines
22 KiB
C
/*++
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Copyright (c) 1989 Microsoft Corporation
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Module Name:
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readwrt.c
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Abstract:
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This module contains the routines which implement the capability
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to read and write the virtual memory of a target process.
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Author:
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Lou Perazzoli (loup) 22-May-1989
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Landy Wang (landyw) 02-June-1997
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--*/
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#include "mi.h"
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// The maximum amount to try to Probe and Lock is 14 pages, this way it always fits in a 16 page allocation.
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#define MAX_LOCK_SIZE ((ULONG)(14 * PAGE_SIZE))
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#define MAX_MOVE_SIZE (LONG)0x10000// The maximum to move in a single block is 64k bytes.
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#define MINIMUM_ALLOCATION (LONG)128// The minimum to move is a single block is 128 bytes.
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#define POOL_MOVE_THRESHOLD 511// Define the pool move threshold value.
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// Define forward referenced procedure prototypes.
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NTSTATUS MiValidateUserTransfer(IN PVOID BaseAddress, IN PVOID Buffer, IN ULONG BufferSize);
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ULONG MiGetExceptionInfo(IN PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ExceptionPointers, IN PULONG_PTR BadVa1, IN PULONG_PTR BadVa2);
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NTSTATUS MiDoMappedCopy(IN PEPROCESS FromProcess,
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IN PVOID FromAddress,
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IN PEPROCESS ToProcess,
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OUT PVOID ToAddress,
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IN ULONG BufferSize,
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IN KPROCESSOR_MODE PreviousMode,
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OUT PULONG NumberOfBytesRead);
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NTSTATUS MiDoPoolCopy(IN PEPROCESS FromProcess,
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IN PVOID FromAddress,
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IN PEPROCESS ToProcess,
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OUT PVOID ToAddress,
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IN ULONG BufferSize,
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IN KPROCESSOR_MODE PreviousMode,
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OUT PULONG NumberOfBytesRead);
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#ifdef ALLOC_PRAGMA
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#pragma alloc_text(PAGE,MiGetExceptionInfo)
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#pragma alloc_text(PAGE,NtReadVirtualMemory)
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#pragma alloc_text(PAGE,NtWriteVirtualMemory)
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#pragma alloc_text(PAGE,MiDoMappedCopy)
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#pragma alloc_text(PAGE,MiDoPoolCopy)
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#pragma alloc_text(PAGE,MiValidateUserTransfer)
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#endif
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#define COPY_STACK_SIZE 64
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NTSTATUS NtReadVirtualMemory(IN HANDLE ProcessHandle, IN PVOID BaseAddress, OUT PVOID Buffer, IN ULONG BufferSize, OUT PULONG NumberOfBytesRead OPTIONAL)
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/*++
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Routine Description:
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This function copies the specified address range from the specified process into the specified address range of the current process.
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Arguments:
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ProcessHandle - Supplies an open handle to a process object.
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BaseAddress - Supplies the base address in the specified process to be read.
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Buffer - Supplies the address of a buffer which receives the contents from the specified process address space.
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BufferSize - Supplies the requested number of bytes to read from the specified process.
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NumberOfBytesRead - Receives the actual number of bytes transferred into the specified buffer.
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Return Value:
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TBS
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--*/
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{
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ULONG BytesCopied;
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KPROCESSOR_MODE PreviousMode;
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PEPROCESS Process;
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NTSTATUS Status;
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PAGED_CODE();
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// Get the previous mode and probe output argument if necessary.
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PreviousMode = KeGetPreviousMode();
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if (PreviousMode != KernelMode) {
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Status = MiValidateUserTransfer(BaseAddress, Buffer, BufferSize);
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if (Status != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
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return Status;
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}
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if (ARGUMENT_PRESENT(NumberOfBytesRead)) {
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try {
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ProbeForWriteUlong(NumberOfBytesRead);
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} except(EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER)
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{
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return GetExceptionCode();
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}
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}
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}
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// If the buffer size is not zero, then attempt to read data from the specified process address space into the current process address space.
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BytesCopied = 0;
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Status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
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if (BufferSize != 0) {
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// Reference the target process.
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Status = ObReferenceObjectByHandle(ProcessHandle, PROCESS_VM_READ, PsProcessType, PreviousMode, (PVOID *)&Process, NULL);
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// If the process was successfully referenced, then attempt to read the specified memory either by direct mapping or copying through nonpaged pool.
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if (Status == STATUS_SUCCESS) {
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Status = MmCopyVirtualMemory(Process, BaseAddress, PsGetCurrentProcess(), Buffer, BufferSize, PreviousMode, &BytesCopied);
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ObDereferenceObject(Process);// Dereference the target process.
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}
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}
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// If requested, return the number of bytes read.
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if (ARGUMENT_PRESENT(NumberOfBytesRead)) {
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try {
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*NumberOfBytesRead = BytesCopied;
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} except(EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER)
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{
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NOTHING;
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}
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}
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return Status;
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}
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NTSTATUS NtWriteVirtualMemory(IN HANDLE ProcessHandle,
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OUT PVOID BaseAddress,
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IN PVOID Buffer,
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IN ULONG BufferSize,
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OUT PULONG NumberOfBytesWritten OPTIONAL
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)
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/*++
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Routine Description:
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This function copies the specified address range from the current
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process into the specified address range of the specified process.
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Arguments:
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ProcessHandle - Supplies an open handle to a process object.
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BaseAddress - Supplies the base address to be written to in the specified process.
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Buffer - Supplies the address of a buffer which contains the contents to be written into the specified process address space.
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BufferSize - Supplies the requested number of bytes to write into the specified process.
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NumberOfBytesWritten - Receives the actual number of bytes transferred into the specified address space.
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Return Value:
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TBS
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--*/
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{
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ULONG BytesCopied;
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KPROCESSOR_MODE PreviousMode;
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PEPROCESS Process;
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NTSTATUS Status;
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PAGED_CODE();
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// Get the previous mode and probe output argument if necessary.
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PreviousMode = KeGetPreviousMode();
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if (PreviousMode != KernelMode) {
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Status = MiValidateUserTransfer(BaseAddress, Buffer, BufferSize);
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if (Status != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
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return Status;
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}
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if (ARGUMENT_PRESENT(NumberOfBytesWritten)) {
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try {
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ProbeForWriteUlong(NumberOfBytesWritten);
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} except(EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER)
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{
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return GetExceptionCode();
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}
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}
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}
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// If the buffer size is not zero, then attempt to write data from the current process address space into the target process address space.
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BytesCopied = 0;
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Status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
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if (BufferSize != 0) {
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// Reference the target process.
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Status = ObReferenceObjectByHandle(ProcessHandle, PROCESS_VM_WRITE, PsProcessType, PreviousMode, (PVOID *)&Process, NULL);
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// If the process was successfully referenced, then attempt to write the specified memory either by direct mapping or copying through nonpaged pool.
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if (Status == STATUS_SUCCESS) {
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Status = MmCopyVirtualMemory(PsGetCurrentProcess(), Buffer, Process, BaseAddress, BufferSize, PreviousMode, &BytesCopied);
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ObDereferenceObject(Process);// Dereference the target process.
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}
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}
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// If requested, return the number of bytes read.
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if (ARGUMENT_PRESENT(NumberOfBytesWritten)) {
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try {
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*NumberOfBytesWritten = BytesCopied;
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} except(EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER)
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{
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NOTHING;
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}
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}
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return Status;
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}
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NTSTATUS
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MmCopyVirtualMemory(
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IN PEPROCESS FromProcess,
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IN PVOID FromAddress,
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IN PEPROCESS ToProcess,
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OUT PVOID ToAddress,
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IN ULONG BufferSize,
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IN KPROCESSOR_MODE PreviousMode,
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OUT PULONG NumberOfBytesCopied
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)
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{
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NTSTATUS Status;
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KIRQL OldIrql;
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PEPROCESS ProcessToLock;
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if (BufferSize == 0) {
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ASSERT(FALSE); // No one should call with a zero size.
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return STATUS_SUCCESS;
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}
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ProcessToLock = FromProcess;
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if (FromProcess == PsGetCurrentProcess()) {
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ProcessToLock = ToProcess;
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}
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// Make sure the process still has an address space.
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MiLockSystemSpace(OldIrql);
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if (ProcessToLock->AddressSpaceDeleted != 0) {
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MiUnlockSystemSpace(OldIrql);
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return STATUS_PROCESS_IS_TERMINATING;
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}
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ProcessToLock->VmOperation += 1;
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MiUnlockSystemSpace(OldIrql);
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// If the buffer size is greater than the pool move threshold, then attempt to write the memory via direct mapping.
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if (BufferSize > POOL_MOVE_THRESHOLD) {
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Status = MiDoMappedCopy(FromProcess, FromAddress, ToProcess, ToAddress, BufferSize, PreviousMode, NumberOfBytesCopied);
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// If the completion status is not a working quota problem,
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// then finish the service. Otherwise, attempt to write the memory through nonpaged pool.
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if (Status != STATUS_WORKING_SET_QUOTA) {
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goto CompleteService;
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}
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*NumberOfBytesCopied = 0;
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}
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// There was not enough working set quota to write the memory via
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// direct mapping or the size of the write was below the pool move
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// threshold. Attempt to write the specified memory through nonpaged pool.
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Status = MiDoPoolCopy(FromProcess, FromAddress, ToProcess, ToAddress, BufferSize, PreviousMode, NumberOfBytesCopied);
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// Dereference the target process.
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CompleteService:
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// Indicate that the vm operation is complete.
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MiLockSystemSpace(OldIrql);
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ProcessToLock->VmOperation -= 1;
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if ((ProcessToLock->VmOperation == 0) &&
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(ProcessToLock->VmOperationEvent != NULL)) {
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KeSetEvent(ProcessToLock->VmOperationEvent, 0, FALSE);
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}
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MiUnlockSystemSpace(OldIrql);
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return Status;
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}
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ULONG MiGetExceptionInfo(IN PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ExceptionPointers, IN PULONG_PTR BadVa1, IN PULONG_PTR BadVa2)
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/*++
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Routine Description:
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This routine examines a exception record and extracts the virtual
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address of an access violation, guard page violation, or in-page error.
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Arguments:
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ExceptionPointers - Supplies a pointer to the exception record.
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BadVa - Receives the virtual address which caused the access violation.
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Return Value:
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EXECUTE_EXCEPTION_HANDLER
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--*/
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{
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PEXCEPTION_RECORD ExceptionRecord;
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PAGED_CODE();
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// If the exception code is an access violation, guard page violation,
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// or an in-page read error, then return the faulting address. Otherwise.
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// return a special address value.
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*BadVa2 = 0;
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ExceptionRecord = ExceptionPointers->ExceptionRecord;
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if ((ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == STATUS_ACCESS_VIOLATION) ||
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(ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == STATUS_GUARD_PAGE_VIOLATION) ||
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(ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == STATUS_IN_PAGE_ERROR)) {
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// The virtual address which caused the exception is the 2nd
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// parameter in the exception information array.
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*BadVa1 = ExceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation[1];
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if (ExceptionRecord->NumberParameters == 3) {
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*BadVa2 = ExceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation[2];
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}
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} else {// Unexpected exception - set the number of bytes copied to zero.
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*BadVa2 = 0xFFFFFFFF;
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}
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return EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER;
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}
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NTSTATUS
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MiDoMappedCopy(
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IN PEPROCESS FromProcess,
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IN PVOID FromAddress,
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IN PEPROCESS ToProcess,
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OUT PVOID ToAddress,
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IN ULONG BufferSize,
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IN KPROCESSOR_MODE PreviousMode,
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OUT PULONG NumberOfBytesRead
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)
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/*++
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Routine Description:
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This function copies the specified address range from the specified
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process into the specified address range of the current process.
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Arguments:
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FromProcess - Supplies an open handle to a process object.
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FromAddress - Supplies the base address in the specified process to be read.
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ToProcess - Supplies an open handle to a process object.
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ToAddress - Supplies the address of a buffer which receives the contents from the specified process address space.
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BufferSize - Supplies the requested number of bytes to read from the specified process.
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PreviousMode - Supplies the previous processor mode.
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NumberOfBytesRead - Receives the actual number of bytes transferred into the specified buffer.
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Return Value:
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TBS
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--*/
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{
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ULONG AmountToMove;
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ULONG_PTR BadVa1;
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ULONG_PTR BadVa2;
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PEPROCESS CurrentProcess;
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LOGICAL Moving;
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LOGICAL Probing;
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BOOLEAN LockedMdlPages;
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PVOID InVa;
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ULONG LeftToMove;
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PULONG MappedAddress;
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ULONG MaximumMoved;
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PMDL Mdl;
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PFN_NUMBER MdlHack[(sizeof(MDL) / sizeof(PFN_NUMBER)) + (MAX_LOCK_SIZE >> PAGE_SHIFT) + 1];
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PVOID OutVa;
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LOGICAL MappingFailed;
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PAGED_CODE();
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MappingFailed = FALSE;
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// Get the address of the current process object and initialize copy parameters.
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CurrentProcess = PsGetCurrentProcess();
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InVa = FromAddress;
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OutVa = ToAddress;
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MaximumMoved = MAX_LOCK_SIZE;
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if (BufferSize <= MAX_LOCK_SIZE) {
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MaximumMoved = BufferSize;
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}
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Mdl = (PMDL)&MdlHack[0];
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// Map the data into the system part of the address space, then copy it.
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LeftToMove = BufferSize;
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AmountToMove = MaximumMoved;
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while (LeftToMove > 0) {
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if (LeftToMove < AmountToMove) {
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AmountToMove = LeftToMove;// Set to move the remaining bytes.
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}
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KeDetachProcess();
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KeAttachProcess(&FromProcess->Pcb);
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// We may be touching a user's memory which could be invalid, declare an exception handler.
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try {
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// Probe to make sure that the specified buffer is accessible in the target process.
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MappedAddress = NULL;
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LockedMdlPages = FALSE;
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if ((InVa == FromAddress) && (PreviousMode != KernelMode)) {
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Probing = TRUE;
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ProbeForRead(FromAddress, BufferSize, sizeof(CHAR));
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}
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Probing = FALSE;
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MmInitializeMdl(Mdl, (PVOID)InVa, AmountToMove);// Initialize MDL for request.
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Moving = TRUE;
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MmProbeAndLockPages(Mdl, PreviousMode, IoReadAccess);
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Moving = FALSE;
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LockedMdlPages = TRUE;
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MappedAddress = MmMapLockedPagesSpecifyCache(Mdl, KernelMode, MmCached, NULL, FALSE, HighPagePriority);
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if (MappedAddress == NULL) {
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MappingFailed = TRUE;
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ExRaiseStatus(STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES);
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}
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// Deattach from the FromProcess and attach to the ToProcess.
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KeDetachProcess();
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KeAttachProcess(&ToProcess->Pcb);
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// Now operating in the context of the ToProcess.
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if ((InVa == FromAddress) && (PreviousMode != KernelMode)) {
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Probing = TRUE;
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ProbeForWrite(ToAddress, BufferSize, sizeof(CHAR));
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}
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Probing = FALSE;
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RtlCopyMemory(OutVa, MappedAddress, AmountToMove);
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} except(MiGetExceptionInfo(GetExceptionInformation(), &BadVa1, &BadVa2))
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{
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// If an exception occurs during the move operation or probe, return the exception code as the status value.
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KeDetachProcess();
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if (MappedAddress != NULL) {
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MmUnmapLockedPages(MappedAddress, Mdl);
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}
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if (LockedMdlPages == TRUE) {
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MmUnlockPages(Mdl);
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}
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if (GetExceptionCode() == STATUS_WORKING_SET_QUOTA) {
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return STATUS_WORKING_SET_QUOTA;
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}
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if ((Probing == TRUE) || (MappingFailed == TRUE)) {
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return GetExceptionCode();
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} else {
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// The failure occurred during the move operation, determine
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// which move failed, and calculate the number of bytes actually moved.
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if (Moving == TRUE) {
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if (BadVa1 != 0xFFFFFFFF) {
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*NumberOfBytesRead = (ULONG)((ULONG_PTR)BadVa2 - (ULONG_PTR)FromAddress);
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}
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} else {
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*NumberOfBytesRead = BufferSize - LeftToMove;
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}
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}
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return STATUS_PARTIAL_COPY;
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}
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MmUnmapLockedPages(MappedAddress, Mdl);
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MmUnlockPages(Mdl);
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LeftToMove -= AmountToMove;
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InVa = (PVOID)((ULONG_PTR)InVa + AmountToMove);
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OutVa = (PVOID)((ULONG_PTR)OutVa + AmountToMove);
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}
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KeDetachProcess();
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*NumberOfBytesRead = BufferSize;// Set number of bytes moved.
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return STATUS_SUCCESS;
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}
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NTSTATUS
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MiDoPoolCopy(
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IN PEPROCESS FromProcess,
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IN PVOID FromAddress,
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IN PEPROCESS ToProcess,
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OUT PVOID ToAddress,
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IN ULONG BufferSize,
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IN KPROCESSOR_MODE PreviousMode,
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OUT PULONG NumberOfBytesRead
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)
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/*++
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Routine Description:
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This function copies the specified address range from the specified
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process into the specified address range of the current process.
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Arguments:
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ProcessHandle - Supplies an open handle to a process object.
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BaseAddress - Supplies the base address in the specified process to be read.
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Buffer - Supplies the address of a buffer which receives the contents from the specified process address space.
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BufferSize - Supplies the requested number of bytes to read from the specified process.
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PreviousMode - Supplies the previous processor mode.
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NumberOfBytesRead - Receives the actual number of bytes transferred into the specified buffer.
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Return Value:
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TBS
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--*/
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{
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ULONG AmountToMove;
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ULONG_PTR BadVa1;
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ULONG_PTR BadVa2;
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PEPROCESS CurrentProcess;
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LOGICAL Moving;
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LOGICAL Probing;
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PVOID InVa;
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ULONG LeftToMove;
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ULONG MaximumMoved;
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PVOID OutVa;
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PVOID PoolArea;
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LONGLONG StackArray[COPY_STACK_SIZE];
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ULONG FreePool;
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PAGED_CODE();
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ASSERT(BufferSize != 0);
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// Get the address of the current process object and initialize copy parameters.
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CurrentProcess = PsGetCurrentProcess();
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InVa = FromAddress;
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OutVa = ToAddress;
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// Allocate non-paged memory to copy in and out of.
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MaximumMoved = MAX_MOVE_SIZE;
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if (BufferSize <= MAX_MOVE_SIZE) {
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MaximumMoved = BufferSize;
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}
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FreePool = FALSE;
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if (BufferSize <= sizeof(StackArray)) {
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PoolArea = (PULONG)&StackArray[0];
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} else {
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do {
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PoolArea = ExAllocatePoolWithTag(NonPagedPool, MaximumMoved, 'wRmM');
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if (PoolArea != NULL) {
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FreePool = TRUE;
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break;
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}
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MaximumMoved = MaximumMoved >> 1;
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if (MaximumMoved <= sizeof(StackArray)) {
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PoolArea = (PULONG)&StackArray[0];
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break;
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}
|
|
} while (TRUE);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Copy the data into pool, then copy back into the ToProcess.
|
|
LeftToMove = BufferSize;
|
|
AmountToMove = MaximumMoved;
|
|
while (LeftToMove > 0) {
|
|
if (LeftToMove < AmountToMove) {
|
|
AmountToMove = LeftToMove;// Set to move the remaining bytes.
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
KeDetachProcess();
|
|
KeAttachProcess(&FromProcess->Pcb);
|
|
|
|
// We may be touching a user's memory which could be invalid, declare an exception handler.
|
|
try {
|
|
// Probe to make sure that the specified buffer is accessible in the target process.
|
|
if ((InVa == FromAddress) && (PreviousMode != KernelMode)) {
|
|
Probing = TRUE;
|
|
ProbeForRead(FromAddress, BufferSize, sizeof(CHAR));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Probing = FALSE;
|
|
Moving = TRUE;
|
|
RtlCopyMemory(PoolArea, InVa, AmountToMove);
|
|
Moving = FALSE;
|
|
KeDetachProcess();
|
|
KeAttachProcess(&ToProcess->Pcb);
|
|
|
|
// Now operating in the context of the ToProcess.
|
|
if ((InVa == FromAddress) && (PreviousMode != KernelMode)) {
|
|
Probing = TRUE;
|
|
ProbeForWrite(ToAddress, BufferSize, sizeof(CHAR));
|
|
}
|
|
Probing = FALSE;
|
|
|
|
RtlCopyMemory(OutVa, PoolArea, AmountToMove);
|
|
} except(MiGetExceptionInfo(GetExceptionInformation(), &BadVa1, &BadVa2))
|
|
{
|
|
// If an exception occurs during the move operation or probe,
|
|
// return the exception code as the status value.
|
|
KeDetachProcess();
|
|
|
|
if (FreePool) {
|
|
ExFreePool(PoolArea);
|
|
}
|
|
if (Probing == TRUE) {
|
|
return GetExceptionCode();
|
|
} else {
|
|
// The failure occurred during the move operation, determine
|
|
// which move failed, and calculate the number of bytes actually moved.
|
|
if (Moving == TRUE) {// The failure occurred getting the data.
|
|
if (BadVa1 != 0xFFFFFFFF) {
|
|
*NumberOfBytesRead = (ULONG)((ULONG_PTR)(BadVa2 - (ULONG_PTR)FromAddress));
|
|
}
|
|
} else {// The failure occurred writing the data.
|
|
*NumberOfBytesRead = BufferSize - LeftToMove;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return STATUS_PARTIAL_COPY;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
LeftToMove -= AmountToMove;
|
|
InVa = (PVOID)((ULONG_PTR)InVa + AmountToMove);
|
|
OutVa = (PVOID)((ULONG_PTR)OutVa + AmountToMove);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (FreePool) {
|
|
ExFreePool(PoolArea);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
KeDetachProcess();
|
|
|
|
*NumberOfBytesRead = BufferSize;// Set number of bytes moved.
|
|
return STATUS_SUCCESS;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
NTSTATUS MiValidateUserTransfer(IN PVOID BaseAddressPointer, IN PVOID BufferPointer, IN ULONG BufferSize)
|
|
/*++
|
|
Routine Description:
|
|
This function checks whether the parameter source and destination address ranges lie within the user virtual address space.
|
|
This function does NOT guarantee that the addresses are in fact mapped or that faults will not occur - it just validates the address range.
|
|
Arguments:
|
|
BaseAddress - Supplies the base address within a process to be read.
|
|
Buffer - Supplies the address of a buffer which sends or receives the contents from the specified process address space.
|
|
BufferSize - Supplies the requested number of bytes to read or write from the specified process.
|
|
Return Value:
|
|
STATUS_SUCCESS if valid user ranges, error otherwise.
|
|
Environment:
|
|
None.
|
|
--*/
|
|
{
|
|
ULONG_PTR BaseAddress;
|
|
ULONG_PTR Buffer;
|
|
|
|
BaseAddress = (ULONG_PTR)BaseAddressPointer;
|
|
Buffer = (ULONG_PTR)BufferPointer;
|
|
|
|
PAGED_CODE();
|
|
|
|
// check that both the base address and the target buffer qualify
|
|
// as valid user address ranges. Wrapping is not allowed.
|
|
|
|
if (BaseAddress + BufferSize < BaseAddress) {
|
|
return STATUS_ACCESS_VIOLATION;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (((PVOID)BaseAddress > MM_HIGHEST_USER_ADDRESS) || ((PVOID)(BaseAddress + BufferSize) > MM_HIGHEST_USER_ADDRESS)) {
|
|
return STATUS_ACCESS_VIOLATION;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (Buffer + BufferSize < Buffer) {
|
|
return STATUS_ACCESS_VIOLATION;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (((PVOID)Buffer > MM_HIGHEST_USER_ADDRESS) || ((PVOID)(Buffer + BufferSize) > MM_HIGHEST_USER_ADDRESS)) {
|
|
return STATUS_ACCESS_VIOLATION;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return STATUS_SUCCESS;
|
|
} |