CavalliumDBEngine/src/main/java/it/cavallium/dbengine/database/disk/OptimisticRocksDBColumn.java

package it.cavallium.dbengine.database.disk;

import static it.cavallium.dbengine.database.LLUtils.MARKER_ROCKSDB;

import io.micrometer.core.instrument.DistributionSummary;
import io.micrometer.core.instrument.MeterRegistry;
import io.netty5.buffer.api.Buffer;
import io.netty5.buffer.api.BufferAllocator;
import io.netty5.buffer.api.MemoryManager;
import io.netty5.buffer.api.Send;
import it.cavallium.dbengine.database.LLDelta;
import it.cavallium.dbengine.database.LLUtils;
import it.cavallium.dbengine.lucene.ExponentialPageLimits;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.StampedLock;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
import org.rocksdb.ColumnFamilyHandle;
import org.rocksdb.OptimisticTransactionDB;
import org.rocksdb.ReadOptions;
import org.rocksdb.RocksDBException;
import org.rocksdb.Status.Code;
import org.rocksdb.Transaction;
import org.rocksdb.TransactionOptions;
import org.rocksdb.WriteBatch;
import org.rocksdb.WriteOptions;
import reactor.core.scheduler.Schedulers;

public final class OptimisticRocksDBColumn extends AbstractRocksDBColumn<OptimisticTransactionDB> {

	private static final boolean ALWAYS_PRINT_OPTIMISTIC_RETRIES = false;

	private final DistributionSummary optimisticAttempts;

	public OptimisticRocksDBColumn(OptimisticTransactionDB db,
			boolean nettyDirect,
			BufferAllocator alloc,
			String databaseName,
			ColumnFamilyHandle cfh,
			MeterRegistry meterRegistry,
			StampedLock closeLock) {
		super(db, nettyDirect, alloc, databaseName, cfh, meterRegistry, closeLock);
		this.optimisticAttempts = DistributionSummary
				.builder("db.optimistic.attempts.distribution")
				.publishPercentiles(0.2, 0.5, 0.95)
				.baseUnit("times")
				.scale(1)
				.publishPercentileHistogram()
				.tags("db.name", databaseName, "db.column", columnName)
				.register(meterRegistry);
	}

	@Override
	protected boolean commitOptimistically(Transaction tx) throws RocksDBException {
		try {
			tx.commit();
			return true;
		} catch (RocksDBException ex) {
			var status = ex.getStatus() != null ? ex.getStatus().getCode() : Code.Ok;
			if (status == Code.Busy || status == Code.TryAgain) {
				return false;
			}
			throw ex;
		}
	}

	@Override
	protected Transaction beginTransaction(@NotNull WriteOptions writeOptions,
			TransactionOptions txOpts) {
		return getDb().beginTransaction(writeOptions);
	}

	@Override
	public void write(WriteOptions writeOptions, WriteBatch writeBatch) throws RocksDBException {
		getDb().write(writeOptions, writeBatch);
	}

	@Override
	public @NotNull UpdateAtomicResult updateAtomicImpl(@NotNull ReadOptions readOptions,
			@NotNull WriteOptions writeOptions,
			Buffer key,
			BinarySerializationFunction updater,
			UpdateAtomicResultMode returnMode) throws IOException {
		long initNanoTime = System.nanoTime();
		try {
			var cfh = getCfh();
			var keyArray = LLUtils.toArray(key);
			if (Schedulers.isInNonBlockingThread()) {
				throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Called update in a nonblocking thread");
			}
			try (var txOpts = new TransactionOptions();
					var tx = beginTransaction(writeOptions, txOpts)) {
				boolean committedSuccessfully;
				int retries = 0;
				ExponentialPageLimits retryTime = null;
				Buffer prevData = null;
				Buffer newData = null;
				try {
					boolean changed;
					do {
						if (prevData != null && prevData.isAccessible()) {
							prevData.close();
						}
						if (newData != null && newData.isAccessible()) {
							newData.close();
						}
						var prevDataArray = tx.getForUpdate(readOptions, cfh, keyArray, true);
						if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
							logger.trace(MARKER_ROCKSDB,
									"Reading {}: {} (before update)",
									LLUtils.toStringSafe(key),
									LLUtils.toStringSafe(prevDataArray)
							);
						}
						if (prevDataArray != null) {
							prevData = MemoryManager.unsafeWrap(prevDataArray);
							prevDataArray = null;
						} else {
							prevData = null;
						}
						Buffer prevDataToSendToUpdater;
						if (prevData != null) {
							prevDataToSendToUpdater = prevData.copy().makeReadOnly();
						} else {
							prevDataToSendToUpdater = null;
						}
						try {
							newData = updater.apply(prevDataToSendToUpdater);
						} finally {
							if (prevDataToSendToUpdater != null && prevDataToSendToUpdater.isAccessible()) {
								prevDataToSendToUpdater.close();
							}
						}
						var newDataArray = newData == null ? null : LLUtils.toArray(newData);
						if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
							logger.trace(MARKER_ROCKSDB,
									"Updating {}. previous data: {}, updated data: {}",
									LLUtils.toStringSafe(key),
									LLUtils.toStringSafe(prevDataArray),
									LLUtils.toStringSafe(newDataArray)
							);
						}
						if (prevData != null && newData == null) {
							if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
								logger.trace(MARKER_ROCKSDB, "Deleting {} (after update)", LLUtils.toStringSafe(key));
							}
							tx.delete(cfh, keyArray, true);
							changed = true;
							committedSuccessfully = commitOptimistically(tx);
						} else if (newData != null && (prevData == null || !LLUtils.equals(prevData, newData))) {
							if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
								logger.trace(MARKER_ROCKSDB,
										"Writing {}: {} (after update)",
										LLUtils.toStringSafe(key),
										LLUtils.toStringSafe(newData)
								);
							}
							tx.put(cfh, keyArray, newDataArray);
							changed = true;
							committedSuccessfully = commitOptimistically(tx);
						} else {
							changed = false;
							committedSuccessfully = true;
							tx.rollback();
						}
						if (!committedSuccessfully) {
							tx.undoGetForUpdate(cfh, keyArray);
							tx.rollback();
							retries++;

							if (retries == 1) {
								retryTime = new ExponentialPageLimits(0, 2, 2000);
							}
							long retryNs = 1000000L * retryTime.getPageLimit(retries);

							// +- 30%
							retryNs = retryNs + ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextLong(-retryNs * 30L / 100L, retryNs * 30L / 100L);

							if (retries >= 5 && retries % 5 == 0 || ALWAYS_PRINT_OPTIMISTIC_RETRIES) {
								logger.warn(MARKER_ROCKSDB, "Failed optimistic transaction {} (update):"
										+ " waiting {} ms before retrying for the {} time", LLUtils.toStringSafe(key), retryNs / 1000000d, retries);
							} else if (logger.isDebugEnabled(MARKER_ROCKSDB)) {
								logger.debug(MARKER_ROCKSDB, "Failed optimistic transaction {} (update):"
										+ " waiting {} ms before retrying for the {} time", LLUtils.toStringSafe(key), retryNs / 1000000d, retries);
							}
							// Wait for n milliseconds
							if (retryNs > 0) {
								LockSupport.parkNanos(retryNs);
							}
						}
					} while (!committedSuccessfully);
					if (retries > 5) {
						logger.warn(MARKER_ROCKSDB, "Took {} retries to update key {}", retries, LLUtils.toStringSafe(key));
					}
					recordAtomicUpdateTime(changed, prevData != null, newData != null, initNanoTime);
					optimisticAttempts.record(retries);
					return switch (returnMode) {
						case NOTHING -> {
							if (prevData != null) {
								prevData.close();
							}
							if (newData != null) {
								newData.close();
							}
							yield RESULT_NOTHING;
						}
						case CURRENT -> {
							if (prevData != null) {
								prevData.close();
							}
							yield new UpdateAtomicResultCurrent(newData);
						}
						case PREVIOUS -> {
							if (newData != null) {
								newData.close();
							}
							yield new UpdateAtomicResultPrevious(prevData);
						}
						case BINARY_CHANGED -> {
							if (prevData != null) {
								prevData.close();
							}
							if (newData != null) {
								newData.close();
							}
							yield new UpdateAtomicResultBinaryChanged(changed);
						}
						case DELTA -> new UpdateAtomicResultDelta(LLDelta.of(prevData, newData));
					};
				} catch (Throwable ex) {
					if (prevData != null && prevData.isAccessible()) {
						prevData.close();
					}
					if (newData != null && newData.isAccessible()) {
						newData.close();
					}
					throw ex;
				}
			}
		} catch (Throwable ex) {
			throw new IOException("Failed to update key " + LLUtils.toStringSafe(key), ex);
		}
	}

	@Override
	public boolean supportsTransactions() {
		return true;
	}
}