EPOLL SO_LINGER=0 sends FIN+RST

Motivation:
If SO_LINGER is set to 0 the EPOLL transport will send a FIN followed by a RST. This is not consistent with the behavior of the NIO transport. This variation in behavior can cause protocol violations in streaming protocols (e.g. HTTP) where a FIN may be interpreted as a valid end to a data stream, but RST may be treated as the data is corrupted and should be discarded.

https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4170 Claims the behavior of NIO always issues a shutdown when close occurs. I could not find any evidence of this in Netty's NIO transport nor in the JDK's SocketChannel.close() implementation.

Modifications:
- AbstractEpollChannel should be consistent with the NIO transport and not force a shutdown on every close
- FileDescriptor to keep state in a consistent manner with the JDK and not allow a shutdown after a close
- Unit tests for NIO and EPOLL to ensure consistent behavior

Result:
EPOLL is capable of sending just a RST to terminate a connection.

testsuite/src/main/java/io/netty/testsuite/transport/socket/SocketRstTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 The Netty Project
+ *
+ * The Netty Project licenses this file to you under the Apache License,
+ * version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+ * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+ * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package io.netty.testsuite.transport.socket;
+
+import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
+import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
+import io.netty.channel.Channel;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+public class SocketRstTest extends AbstractSocketTest {
+    protected void assertRstOnCloseException(IOException cause, Channel clientChannel) {
+        if (Locale.getDefault() == Locale.US || Locale.getDefault() == Locale.UK) {
+            assertTrue("actual message: " + cause.getMessage(), cause.getMessage().contains("reset"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout = 3000)
+    public void testSoLingerZeroCausesOnlyRstOnClose() throws Throwable {
+        run();
+    }
+
+    public void testSoLingerZeroCausesOnlyRstOnClose(ServerBootstrap sb, Bootstrap cb) throws Throwable {
+        final AtomicReference<Channel> serverChannelRef = new AtomicReference<Channel>();
+        final AtomicReference<Throwable> throwableRef = new AtomicReference<Throwable>();
+        final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        final CountDownLatch latch2 = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        // SO_LINGER=0 means that we must send ONLY a RST when closing (not a FIN + RST).
+        sb.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_LINGER, 0);
+        sb.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
+            @Override
+            protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
+                serverChannelRef.compareAndSet(null, ch);
+                latch.countDown();
+            }
+        });
+        cb.handler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
+            @Override
+            protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
+                ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
+                        throwableRef.compareAndSet(null, cause);
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
+                        latch2.countDown();
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+        });
+        Channel sc = sb.bind().sync().channel();
+        Channel cc = cb.connect(sc.localAddress()).sync().channel();
+
+        // Wait for the server to get setup.
+        latch.await();
+
+        // The server has SO_LINGER=0 and so it must send a RST when close is called.
+        serverChannelRef.get().close();
+
+        // Wait for the client to get channelInactive.
+        latch2.await();
+
+        // Verify the client received a RST.
+        Throwable cause = throwableRef.get();
+        assertTrue("actual [type, message]: [" + cause.getClass() + ", " + cause.getMessage() + "]",
+                   cause instanceof IOException);
+        assertRstOnCloseException((IOException) cause, cc);
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout = 3000)
+    public void testNoRstIfSoLingerOnClose() throws Throwable {
+        run();
+    }
+
+    public void testNoRstIfSoLingerOnClose(ServerBootstrap sb, Bootstrap cb) throws Throwable {
+        final AtomicReference<Channel> serverChannelRef = new AtomicReference<Channel>();
+        final AtomicReference<Throwable> throwableRef = new AtomicReference<Throwable>();
+        final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        final CountDownLatch latch2 = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        sb.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
+            @Override
+            protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
+                serverChannelRef.compareAndSet(null, ch);
+                latch.countDown();
+            }
+        });
+        cb.handler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
+            @Override
+            protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
+                ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
+                        throwableRef.compareAndSet(null, cause);
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
+                        latch2.countDown();
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+        });
+        Channel sc = sb.bind().sync().channel();
+        cb.connect(sc.localAddress()).syncUninterruptibly();
+
+        // Wait for the server to get setup.
+        latch.await();
+
+        // The server has SO_LINGER=0 and so it must send a RST when close is called.
+        serverChannelRef.get().close();
+
+        // Wait for the client to get channelInactive.
+        latch2.await();
+
+        // Verify the client did not received a RST.
+        assertNull(throwableRef.get());
+    }
+}

transport-native-epoll/src/main/java/io/netty/channel/epoll/AbstractEpollChannel.java

@@ -95,21 +95,11 @@ abstract class AbstractEpollChannel extends AbstractChannel implements UnixChann
 
     @Override
     protected void doClose() throws Exception {
-        this.active = false;
+        active = false;
-        Socket fd = fileDescriptor;
         try {
-            // deregister from epoll now and shutdown the socket.
             doDeregister();
-            if (!fd.isShutdown()) {
-                try {
-                    fd().shutdown();
-                } catch (IOException ignored) {
-                    // The FD will be closed, so if shutdown fails there is nothing we can do.
-                }
-            }
         } finally {
-            // Ensure the file descriptor is closed in all cases.
+            fileDescriptor.close();
-            fd.close();
         }
     }
 

transport-native-epoll/src/main/java/io/netty/channel/unix/FileDescriptor.java

@@ -34,18 +34,26 @@ import static io.netty.util.internal.ObjectUtil.checkNotNull;
  * {@link FileDescriptor} for it.
  */
 public class FileDescriptor {
-    private static final AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater<FileDescriptor> openUpdater;
+    private static final AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater<FileDescriptor> stateUpdater;
     static {
         AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater<FileDescriptor> updater
-                = PlatformDependent.newAtomicIntegerFieldUpdater(FileDescriptor.class, "open");
+                = PlatformDependent.newAtomicIntegerFieldUpdater(FileDescriptor.class, "state");
         if (updater == null) {
-            updater = AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.newUpdater(FileDescriptor.class, "open");
+            updater = AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.newUpdater(FileDescriptor.class, "state");
         }
-        openUpdater = updater;
+        stateUpdater = updater;
     }
-
+    private static final int STATE_CLOSED_MASK = 1;
-    private final int fd;
+    private static final int STATE_INPUT_SHUTDOWN_MASK = 1 << 1;
-    private volatile int open = 1;
+    private static final int STATE_OUTPUT_SHUTDOWN_MASK = 1 << 2;
+    private static final int STATE_ALL_MASK = STATE_CLOSED_MASK |
+                                              STATE_INPUT_SHUTDOWN_MASK |
+                                              STATE_OUTPUT_SHUTDOWN_MASK;
+    /**
+     * Bit map = [Output Shutdown | Input Shutdown | Closed]
+     */
+    volatile int state;
+    final int fd;
 
     public FileDescriptor(int fd) {
         if (fd < 0) {
@@ -65,11 +73,19 @@ public class FileDescriptor {
      * Close the file descriptor.
      */
     public void close() throws IOException {
-        if (openUpdater.compareAndSet(this, 1, 0)) {
+        for (;;) {
-            int res = close(fd);
+            int state = this.state;
-            if (res < 0) {
+            if (isClosed(state)) {
-                throw newIOException("close", res);
+                return;
             }
+            // Once a close operation happens, the channel is considered shutdown.
+            if (casState(state, state | STATE_ALL_MASK)) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        int res = close(fd);
+        if (res < 0) {
+            throw newIOException("close", res);
         }
     }
 
@@ -77,7 +93,7 @@ public class FileDescriptor {
      * Returns {@code true} if the file descriptor is open.
      */
     public boolean isOpen() {
-        return open == 1;
+        return !isClosed(state);
     }
 
     public final int write(ByteBuffer buf, int pos, int limit) throws IOException {
@@ -188,6 +204,36 @@ public class FileDescriptor {
         return new FileDescriptor[]{new FileDescriptor((int) (res >>> 32)), new FileDescriptor((int) res)};
     }
 
+    final boolean casState(int expected, int update) {
+        return stateUpdater.compareAndSet(this, expected, update);
+    }
+
+    static boolean isClosed(int state) {
+        return (state & STATE_CLOSED_MASK) != 0;
+    }
+
+    static boolean isInputShutdown(int state) {
+        return (state & STATE_INPUT_SHUTDOWN_MASK) != 0;
+    }
+
+    static boolean isOutputShutdown(int state) {
+        return (state & STATE_OUTPUT_SHUTDOWN_MASK) != 0;
+    }
+
+    static boolean shouldAttemptShutdown(int state, boolean read, boolean write) {
+        return !isClosed(state) && (read && !isInputShutdown(state) || write && !isOutputShutdown(state));
+    }
+
+    static int calculateShutdownState(int state, boolean read, boolean write) {
+        if (read) {
+            state |= STATE_INPUT_SHUTDOWN_MASK;
+        }
+        if (write) {
+            state |= STATE_OUTPUT_SHUTDOWN_MASK;
+        }
+        return state;
+    }
+
     private static native int open(String path);
     private static native int close(int fd);
 

transport-native-epoll/src/main/java/io/netty/channel/unix/Socket.java

@@ -42,40 +42,41 @@ import static io.netty.channel.unix.NativeInetAddress.ipv4MappedIpv6Address;
  * <strong>Internal usage only!</strong>
  */
 public final class Socket extends FileDescriptor {
-    private volatile boolean inputShutdown;
-    private volatile boolean outputShutdown;
-
     public Socket(int fd) {
         super(fd);
     }
 
     public void shutdown() throws IOException {
-        shutdown(!inputShutdown, !outputShutdown);
+        shutdown(true, true);
     }
 
     public void shutdown(boolean read, boolean write) throws IOException {
-        inputShutdown = read || inputShutdown;
+        for (;;) {
-        outputShutdown = write || outputShutdown;
+            int state = this.state;
-        shutdown0(read, write);
+            if (!shouldAttemptShutdown(state, read, write)) {
-    }
+                return;
-
+            }
-    private void shutdown0(boolean read, boolean write) throws IOException {
+            if (casState(state, calculateShutdownState(state, read, write))) {
-        int res = shutdown(intValue(), read, write);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        int res = shutdown(fd, read, write);
         if (res < 0) {
             ioResult("shutdown", res, CONNECTION_NOT_CONNECTED_SHUTDOWN_EXCEPTION);
         }
     }
 
     public boolean isShutdown() {
-        return isInputShutdown() && isOutputShutdown();
+        int state = this.state;
+        return isInputShutdown(state) && isOutputShutdown(state);
     }
 
     public boolean isInputShutdown() {
-        return inputShutdown;
+        return isInputShutdown(state);
     }
 
     public boolean isOutputShutdown() {
-        return outputShutdown;
+        return isOutputShutdown(state);
     }
 
     public int sendTo(ByteBuffer buf, int pos, int limit, InetAddress addr, int port) throws IOException {
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ public final class Socket extends FileDescriptor {
             scopeId = 0;
             address = ipv4MappedIpv6Address(addr.getAddress());
         }
-        int res = sendTo(intValue(), buf, pos, limit, address, scopeId, port);
+        int res = sendTo(fd, buf, pos, limit, address, scopeId, port);
         if (res >= 0) {
             return res;
         }
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ public final class Socket extends FileDescriptor {
             scopeId = 0;
             address = ipv4MappedIpv6Address(addr.getAddress());
         }
-        int res = sendToAddress(intValue(), memoryAddress, pos, limit, address, scopeId, port);
+        int res = sendToAddress(fd, memoryAddress, pos, limit, address, scopeId, port);
         if (res >= 0) {
             return res;
         }
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ public final class Socket extends FileDescriptor {
             scopeId = 0;
             address = ipv4MappedIpv6Address(addr.getAddress());
         }
-        int res = sendToAddresses(intValue(), memoryAddress, length, address, scopeId, port);
+        int res = sendToAddresses(fd, memoryAddress, length, address, scopeId, port);
         if (res >= 0) {
             return res;
         }
@@ -140,11 +141,11 @@ public final class Socket extends FileDescriptor {
     }
 
     public DatagramSocketAddress recvFrom(ByteBuffer buf, int pos, int limit) throws IOException {
-        return recvFrom(intValue(), buf, pos, limit);
+        return recvFrom(fd, buf, pos, limit);
     }
 
     public DatagramSocketAddress recvFromAddress(long memoryAddress, int pos, int limit) throws IOException {
-        return recvFromAddress(intValue(), memoryAddress, pos, limit);
+        return recvFromAddress(fd, memoryAddress, pos, limit);
     }
 
     public boolean connect(SocketAddress socketAddress) throws IOException {
@@ -152,10 +153,10 @@ public final class Socket extends FileDescriptor {
         if (socketAddress instanceof InetSocketAddress) {
             InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = (InetSocketAddress) socketAddress;
             NativeInetAddress address = NativeInetAddress.newInstance(inetSocketAddress.getAddress());
-            res = connect(intValue(), address.address, address.scopeId, inetSocketAddress.getPort());
+            res = connect(fd, address.address, address.scopeId, inetSocketAddress.getPort());
         } else if (socketAddress instanceof DomainSocketAddress) {
             DomainSocketAddress unixDomainSocketAddress = (DomainSocketAddress) socketAddress;
-            res = connectDomainSocket(intValue(), unixDomainSocketAddress.path().getBytes(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
+            res = connectDomainSocket(fd, unixDomainSocketAddress.path().getBytes(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
         } else {
             throw new Error("Unexpected SocketAddress implementation " + socketAddress);
         }
@@ -170,7 +171,7 @@ public final class Socket extends FileDescriptor {
     }
 
     public boolean finishConnect() throws IOException {
-        int res = finishConnect(intValue());
+        int res = finishConnect(fd);
         if (res < 0) {
             if (res == ERRNO_EINPROGRESS_NEGATIVE) {
                 // connect still in progress
@@ -185,13 +186,13 @@ public final class Socket extends FileDescriptor {
         if (socketAddress instanceof InetSocketAddress) {
             InetSocketAddress addr = (InetSocketAddress) socketAddress;
             NativeInetAddress address = NativeInetAddress.newInstance(addr.getAddress());
-            int res = bind(intValue(), address.address, address.scopeId, addr.getPort());
+            int res = bind(fd, address.address, address.scopeId, addr.getPort());
             if (res < 0) {
                 throw newIOException("bind", res);
             }
         } else if (socketAddress instanceof DomainSocketAddress) {
             DomainSocketAddress addr = (DomainSocketAddress) socketAddress;
-            int res = bindDomainSocket(intValue(), addr.path().getBytes(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
+            int res = bindDomainSocket(fd, addr.path().getBytes(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
             if (res < 0) {
                 throw newIOException("bind", res);
             }
@@ -201,14 +202,14 @@ public final class Socket extends FileDescriptor {
     }
 
     public void listen(int backlog) throws IOException {
-        int res = listen(intValue(), backlog);
+        int res = listen(fd, backlog);
         if (res < 0) {
             throw newIOException("listen", res);
         }
     }
 
     public int accept(byte[] addr) throws IOException {
-        int res = accept(intValue(), addr);
+        int res = accept(fd, addr);
         if (res >= 0) {
             return res;
         }
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@ public final class Socket extends FileDescriptor {
     }
 
     public InetSocketAddress remoteAddress() {
-        byte[] addr = remoteAddress(intValue());
+        byte[] addr = remoteAddress(fd);
         // addr may be null if getpeername failed.
         // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/3328
         if (addr == null) {
@@ -230,7 +231,7 @@ public final class Socket extends FileDescriptor {
     }
 
     public InetSocketAddress localAddress() {
-        byte[] addr = localAddress(intValue());
+        byte[] addr = localAddress(fd);
         // addr may be null if getpeername failed.
         // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/3328
         if (addr == null) {
@@ -240,77 +241,77 @@ public final class Socket extends FileDescriptor {
     }
 
     public int getReceiveBufferSize() throws IOException {
-        return getReceiveBufferSize(intValue());
+        return getReceiveBufferSize(fd);
     }
 
     public int getSendBufferSize() throws IOException {
-        return getSendBufferSize(intValue());
+        return getSendBufferSize(fd);
     }
 
     public boolean isKeepAlive() throws IOException {
-        return isKeepAlive(intValue()) != 0;
+        return isKeepAlive(fd) != 0;
     }
 
     public boolean isTcpNoDelay() throws IOException {
-        return isTcpNoDelay(intValue()) != 0;
+        return isTcpNoDelay(fd) != 0;
     }
 
     public boolean isTcpCork() throws IOException  {
-        return isTcpCork(intValue()) != 0;
+        return isTcpCork(fd) != 0;
     }
 
     public int getSoLinger() throws IOException {
-        return getSoLinger(intValue());
+        return getSoLinger(fd);
     }
 
     public int getTcpDeferAccept() throws IOException {
-        return getTcpDeferAccept(intValue());
+        return getTcpDeferAccept(fd);
     }
 
     public boolean isTcpQuickAck() throws IOException {
-        return isTcpQuickAck(intValue()) != 0;
+        return isTcpQuickAck(fd) != 0;
     }
 
     public int getSoError() {
-        return getSoError(intValue());
+        return getSoError(fd);
     }
 
     public void setKeepAlive(boolean keepAlive) throws IOException {
-        setKeepAlive(intValue(), keepAlive ? 1 : 0);
+        setKeepAlive(fd, keepAlive ? 1 : 0);
     }
 
     public void setReceiveBufferSize(int receiveBufferSize) throws IOException  {
-        setReceiveBufferSize(intValue(), receiveBufferSize);
+        setReceiveBufferSize(fd, receiveBufferSize);
     }
 
     public void setSendBufferSize(int sendBufferSize) throws IOException {
-        setSendBufferSize(intValue(), sendBufferSize);
+        setSendBufferSize(fd, sendBufferSize);
     }
 
     public void setTcpNoDelay(boolean tcpNoDelay) throws IOException  {
-        setTcpNoDelay(intValue(), tcpNoDelay ? 1 : 0);
+        setTcpNoDelay(fd, tcpNoDelay ? 1 : 0);
     }
 
     public void setTcpCork(boolean tcpCork) throws IOException {
-        setTcpCork(intValue(), tcpCork ? 1 : 0);
+        setTcpCork(fd, tcpCork ? 1 : 0);
     }
 
     public void setSoLinger(int soLinger) throws IOException {
-        setSoLinger(intValue(), soLinger);
+        setSoLinger(fd, soLinger);
     }
 
     public void setTcpDeferAccept(int deferAccept) throws IOException {
-        setTcpDeferAccept(intValue(), deferAccept);
+        setTcpDeferAccept(fd, deferAccept);
     }
 
     public void setTcpQuickAck(boolean quickAck) throws IOException {
-        setTcpQuickAck(intValue(), quickAck ? 1 : 0);
+        setTcpQuickAck(fd, quickAck ? 1 : 0);
     }
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         return "Socket{" +
-                "fd=" + intValue() +
+                "fd=" + fd +
                 '}';
     }
 

transport-native-epoll/src/test/java/io/netty/channel/epoll/EpollSocketRstTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 The Netty Project
+ *
+ * The Netty Project licenses this file to you under the Apache License,
+ * version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+ * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+ * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package io.netty.channel.epoll;
+
+import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
+import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
+import io.netty.channel.Channel;
+import io.netty.channel.unix.Errors;
+import io.netty.channel.unix.Errors.NativeIoException;
+import io.netty.testsuite.transport.TestsuitePermutation;
+import io.netty.testsuite.transport.socket.SocketRstTest;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+public class EpollSocketRstTest extends SocketRstTest {
+    @Override
+    protected List<TestsuitePermutation.BootstrapComboFactory<ServerBootstrap, Bootstrap>> newFactories() {
+        return EpollSocketTestPermutation.INSTANCE.socket();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void assertRstOnCloseException(IOException cause, Channel clientChannel) {
+        if (!AbstractEpollChannel.class.isInstance(clientChannel)) {
+            super.assertRstOnCloseException(cause, clientChannel);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        assertTrue("actual [type, message]: [" + cause.getClass() + ", " + cause.getMessage() + "]",
+                   cause instanceof NativeIoException);
+        assertEquals(Errors.ERRNO_ECONNRESET_NEGATIVE, ((NativeIoException) cause).expectedErr());
+    }
+}