Motivation:
We must not add the inboundStreamHandler for outbound streams creates by Http2MultiplexCodec as the user will specify a handler via Http2StreamChannelBootstrap.
Modifications:
- Check if the stream is for outbound and if so not add the inboundStreamHandler to the pipeline
- Update tests so this is covered.
Result:
Fixes [#7178]
Motivation:
379ac890f4 introduced the usage of the inline mock maker. This unfortunally not work on java7 and java9.
Modifications:
Just use reflection to create the event for now.
Result:
Netty tests pass again on java7 and java9 as well.
Motivation:
When using Http2FrameCodec / Http2MultiplexCodec with HttpServerUpgradeHandler reference count exception will be triggered.
Modifications:
- Correctly retain before calling InboundHttpToHttp2Adapter.handle
- Add unit test
Result:
Fixes [#7172].
Motivation:
The construction `new AsciiString(string.substring(...))` can be replaced with the `new AsciiString(string, start, length)` to avoid extra allocation.
Modifications:
Apply the described replacement in `HttpConversionUtil#setHttp2Authority`.
Result:
Less allocations.
Motivation:
The `AsciiString#toString` method calculate string value and cache it into field. If an `AsciiString` created from the `String` value, we can avoid rebuilding strings if we cache them immediately when creating `AsciiString`. It would be useful for constants strings, which already stored in the JVMs string table, or in cases where an unavoidable `#toString `method call is assumed.
Modifications:
- Add new static method `AsciiString#cache(String)` which save string value into cache field.
- Apply a "benign" data race in the `#hashCode` and `#toString` methods.
Result:
Less memory usage in some `AsciiString` use cases.
Motivation:
We should call promise.setUncancellable() in DefaultHttp2StreamChannel.Unsafe impl to detect if the operation was cancelled.
Modifications:
Add promise.setUncancellable() calls
Result:
More correct handling of cancelled promises
Motivation:
Our http2 child channel implementation was not 100 % complete and had a few bugs. Beside this the performance overhead was non-trivial.
Modifications:
There are a lot of modifications, the most important....
* Http2FrameCodec extends Http2ConnectionHandler and Http2MultiplexCodec extends Http2FrameCodec to reduce performance heads and inter-dependencies on handlers in the pipeline
* Correctly handle outbound flow control for child channels
* Support unknow frame types in Http2FrameCodec and Http2MultiplexCodec
* Use a consistent way how to create Http2ConnectionHandler, Http2FrameCodec and Http2MultiplexCodec (via a builder)
* Remove Http2Codec and Http2CodecBuilder as the user should just use Http2MultipleCodec and Http2MultiplexCodecBuilder now
* Smart handling of flushes from child channels to reduce overhead
* Reduce object allocations
* child channels always use the same EventLoop as the parent Channel to reduce overhead and simplify implementation.
* Not extend AbstractChannel for the child channel implementation to reduce overhead in terms of performance and memory usage
* Remove Http2FrameStream.managedState(...) as the user of the child channel api should just use Channel.attr(...)
Result:
Http2MultiplexCodec (and so child channels) and Http2FrameCodec are more correct, faster and more feature complete.
Motivation:
This PR (unfortunately) does 4 things:
1) Add outbound flow control to the Http2MultiplexCodec:
The HTTP/2 child channel API should interact with HTTP/2 outbound/remote flow control. That is,
if a H2 stream used up all its flow control window, the corresponding child channel should be
marked unwritable and a writability-changed event should be fired. Similarly, a unwritable
child channel should be marked writable and a writability-event should be fired, once a
WINDOW_UPDATE frame has been received. The changes are (mostly) contained in ChannelOutboundBuffer,
AbstractHttp2StreamChannel and Http2MultiplexCodec.
2) Introduce a Http2Stream2 object, that is used instead of stream identifiers on stream frames. A
Http2Stream2 object allows an application to attach state to it, and so a application handler
no longer needs to maintain stream state (i.e. in a map(id -> state)) himself.
3) Remove stream state events, which are no longer necessary due to the introduction of Http2Stream2.
Also those stream state events have been found hard and complex to work with, when porting gRPC
to the Http2FrameCodec.
4) Add support for HTTP/2 frames that have not yet been implemented, like PING and SETTINGS. Also add
a Http2FrameCodecBuilder that exposes options from the Http2ConnectionHandler API that couldn't else
be used with the frame codec, like buffering outbound streams, window update ratio, frame logger, etc.
Modifications:
1) A child channel's writability and a H2 stream's outbound flow control window interact, as described
in the motivation. A channel handler is free to ignore the channel's writability, in which case the
parent channel is reponsible for buffering writes until a WINDOW_UPDATE is received.
The connection-level flow control window is ignored for now. That is, a child channel's writability
is only affected by the stream-level flow control window. So a child channel could be marked writable,
even though the connection-level flow control window is zero.
2) Modify Http2StreamFrame and the Http2FrameCodec to take a Http2Stream2 object intstead of a primitive
integer. Introduce a special Http2ChannelDuplexHandler that has newStream() and forEachActiveStream()
methods. It's recommended for a user to extend from this handler, to use those advanced features.
3) As explained in the documentation, a new inbound stream active can be detected by checking if the
Http2Stream2.managedState() of a Http2HeadersFrame is null. An outbound stream active can be detected
by adding a listener to the ChannelPromise of the write of the first Http2HeadersFrame. A stream
closed event can be listened to by adding a listener to the Http2Stream2.closeFuture().
4) Add a simple Http2FrameCodecBuilder and implement the missing frame types.
Result:
1) The Http2MultiplexCodec supports outbound flow control.
2) The Http2FrameCodec API makes it easy for a user to manage custom stream specific state and to create
new outbound streams.
3) The Http2FrameCodec API is much cleaner and easier to work with. Hacks like the ChannelCarryingHeadersFrame
are no longer necessary.
4) The Http2FrameCodec now also supports PING and SETTINGS frames. The Http2FrameCodecBuilder allows the Http2FrameCodec
to use some of the rich features of the Http2ConnectionHandler API.
Motivation:
The javadocs of Http2RemoteFlowController.isWritable(...) are incorrect.
Modifications:
Update javadocs to reflect reality.
Result:
Correct javadocs.
Motivation:
The labels identifying the frame types in Http2FrameLogger are not always correct.
Modification:
- Correct the string labels to indicate the right frame type in Http2FrameLogger
Result:
Logs are more correct.
Motivation:
In Http2ConnectionHandler we call flush(...) in channelReadComplete(...) to ensure we update the flow-controller and write stuff to the remote peer. We should better flip the order and so may be able to pick up more bytes.
Modifications:
Change order of calls.
Result:
Better performance
Motivation:
When we use pipeline.replace and we still had ongoing inbound, then
there will be some problem that inbound message would go to wrong
handlers. So we add handler first, and remove self after add, so that
the next handler will be the correct one.
Modifications:
Uses remove after addAfter instead of replace.
Result:
Fixed#6881
Motivation:
Http2FrameCodec should use Http2Settings.defaultSettings() when no Http2Settings were specified by the user.
Modifications:
Replace new Http2Settings() with Http2Settings.defaultSettings()
Result:
Use correct Http2Settings by default when using Http2FrameCodec in all cases.
Motivation:
Currentry logger create hex dump even if log write will not apply.
It's unecessary GC overhead.
Modifications:
Restore optimization from #3492
Result:
Fixes#7025
Motivation:
There should be a way to allow graceful shutdown to wait for all open streams to close without a timeout. Using gracefulShutdownTimeoutMillis with a large value is a bit of a hack, and has a gotcha that sufficiently large values will overflow the long, resulting in a ClosingChannelFutureListener that executes immediately.
Modification:
Allow to use gracefulShutdownTimeoutMillis(-1) to express waiting until all streams are closed.
Result:
We can now shutdown the connection without a forced timeout.
Motivation:
codec-http2 currently does not strictly enforce the HTTP/1.x semantics with respect to the number of headers defined in RFC 7540 Section 8.1 [1]. We currently don't validate the number of headers nor do we validate that the trailing headers should indicate EOS.
[1] https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-8.1
Modifications:
- DefaultHttp2ConnectionDecoder should only allow decoding of a single headers and a single trailers
- DefaultHttp2ConnectionEncoder should only allow encoding of a single headers and optionally a single trailers
Result:
Constraints of RFC 7540 restricting the number of headers/trailers is enforced.
Motivation:
Http2ServerUpgradeCodec should support Http2FrameCodec.
Modifications:
- Add support for Http2FrameCodec
- Add example that uses Http2FrameCodec
Result:
More flexible use of Http2ServerUpgradeCodec
Motivation:
DefaultHttp2ConnectionEncoder#writeHeaders attempts to find a stream object, and if one doesn't exist it tries to create one. However in the event that the local endpoint has received a RST_STREAM frame before writing the response headers we attempt to create a stream. Since this stream ID is for the incorrect endpoint we then generate a GO_AWAY for what appears to be a protocol error, but can instead be failed locally.
Modifications:
- Just fail the local promise in the above situation instead of sending a GO_AWAY
Result:
Less severe consequences if the server asynchronously sends headers after a RST_STREAM has been received.
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/6906.
Motivation:
PR #6811 introduced a public utility methods to decode hex dump and its parts, but they are not visible from netty-common.
Modifications:
1. Move the `decodeHexByte`, `decodeHexDump` and `decodeHexNibble` methods into `StringUtils`.
2. Apply these methods where applicable.
3. Remove similar methods from other locations (e.g. `HpackHex` test class).
Result:
Less code duplication.
Motivation:
The Http2FrameLogger uses a custom format when logging events. We should use the more familiar format of 'channel event type: details' and single line logging for more consistent debugging.
Modifications:
- Http2FrameLogger should not use a StringBuilder and instead should directly use the Logger
- Http2FrameLogger should use the more consistent format defined above
Result:
Http2FrameLogger's logging formate is more consistent with other log events.
Motivation:
In a `HttpConversionUtil#toHttp2Headers` a status code conversion can be replaced with using `HttpResponseStatus#codeAsText` method.
Modifications:
Apply `HttpResponseStatus#codeAsText` method.
Result:
Less allocations.
Motivation:
Before we always expanded the buffer by the initialCapacity which by default is 32 bytes. This may lead to many expansions of the buffer until we finally reached the point that the buffer can fin everything.
Modifications:
Double the buffer size until the threshold of >= 1024 is hit. After this will grow it by the initialCapacity
Result:
Less expansion of the buffer (and so allocations / copies) when the intialCapacity is not big enough. Fixes [#6864].
Motivation:
HpackHuffmanDecoder.Decoder did not do any bound-checking but just catched IndexOutOfBoundsException to detect if the array needs to grow. This can be very expensive because of fillInStackTrace()
Modifications:
Add proper bounds checking and grow the array if needed without catching IndexOutOfBoundsException.
Result:
Less overhead if the array needs to grow.
Motivation:
Depending on the use case it may make sense to increase or decrease the initial size of the buffer used during the HPACK huffman decode process. This is currently not exposed through the AbstractHttp2ConnectionHandlerBuilder.
Modifications:
- Add a method to AbstractHttp2ConnectionHandlerBuilder which allows the initial size of the buffer used during the HPACK huffman decode prcoess to be configured.
Result:
AbstractHttp2ConnectionHandlerBuilder provides more control of codec-http2 knobs.
Motivation:
Some JUnit assert calls can be replaced by simpler.
Modifications:
Replacement with a more suitable methods.
Result:
More informative JUnit reports.
Motivation:
DefaultHttp2FrameWriter has constructors that it would be a hassle to
expose as configuration parameters on Http2Codec. We should instead
make a builder for Http2Codec.
Modifications:
Get rid of the public constructors on Http2Codec and instead make sure
you can always use the builder where you would have used the constructor
before.
Result:
Http2Codec can be configured more flexibly, and the SensitivityDetector
can be configured.
Motivation:
Each StreamByteDistributor may allow for priority in different ways, but there are certain characteristics which are invalid regardless of the distribution algorithm. We should validate these invalid characteristics at the flow controller level.
Modifications:
- Disallow negative stream IDs from being used. These streams may be accepted by the WeightedFairQueueByteDistributor and cause state for other valid streams to be evicted.
- Improve unit tests to verify limits are enforced.
Result:
Boundary conditions related to the priority parameters are validated more strictly.
Motivation:
Chrome was randomly getting stuck loading the tiles examples.
Investigation showed that the Netty flow controller thought it had
nothing to send for the connection even though some streams has queued
data and window available.
Modifications:
Fixed an accounting error where an implicitly created parent was not
being added to the dependency tree, thus it and all of its children were
orphaned from the connection's tree and would never have data written.
Result:
Fixes#6621
Motivation:
Although effectively unused, the toString() of
WeightedFairQueueByteDistributor.State is useful for debugging. It
accidentally had an infinite loop, as it would recurse infinitely
between a parent and its child, which makes it less useful for
debugging.
Modifications:
Prune the infinite loop by using the parent's streamId instead of the
parent's toString().
Result:
Faster, less stack-overflowing toString()
Motivation:
The CI servers have reported leaks while building the HTTP/2 unit tests. The unit tests attempt to wait for the channels to be closed before exiting the test, but we should wait in case there are any tasks pending on the EventLoopGroup's task queues.
Modifications:
- Change the Future.sync() operations to Future.syncUninterruptibly()
- HTTP/2 unit tests which use local channel should wait for 5 seconds before shutting down the EventLoopGroups
Result:
More likely that any cleanup related tasks will execute before the unit tests are shutdown.
Motivation:
It is generally useful to override DefaultHttp2HeadersDecoder's creation of a new Http2Headers object so more optimized versions can be substituted if the use case allows for it.
Modifications:
- DefaultHttp2HeadersDecoder should support an overridable method to generate the new Http2Headers object for each decode operation
Result:
DefaultHttp2HeadersDecoder is more extensible.
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/6591.
Motivation:
codec-http2 has some helper methods to write to ByteBuf in a big endian fashion. This is the default memory structure for ByteBuf so these helper methods are not necessary.
Modifications:
- remove writeUnsignedInt and writeUnsignedShort
Result:
codec-http2 has less ByteBuf helper methods which are not necessary.
Motivation:
HTTP/2 support two ways to start on a no-tls tcp connection,
http/1.1 upgrade and prior knowlege methodology to start HTTP/2.
Currently, the http2-server from example only support
starting by upgrade. I think we can do a simple dispatch by peek first
bytes from inbound that match to prior knowledge preface or not and
determine which handlers to set into pipeline.
Modifications:
Add ClearTextHttp2ServerUpgradeHandler to support start HTTP/2 via clear
text with two approach. And update example/http2-server to support
this functionality.
Result:
netty HTTP/2 and the example http2-server accept for two ways to start
HTTP/2 over clear text.
Fixed memory leak problem
Update fields to final
Rename ClearText to cleartext
Addressed comments for code improvement
- Always prefer static, final, and private if possible
- Add UnstableApi annotation
- Used EmbeddedChannel.readInbound instead of unhandled inbound handler
- More assertion
Update javadoc for CleartextHttp2ServerUpgradeHandler
Rename ClearTextHttp2ServerUpgradeHandler to CleartextHttp2ServerUpgradeHandler
Removed redundant code about configure pipeline
nit: PriorKnowledgeHandler
Removed Mockito.spy, investigate conn state instead
Add Http2UpgradeEvent
Check null of the constructor arguments
Rename Http2UpgradeEvent to PriorKnowledgeUpgradeEvent
Update unit test
Motivation:
gRPC (and potentially other libraries) has an optimized header processor that requires direct access to the HpackDecoder.
Modifications:
Make the HpackDecoder and its constructors public.
Result:
Fixes#6579
Motivation
Http2StreamChannel ignores options of its parent channel when being created. That leads to surprising results when, for example, unpooled allocator could be silently replaced with pooled allocator (default setting).
Modification
Copy parent channel's options over to the Http2StreamChannel.
Result
Channel options are now consistent between Http2StreamChannel and its parent channel. Newly added test passes on this branch and fails on master. Fixes#6551.
Motivation:
We used some deprecated Mockito methods.
Modifications:
- Replace deprecated method usage
- Some cleanup
Result:
No more usage of deprecated Mockito methods. Fixes [#6482].
Motivation:
DefaultHttp2ConnectionDecoder#onSettingsRead processes the settings, and then sends a SETTINGS ACK to the remote peer. Processing the settings may result in frames which violate the previous settings being send to the remote peer. The remote peer will not apply the new settings until it has received the SETTINGS ACK, and therefore we may violate the settings from the remote peer's perspective and the connection will be shutdown.
Modifications:
- We should send the SETTINGS ACK before we process the settings to ensure the peer receives the SETTINGS ACK before other frames which assume the settings have already been applied
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/6520.
Motivation:
Http2SecurityUtil currently lists HTTP/2 ciphers as documented by
JSSE docs [1] and the IANA [2] using the TLS_ prefix.
In some IBM J9 implementations the SSL_ prefix is used, which is also
covered by the JSSE.
[1] http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html
[2] http://www.iana.org/assignments/tls-parameters/tls-parameters.xhtml
Modifications:
Add both variants of the cipher names (prefixed with SSL_ in additon to TLS_)
Result:
HTTP/2 connections can now be created using the SslProvider.JDK on IBM J9
and potentially other JVMs which use the SSL_ prefix.
Motivation:
A previous commit added methods to AbstractHttp2ConnectionHandlerBuilder but forgot to expose them in Http2ConnectionHandlerBuilder.
Modifications:
- expose the new methods in Http2ConnectionHandlerBuilder
Result:
Http2ConnectionHandlerBuilder supports the new configuration options.
Motivation:
The internal.hpack classes are no longer exposed in our public APIs and can be made package private in the http2 package.
Modifications:
- Make the hpack classes package private in the http2 package
Result:
Less APIs exposed as public.
Motivation:
The timeouts used in the Http2ConnectionRoundtripTest seems to be too low when leak-detection is enabled so we sometimes get failed tests due timeout.
Modifications:
Increase timeouts.
Result:
Fixes [#6442].
Motivation:
DefaultHttp2FrameWriter contains important logic for how http2
frame encode into binary, currently, netty had no unit test
just for DefaultHttp2FrameWriter.
Modifications:
Write DefaultHttp2FrameWriterTest to test DefaultHttp2FrameWriter
Result:
The coverage of DefaultHttp2FrameWriter is increased, and the
class was more reliable
Motivation:
In previous PR about handling unknwon frame in the middle of header
block, I didn't notice and re-use about checking is processing header
. And I added a redundant method for same functionality.
I think that the redundant method would lead to some misleading
situation.
Modifications:
Removed redundant code on DefaultHttp2FrameReader
Result:
The code is more readable
Motivation:
Some unit HTTP/2 unit tests use LocalChannel. LocalChannel's doClose method will ensure any pending items in the queue will be released, but it may execute a Runnable on the peer's EventLoop to ensure the peer's queue is also cleaned up. The HTTP/2 unit tests close the event loop groups with no wait time so that unit tests will execute quickly, but if the doClose Runnable is in the EventLoop's queue it will not run and thus the items in the queue will not be released.
Modifications:
- Ensure all HTTP/2 unit tests which use LocalChannel wait for both client and server channels to be closed before closing the EventLoop.
Result:
Related to https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/5850.
Motivation:
DefaultHttp2FrameReader contains the logic for how it parsed the network
traffic from http2 client,
it also validate the content is legal or not.
So keep high coverage rate on it will increase the stability of api.
Modifications:
Add unit test on DefaultHttp2FrameReader
Result:
Coverage rate increased
Motivation:
We used various mocking frameworks. We should only use one...
Modifications:
Make usage of mocking framework consistent by only using Mockito.
Result:
Less dependencies and more consistent mocking usage.
Motivation:
codec-http2 couples the dependency tree state with the remainder of the stream state (Http2Stream). This makes implementing constraints where stream state and dependency tree state diverge in the RFC challenging. For example the RFC recommends retaining dependency tree state after a stream transitions to closed [1]. Dependency tree state can be exchanged on streams in IDLE. In practice clients may use stream IDs for the purpose of establishing QoS classes and therefore retaining this dependency tree state can be important to client perceived performance. It is difficult to limit the total amount of state we retain when stream state and dependency tree state is combined.
Modifications:
- Remove dependency tree, priority, and weight related items from public facing Http2Connection and Http2Stream APIs. This information is optional to track and depends on the flow controller implementation.
- Move all dependency tree, priority, and weight related code from DefaultHttp2Connection to WeightedFairQueueByteDistributor. This is currently the only place which cares about priority. We can pull out the dependency tree related code in the future if it is generally useful to expose for other implementations.
- DefaultHttp2Connection should explicitly limit the number of reserved streams now that IDLE streams are no longer created.
Result:
More compliant with the HTTP/2 RFC.
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/6206.
[1] https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-5.3.4
Motivation:
If an HTTP/2 client writes data before the connection preface the peer will shutdown the socket. Depending on what is in the pipeline (SslHandler) may require different evaluation criteria to infer when the codec-http2 has written the connection preface on behalf of the client. This can lead to unnecessarily complexity and error prone/racy application code.
Modifications:
- Introduce a user event that is fired up the pipeline when codec-http2 writes the connection preface
Result:
Reliable mechanism for applications to use to know when connection preface has been written (related to https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/6272).
Motivation:
When An HTTP server is listening in plaintext mode, it doesn't have
a chance to negotiate "h2" in the tls handshake. HTTP 1 clients
that are not expecting an HTTP2 server will accidentally a request
that isn't an upgrade, which the HTTP/2 decoder will not
understand. The decoder treats the bytes as hex and adds them to
the error message.
These error messages are hard to understand by humans, and result
in extra, manual work to decode.
Modification:
If the first bytes of the request are not the preface, the decoder
will now see if they are an HTTP/1 request first. If so, the error
message will include the method and path of the original request in
the error message.
In case the path is long, the decoder will check up to the first
1024 bytes to see if it matches. This could be a DoS vector if
tons of bad requests or other garbage come in. A future optimization
would be to treat the first few bytes as an AsciiString and not do
any Charset decoding. ByteBuf.toCharSequence alludes to such an
optimization.
The code has been left simple for the time being.
Result:
Faster identification of errant HTTP requests.
Motivation:
2fd42cfc6b fixed a bug related to encoding headers but it also introduced a throws statement onto the Http2FrameWriter methods which write headers. This throws statement makes the API more verbose and is not necessary because we can communicate the failure in the ChannelFuture that is returned by these methods.
Modifications:
- Remove throws from all Http2FrameWriter methods.
Result:
Http2FrameWriter APIs do not propagate checked exceptions.
Motivation:
At rfc7540 5.5, it said that it's not permitted to send extension
frame in the middle of header block and need be treated as
protocol error
Modifications:
When received a extension frame, in netty it's called unknown frame,
will verify that is there an headersContinuation exists
Result:
When received a extension frame in the middle of header block,
will throw connection error and closed the connection
This prevents us from having the first request, that hasn't ack'ed the setting causing a GOAWAY when we'd would
be under the maxHeaderListSizeGoAway that would have been set after the settings ack.
Motivation:
If the HPACK Decoder detects that SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE has been violated it aborts immediately and sends a RST_STREAM frame for what ever stream caused the issue. Because HPACK is stateful this means that the HPACK state may become out of sync between peers, and the issue won't be detected until the next headers frame. We should make a best effort to keep processing to keep the HPACK state in sync with our peer, or completely close the connection.
If the HPACK Encoder is configured to verify SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE it checks the limit and encodes at the same time. This may result in modifying the HPACK local state but not sending the headers to the peer if SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE is violated. This will also lead to an inconsistency in HPACK state that will be flagged at some later time.
Modifications:
- HPACK Decoder now has 2 levels of limits related to SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE. The first will attempt to keep processing data and send a RST_STREAM after all data is processed. The second will send a GO_AWAY and close the entire connection.
- When the HPACK Encoder enforces SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE it should not modify the HPACK state until the size has been checked.
- https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-6.5.2 states that the initial value of SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE is "unlimited". We currently use 8k as a limit. We should honor the specifications default value so we don't unintentionally close a connection before the remote peer is aware of the local settings.
- Remove unnecessary object allocation in DefaultHttp2HeadersDecoder and DefaultHttp2HeadersEncoder.
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/6209.
Motivation:
- Decoder#decodeULE128 has a bounds bug and cannot decode Integer.MAX_VALUE
- Decoder#decodeULE128 doesn't support values greater than can be represented with Java's int data type. This is a problem because there are cases that require at least unsigned 32 bits (max header table size).
- Decoder#decodeULE128 treats overflowing the data type and invalid input the same. This can be misleading when inspecting the error that is thrown.
- Encoder#encodeInteger doesn't support values greater than can be represented with Java's int data type. This is a problem because there are cases that require at least unsigned 32 bits (max header table size).
Modifications:
- Correct the above issues and add unit tests.
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/6210.
Motivation:
Build failures have been observed with 2 second timeouts on the CI servers. We should make the timeouts longer to reduce false positive test failures due to tests timing out prematurely.
Modifications:
- Increase timeouts from 2 and 3 seconds to 5 seconds.
Result:
Less false positive test failures.
Motivation:
When DefaultHttp2Connection removes a stream it iterates over all children and adds them as children to the parent of the stream being removed. This process may remove elements from the child map while iterating without using the iterator's remove() method. This is generally unsafe and may result in an undefined iteration.
Modifications:
- We should use the Iterator's remove() method while iterating over the child map
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/6163
Motivation:
Currently clients attempting to send headers that are too large recieve
a RST frame. This makes it harder than needed for implementations on top
of netty to handle this in a graceful way.
Modifications:
When the Decoder throws a StreamError of type FRAME_SIZE_ERROR, the
Http2ConnectionHandler will now attempt to send an Http2Header with
status 431 and endOfStream=true
Result:
Implementations now do not have to subclass parts of netty to handle
431s
Motivation:
The 2 second timeout to bootstrap the test can timeout on the build servers. We should increase the timeout so it is less likely under powered or over worked machines are less likely to generate false failures.
Modifications:
- HttpToHttp2ConnectionHandlerTest setup timeout changed from 2 to 5 seconds
Result:
Less false build failures.
Motivation:
IntelliJ issues several warnings.
Modifications:
* `ClientCookieDecoder` and `ServerCookieDecoder`:
* `nameEnd`, `valueBegin` and `valueEnd` don't need to be initialized
* `keyValLoop` loop doesn't been to be labelled, as it's the most inner one (same thing for labelled breaks)
* Remove `if (i != headerLen)` as condition is always true
* `ClientCookieEncoder` javadoc still mention old logic
* `DefaultCookie`, `ServerCookieEncoder` and `DefaultHttpHeaders` use ternary ops that can be turned into simple boolean ones
* `DefaultHeaders` uses a for(int) loop over an array. It can be turned into a foreach one as javac doesn't allocate an iterator to iterate over arrays
* `DefaultHttp2Headers` and `AbstractByteBuf` `equal` can be turned into a single boolean statement
Result:
Cleaner code
Motivation:
LastInboundHandler maintains 2 queues which may contain the same data and tries to match these up when you read elements out of it. Because of this it can happen that you remove an element only out of one queue and so double free stuff later.
Modifications:
Just use one "queue" to store things.
Result:
Not possible to only remove things from one queue and so get into trouble later when release everything that sits in the handler.
Motivation:
When a LocalChannel is closed it is responsible to ensure all queued objects are released. When a LocalChannel is closed it will also close its peer channel. However in HTTP/2 unit tests we may not wait until all channels have completed the shutdown process before destroying the threads and exiting the test. This may mean buffers are GCed before they are released and be reported as a leak.
Modifications:
- In HTTP/2 tests when we use LocalChannel we should wait for all channels to close before exiting the test and cleaning up the associated EventLoopGroups.
Result:
More correct usage of LocalChannel in HTTP/2 tests.
Motiviation:
We used ReferenceCountUtil.releaseLater(...) in our tests which simplifies a bit the releasing of ReferenceCounted objects. The problem with this is that while it simplifies stuff it increase memory usage a lot as memory may not be freed up in a timely manner.
Modifications:
- Deprecate releaseLater(...)
- Remove usage of releaseLater(...) in tests.
Result:
Less memory needed to build netty while running the tests.
Motivation:
If a stream is not able to send any data (flow control window for the stream is exhausted) but has descendants who can send data then WeightedFairQueueByteDistributor may incorrectly modify the pseudo time and also double add the associated state to the parent's priority queue. The pseudo time should only be modified if a node is moved in the priority tree, and not if there happens to be no active streams in its descendent tree and a descendent is moved (e.g. removed from the tree because it wrote all data and the last data frame was EOS). Also the state objects for WeightedFairQueueByteDistributor should only appear once in any queue. If this condition is violated the pseudo time accounting would be biased at and assumptions in WeightedFairQueueByteDistributor would be invalidated.
Modifications:
- WeightedFairQueueByteDistributor#isActiveCountChangeForTree should not allow re-adding to the priority queue if we are currently processing a node in the distribution algorithm. The distribution algorithm will re-evaluate if the node should be re-added on the tail end of the recursion.
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/5980
Motivation:
Currently it is not possible to have an Http/2 server send non default
initial settings to clients when doing the initial connection handshake
Modifications:
Add additional constructors to Http2Codec allowing users to specify the
initial settings to send to the client and apply locally
Result:
You can now specify non default initial settings
Motivation:
The SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE limit, as enforced by the HPACK Encoder, should be a stream error and not apply to the whole connection.
Modifications:
Made the necessary changes for the exception to be of type StreamException.
Result:
A HEADERS frame exceeding the limit, only affects a specific stream.
Motivation:
Commit 908464f161 also introduced a change to guard against re-entrance but failed to correctly handle the debugData and promise.
Modifications:
Release debugData and correctly notify the promise.
Result:
No more buffer leak and promise is always notified.
Motivation:
The weight header with the default value is not set but it should be (rfc7540#5.3.5: …Pushed streams initially depend on their associated stream … are assigned a default weight of 16).
Modifications:
Add STREAM_WEIGHT header.
Result:
Correctly add headers.
Motivation:
The responsibility for retaining the settings values and enforcing the settings constraints is spread out in different areas of the code and may be initialized with different values than the default specified in the RFC. This should not be allowed by default and interfaces which are responsible for maintaining/enforcing settings state should clearly indicate the restrictions that they should only be set by the codec upon receipt of a SETTINGS ACK frame.
Modifications:
- Encoder, Decoder, and the Headers Encoder/Decoder no longer expose public constructors that allow the default settings to be changed.
- Http2HeadersDecoder#maxHeaderSize() exists to provide some bound when headers/continuation frames are being aggregated. However this is roughly the same as SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE (besides the 32 byte octet for each header field) and can be used instead of attempting to keep the two independent values in sync.
- Encoding headers now enforces SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE at the octect level. Previously the header encoder compared the number of header key/value pairs against SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE instead of the number of octets (plus 32 bytes overhead).
- DefaultHttp2ConnectionDecoder#onData calls shouldIgnoreHeadersOrDataFrame but may swallow exceptions from this method. This means a STREAM_RST frame may not be sent when it should for an unknown stream and thus violate the RFC. The exception is no longer swallowed.
Result:
Default settings state is enforced and interfaces related to settings state are clarified.
Motivation:
The HTTP/2 child channel API does not allow to create local/outbound HTTP/2 streams.
Modifications:
Add a Http2StreamChannelBootstrap that allows to create outbound streams.
Result:
The HTTP/2 child channel API now supports outbound streams.
Motivation:
HttpToHttp2ConnectionHandler.write(ctx, msg, promise) ignores HttpConversionUtil.ExtensionHeaderNames.STREAM_DEPENDENCY_ID header in outbound message. Beside this InboundHttp2ToHttpAdapter also not add the STREAM_DEPENDENCY_ID and STREAM_WEIGHT headers.
Modifications:
Respect STREAM_DEPENDENCY_ID and STREAM_WEIGHT
Result:
Correctly respect STREAM_DEPENDENCY_ID and STREAM_WEIGHT.
Motivation:
the build doesnt seem to enforce this, so they piled up
Modifications:
removed unused import lines
Result:
less unused imports
Signed-off-by: radai-rosenblatt <radai.rosenblatt@gmail.com>
Motivation:
Http2EventAdapter implements the Http2FrameListener interface but implements the #onUnknownFrame(...) method without the interface's throws Http2Exception.
Modifications:
Add throws Http2Exception.
Result:
More correct method signature.
Motivation:
The StreamBufferingEncoder is missing documentation of what happens
to buffered frames when it's closed.
Modifications:
Added this missing piece of documentation.
Result:
Improved documentation.
Motivation:
codec-http2 is really loud!
Modification:
Allow users to select how to log in the Http2Codec.
Result:
We can run Http2Codec and log however we like.
Motivation:
HTTP/2 Decoder#decodeULE128 current will tolerate more bytes than necessary when attempted to detect overflow. The usage of this method also currently requires an additional overflow conditional.
Modifications:
- Integrate the first byte into Decoder#decodeULE128 which allows us to detect overflow reliably and avoid overflow checks outside of this method.
Result:
Less conditionals and earlier overflow detection in Decoder#decodeULE128
Motivation:
Http2ServerDowngrader doesn't mark chunked requests as chunked, even
though the natural conversion from http/2 requests to http/1.1 requests
is to chunked ones.
Modifications:
Mark requests that aren't already complete as chunked.
Result:
Requests will be chunked, and can later be aggregated if necessary.
Motivation:
Void promises need special treatment, as they don't behave like normal promises. One
cannot add a listener to a void promise for example.
Modifications:
Inspected the code for addListener() calls, and added extra logic for void promises
where necessary. Essentially, when writing a frame with a void promise, any errors
are reported via the channel pipeline's exceptionCaught event.
Result:
The HTTP/2 codec has better support for void promises.
Motivation:
We need to ensure we only call debugData.release() if we called debugData.retain(), otherwise we my see an IllegalReferenceCountException.
Modifications:
Only call release() if we called retain().
Result:
No more IllegalReferenceCountException possible.
Motivation:
We need to call debugData.retain() before we forward the frame to the pipeline as ByteToMessageDecoder will call release() on the buffer.
Modifications:
Correctly retain debugData and fix the unit test to test for it.
Result:
No more IllegalReferenceCountException when using the Http2FrameCodec.
Motivation:
he HTTP/2 spec demands that the max value for SETTINGS_HEADER_TABLE_SIZE should be an unsigned 32-bit integer.
Modifications:
Change the limit to unsigned 32-bit integer and add tests.
Result:
Complient to rfc.
Motivation:
DefaultHttp2ConnectionEncoder.FlowControlledData.write() does not
complete the write promise of empty HTTP/2 DATA frames until either a
non-DATA frame, a non-empty DATA frame or a DATA frame with endOfStream
set. This makes the write promise of the empty DATA frame is notified
much later than it could be.
Modifications:
- Notify the write promise of the empty DATA frames immediately is the
queue contains empty DATA frames only
Result:
The write promise of an empty DATA frame is notified sooner.
Motivation:
The HTTP/2 HPACK Encoder class has some code which is only used for test purposes. This code can be removed to reduce complexity and member variable count.
Modifications:
- Remove test code and update unit tests
- Other minor cleanup
Result:
Test code is removed from operational code.
Motivation:
In DefaultHttp2ConnectionEncoder we fail the promise in in the FlowControlledData.error(...) method but also add it the CoalescingBufferQueue. Which can lead to have the promise failed by error(...) before it can be failed in CoalescingBufferQueue.
This can lead to confusing and missleading errors in the log like:
2016-08-12 09:47:43,716 nettyIoExecutorGroup-1-9 [WARN ] PromiseNotifier - Failed to mark a promise as failure because it's done already: DefaultChannelPromise@374225e0(failure: javax.net.ssl.SSLException: SSLEngine closed already)
javax.net.ssl.SSLException: SSLEngine closed already
at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler.wrap(...)(Unknown Source) ~[netty-all-4.1.5.Final-SNAPSHOT.jar:?]
Modifications:
Ensure we only fail the queue (which will also fail the promise).
Result:
No more missleading logs.
Motivation:
As per the HTTP/2 spec, exceeding the MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS should be treated as a stream error as opposed to a connection error.
"An endpoint that receives a HEADERS frame that causes its advertised concurrent stream limit to be exceeded MUST treat this as a stream error (Section 5.4.2) of type PROTOCOL_ERROR or REFUSED_STREAM." http://httpwg.org/specs/rfc7540.html#rfc.section.5.1.2
Modifications:
Make the error a stream error.
Result:
It's a stream error.
Motivation:
21e8d84b79 changed the way bounds checking was done, but however a bounds check in the case of READ_LITERAL_HEADER_NAME_LENGTH_PREFIX was using an old value. This would delay when the bounds check would actually be done and potentially allow more allocation than necessary.
Modifications:
- Use the new length (index) in the bounds check instead of an old length (nameLength) which had not yet been assigned to the new value.
Result:
More correct bounds checking.
Motivation:
The HPACK decoder keeps state so that the decode method can be called multiple times with successive header fragments. This decoder also requires that a method is called to signify the decoding is complete. At this point status is returned to indicate if the max header size has been violated. Netty always accumulates the header fragments into a single buffer before attempting to HPACK decode process and so keeping state and delaying notification that bounds have been exceeded is not necessary.
Modifications:
- HPACK Decoder#decode(..) now must be called with a complete header block
- HPACK will terminate immediately if the maximum header length, or maximum number of headers is exceeded
- Reduce member variables in the HPACK Decoder class because they can now live in the decode(..) method
Result:
HPACK bounds checking is done earlier and less class state is needed.
Motivation:
765e944d4d imposed a limit on the maximum number of stream in all states. However the default limit did not allow room for streams in addition to SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS. This can mean streams in states outside the states which SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS applies to may not be reliably created.
Modifications:
- The default limit should be larger than SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS
Result:
More lenient limit is applied to maxStreams by default.
Motivation:
SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS does not apply to idle streams and thus we do not apply any explicit limitations on how many idle streams can be created. This may allow a peer to consume an undesirable amount of resources.
Modifications:
- Each Endpoint should enforce a limit for streams in a any state. By default this limit will be the same as SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS but can be overridden if necessary.
Result:
There is now a limit to how many IDLE streams can be created.
Motivation:
Http2ConnectionDecoder#localSettings(Http2Settings) is not used in codec-http2 and currently results in duplicated code.
Modifications:
- Remove Http2ConnectionDecoder#localSettings(Http2Settings)
Result:
Smaller interface and less duplicated code.
Motivation:
The channel promise of a window update frame is not completed correctly,
depending on the failure or success of the operation.
Modification:
Succeed / Fail the promise if the window update succeeds / fails.
Result:
Correctly succeed / fail the promise.
Motivation:
When writing an Http2WindowUpdateFrame to an Http2FrameCodec, the
ChannelPromise is never satisfied, so callers cannot generically rely on the
write future being satisfied on success.
Modifications:
When writing Http2WindowUpdateFrame, Http2FrameCodec now satisfies the
ChannelPromise immediately.
Result:
The write future is satisfied on successful writes.
Fixesnetty/netty#5530.
Motivation:
DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController.writePendingBytes does not support reentry but does not enforce this constraint. Reentry is possible if the channel transitions from Writable -> Not Writable -> Writable during the distribution phase. This can happen if the user flushes when notified of the channel transitioning to the not writable state, and may be done if the user wants to fill the channel outbound buffer before flushing.
Modifications:
- DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController.writePendingBytes should protect against reentry
Result:
DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController will not allocate unexpected amounts or enter an infinite loop.
Motivation:
DefaultPromise has a listeners member variable which is volatile to allow for an optimization which makes notification of listeners less expensive when there are no listeners to notify. However this change makes all other operations involving the listeners member variable more costly. This optimization which requires listeners to be volatile can be removed to avoid volatile writes/reads for every access on the listeners member variable.
Modifications:
- DefaultPromise listeners is made non-volatile and the null check optimization is removed
Result:
DefaultPromise.listeners is no longer volatile.
Motivation:
DefaultPromise has a listeners member variable which is volatile to allow for an optimization which makes notification of listeners less expensive when there are no listeners to notify. However this change makes all other operations involving the listeners member variable more costly. This optimization which requires listeners to be volatile can be removed to avoid volatile writes/reads for every access on the listeners member variable.
Modifications:
- DefaultPromise listeners is made non-volatile and the null check optimization is removed
Result:
DefaultPromise.listeners is no longer volatile.
Motivation:
HPACK Encoder has a data structure which is similar to a previous version of DefaultHeaders. Some of the same improvements can be made.
Motivation:
- Enforce the restriction that the Encoder's headerFields length must be a power of two so we can use masking instead of modulo
- Use AsciiString.hashCode which already has optimizations instead of having yet another hash code algorithm in Encoder
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/5357
Motivation:
PlatformDependent attempts to use reflection to get the underlying char[] (or byte[]) from String objects. This is fragile as if the String implementation does not utilize the full array, and instead uses a subset of the array, this optimization is invalid. OpenJDK6 and some earlier versions of OpenJDK7 String have the capability to use a subsection of the underlying char[].
Modifications:
- PlatformDependent should not attempt to use the underlying array from String (or other data types) via reflection
Result:
PlatformDependent hash code generation for CharSequence does not depend upon specific JDK implementation details.
Motivation:
The HTTP/2 RFC states in https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-6.8 that Endpoints MUST NOT increase the value they send in the last stream identifier however we don't enforce this when decoding GOAWAY frames.
Modifications:
- Throw a connection error if the peer attempts to increase the lastStreamId in a GOAWAY frame
Result:
RFC is more strictly enforced.
Motivation:
Quote from issue 4914:
"Http2MultiplexCodec currently does two things: mapping the existing h2 API to frames and managing the child channels.
It would be better if the two parts were separated. This would allow less-coupled development of the HTTP/2 handlers (flow control could be its own handler, for instance) and allow applications to insert themselves between all streams and the codec, which permits custom logic and could be used, in part, to implement custom frame types.
It would also greatly ease testing, as the child channel could be tested by itself without dealing with how frames are encoded on the wire."
Modifications:
- Split the Http2MultiplexCodec into Http2FrameCodec and Http2MultiplexCodec. The Http2FrameCodec interacts with the existing HTTP/2 callback-based API, while the Http2MulitplexCodec is completely independent of it and simply multiplexes Http2StreamFrames to the child channels. Additionally, the Http2Codec handler is introduced, which is a convenience class that simply sets up the Http2FrameCodec and Http2MultiplexCodec in the channel pipeline and removes itself.
- Improved test coverage quite a bit.
Result:
- The original Http2MultiplexCodec is split into Http2FrameCodec and Http2MultiplexCodec.
- More tests for higher confidence in the code.
Motivation:
PR #5355 modified interfaces to reduce GC related to the HPACK code. However this came with an anticipated performance regression related to HpackUtil.equals due to AsciiString's increase cost of charAt(..). We should mitigate this performance regression.
Modifications:
- Introduce an equals method in PlatformDependent which doesn't leak timing information and use this in HpcakUtil.equals
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/5436
Motivation:
The HTTP/2 specification requires the pad length field of DATA, HEADERS and PUSH_PROMISE frames to be counted towards the flow control window. The current implementation doesn't do so (See #5434).
Furthermore, it's currently not possible to add one byte padding, as this would add the one byte pad length field as well as append one padding byte to the end of the frame.
Modifications:
Include the one byte pad length field in the padding parameter of the API. Thereby extending the allowed value range by one byte to 256 (inclusive). On the wire, a one byte padding is encoded with a pad length field with value zero and a 256 byte padding is encoded with a pad length field with value 255 and 255 bytes append to the end of the frame.
Result:
More correct padding.
Motivations:
The HPACK code was not really optimized and written with Netty types in mind. Because of this a lot of garbage was created due heavy object creation.
This was first reported in [#3597] and https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/issues/1872 .
Modifications:
- Directly use ByteBuf as input and output
- Make use of ByteProcessor where possible
- Use AsciiString as this is the only thing we need for our http2 usage
Result:
Less garbage and better usage of Netty apis.
Motivation:
These methods were recently deprecated. However, they remained in use in several locations in Netty's codebase.
Modifications:
Netty's code will now access the bootstrap config to get the group or child group.
Result:
No impact on functionality.
Motivation:
If a single DATA frame ends up being decompressed into multiple frames by DelegatingDecompressorFrameListener the flow control accounting is delayed until all frames have been decompressed. However it is possible the user may want to return bytes to the flow controller which were not included in the onDataRead return value. In this case the amount of processed bytes has not been incremented and will lead to negative value for processed bytes.
Modifications:
- Http2Decompressor.incrementProcessedBytes should be called each time onDataRead is called to ensure all bytes are accounted for at the correct time
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/5375
Motivation:
We use pre-instantiated exceptions in various places for performance reasons. These exceptions don't include a stacktrace which makes it hard to know where the exception was thrown. This is especially true as we use the same exception type (for example ChannelClosedException) in different places. Setting some StackTraceElements will provide more context as to where these exceptions original and make debugging easier.
Modifications:
Set a generated StackTraceElement on these pre-instantiated exceptions which at least contains the origin class and method name. The filename and linenumber are specified as unkown (as stated in the javadocs of StackTraceElement).
Result:
Easier to find the origin of a pre-instantiated exception.
Motivation:
JCTools supports both non-unsafe, unsafe versions of queues and JDK6 which allows us to shade the library in netty-common allowing it to stay "zero dependency".
Modifications:
- Remove copy paste JCTools code and shade the library (dependencies that are shaded should be removed from the <dependencies> section of the generated POM).
- Remove usage of OneTimeTask and remove it all together.
Result:
Less code to maintain and easier to update JCTools and less GC pressure as the queue implementation nt creates so much garbage
Motivation:
Http2ConnectionHandler will always send a GO_AWAY when the channel is closed. This may cause problems if the user is attempting to control when GO_AWAY is sent and the content of the GO_AWAY.
Modifications:
- When the channel is closed Http2ConnectionHandler should only send a GO_AWAY if one has not already been sent
Result:
The user has more control over when GO_AWAY is sent
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/5307
Motivation:
The user may specify to use a different allocator then the default. In this case we need to ensure it is shared when creating the EmbeddedChannel inside of a ChannelHandler
Modifications:
Use the config of the "original" Channel in the EmbeddedChannel and so share the same allocator etc.
Result:
Same type of buffers are used.
Motivation:
Performing a server upgrade with a new initial flow control window will cause an NPE in the DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController. This is due to the fact that the monitor does not check whether or not the channel is writable.
Modifications:
Added a check for channel writability before calling `writePendingBytes`. Also fixed a unit test that was supposed to be testing this :).
Result:
Fixes#5301
Motivation:
At the moment the user is responsible to increase the writer index of the composite buffer when a new component is added. We should add some methods that handle this for the user as this is the most popular usage of the composite buffer.
Modifications:
Add new methods that autoamtically increase the writerIndex when buffers are added.
Result:
Easier usage of CompositeByteBuf.
Motivation:
The HPACK code currently disallows empty header names. This is not explicitly forbidden by the HPACK RFC https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7541. However the HTTP/1.x RFC https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2 and thus HTTP/2 both disallow empty header names, and so this precondition check should be moved from the HPACK code to the protocol level.
HPACK also requires that string literals which are huffman encoded must be treated as an encoding error if the string has more than 7 trailing padding bits https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7541#section-5.2, but this is currently not enforced.
Result:
- HPACK to allow empty header names
- HTTP/1.x and HTTP/2 header validation should not allow empty header names
- Enforce max of 7 trailing padding bits
Result:
Code is more compliant with the above mentioned RFCs
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/5228
Related: #4333#4421#5128
Motivation:
slice(), duplicate() and readSlice() currently create a non-recyclable
derived buffer instance. Under heavy load, an application that creates a
lot of derived buffers can put the garbage collector under pressure.
Modifications:
- Add the following methods which creates a non-recyclable derived buffer
- retainedSlice()
- retainedDuplicate()
- readRetainedSlice()
- Add the new recyclable derived buffer implementations, which has its
own reference count value
- Add ByteBufHolder.retainedDuplicate()
- Add ByteBufHolder.replace(ByteBuf) so that..
- a user can replace the content of the holder in a consistent way
- copy/duplicate/retainedDuplicate() can delegate the holder
construction to replace(ByteBuf)
- Use retainedDuplicate() and retainedSlice() wherever possible
- Miscellaneous:
- Rename DuplicateByteBufTest to DuplicatedByteBufTest (missing 'D')
- Make ReplayingDecoderByteBuf.reject() return an exception instead of
throwing it so that its callers don't need to add dummy return
statement
Result:
Derived buffers are now recycled when created via retainedSlice() and
retainedDuplicate() and derived from a pooled buffer
Motivation:
We tried to provide the ability for the user to change the semantics of the threading-model by delegate the invoking of the ChannelHandler to the ChannelHandlerInvoker. Unfortunually this not really worked out quite well and resulted in just more complexity and splitting of code that belongs together. We should remove the ChannelHandlerInvoker again and just do the same as in 4.0
Modifications:
Remove ChannelHandlerInvoker again and replace its usage in Http2MultiplexCodec
Result:
Easier code and less bad abstractions.
Motivation:
We need to ensure we release all ReferenceCounted objects during tests to not leak.
Modifications:
Fix possible leaks by calling release()
Result:
No more leaks in tests.
Motivation:
Everything in the http2 package should be considered unstable for now
Modifications:
Add missing annotation on Http2ServerDowngrader
Result:
Clearly mark class as unstable.
Motivation:
We're leaking requests in our Http2ServerDowngrader tests when we
allocate a buffer using the local allocator.
Modification:
Release the request later when the request is constructed with the local
allocator.
Result:
Less leaky tests.
Motivation:
The DefaultHttp2Conneciton.close method accounts for active streams being iterated and attempts to avoid reentrant modifications of the underlying stream map by using iterators to remove from the stream map. However there are a few issues:
- While iterating over the stream map we don't prevent iterations over the active stream collection
- Removing a single stream may actually remove > 1 streams due to closed non-leaf streams being preserved in the priority tree which may result in NPE
Preserving closed non-leaf streams in the priority tree is no longer necessary with our current allocation algorithms, and so this feature (and related complexity) can be removed.
Modifications:
- DefaultHttp2Connection.close should prevent others from iterating over the active streams and reentrant modification scenarios which may result from this
- DefaultHttp2Connection should not keep closed stream in the priority tree
- Remove all associated code in DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController which accounts for this case including the ReducedState object
- This includes fixing writability changes which depended on ReducedState
- Update unit tests
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/5198
Motivation:
http/2 and http/1.1 have similar protocols, and it's useful to be able
to implement a single server against a single interface. There's an
injection from http/1.1 messages to http/2 ones, so it makes sense to
make folks program against http/1.1 and upgrade them under the hood.
Modifications:
added a MessageToMessageCodec<Http2StreamFrame, HttpObject> which turns
every kind of Http2StreamFrame domain object into an HttpObject domain
object, and then back again on the way out. This one is specialized for
servers, but it should be straightforward to make a symmetric one for
clients, or else extend this one.
Result:
fixes#5199, and it's now simple to make your Http2MultiplexCodec speak
Http1.1
Motivation:
Some codecs should be considered unstable as these are relative new. For this purpose we should introduce an annotation which these codecs should us to be marked as unstable in terms of API.
Modifications:
- Add UnstableApi annotation and use it on codecs that are not stable
- Move http2.hpack to http2.internal.hpack as it is internal.
Result:
Better document unstable APIs.
Motivation:
The format of some log lines used the printf style formatting instead of the logger {} formatting for variables. This would lead to printing out the literal printf tokens instead of substituting the value.
Modifications:
- Fix the format string for log statements which use printf style formatting
Result:
Logs actually capture the value of the variables instead of fixed string tokens.
Motivation:
DefaultHttp2FrameReader will stop reading data if any exception is thrown. However some exceptions are recoverable and we will lose data if we don't continue reading. For example some stream errors are recoverable.
Modifications:
- DefaultHttp2FrameReader should attempt to continue reading if a stream error is encountered.
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/5186
Motivation:
We lately added ByteBuf.isReadOnly() which allows to detect if a buffer is read-only or not. We should add ByteBuf.asReadOnly() to allow easily access a read-only version of a buffer.
Modifications:
- Add ByteBuf.asReadOnly()
- Deprecate Unpooled.unmodifiableBuffer(Bytebuf)
Result:
More consistent api.
Motivation:
This allows using handlers for Streams in normal Netty-style. Frames are
read/written to the channel as messages, not directly as a
callback/method call. Handlers allow mixing and can ease HTTP/1 and
HTTP/2 interoperability by eventually supporting HTTP/1 handlers in
HTTP/2 and vise versa.
Modifications:
New handler Http2MultiplexCodec that converts from the current HTTP/2
API to a message-based API and child channels for streams.
Result:
The basics are done for server-side: new streams trigger creation of new
channels in much the same appearance to how new connections trigger new
channel creation. The basic frames HEADERS and DATA are handled, but
also GOAWAY and RST_STREAM.
Inbound flow control is implemented, but outbound is not. That will be
done later, along with not completing write promises on the child
channel until the write actually completes on the parent.
There is not yet support for outbound priority/weight, push promises,
and many other features.
There is a generic Object that may be set on stream frames. This also
paves the way for client-side support which needs a way to refer to
yet-to-be-created streams (due to how HEADERS allocates a stream id, and
the allocation order must be the same as transmission order).
Motivation:
If a single Encoder object is promoted to the old generation then every object
reachable from the promoted object will eventually be promoted as well. A queue
illustrates the problem very well. Say a sequence of inserts and deletions
generate an object graph:
A -> B -> C -> D -> E -> F -> G -> H,
the head of the queue is E, the tail of the queue is H, and A, B, C, D are
dead. If all queue nodes are in the young generation, then a young gc will
clean up the object graph and leave us with:
E -> F -> G -> H
on the other hand, if B and C were previously promoted to the old generation,
then a young collection assumes the refernece from C to D is from a live object
(this is a key result of generational gc, no need to mark the old generation).
Hence the young collection assumes the refence to D is a gc root and leave us
with the object graph:
B-> C -> D -> E -> F -> G -> H.
Eventually D, E, F, G, H, and all queue nodes ever seen from this point on will
be promoted, regardless of their global live or dead status. It is generally
trivial to fix nepotism issues by simply breaking the reference chain after
dequeuing a node.
Currently Encoder objects do not null their references when removed from the
hash map. We have observed a 20X increase in promoted Encoder objects due to
nepotism.
Modifications:
Null before, after, and next fields when removing Encoder objects from maps.
Result:
Fewer promoted Encoder objects, fewer Encoder objects in the old generation,
shorter young collection times, old collections spaced further apart (nepotism
is just really bad). Enjoy.
Motivation:
If an error occurs during a write operation then DefaultHttp2ConnectionEncoder.FlowControlledData will clear the CoalescingBufferQueue which will reset the queue's readable bytes to 0. To recover from an error the DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController will attempt to return bytes to the flow control window, but since the frame has reset its own size this will lead to invalid flow control accounting.
Modifications:
- DefaultHttp2ConnectionEncoder.FlowControlledData should not reset its size if an error occurs
Result:
No more flow controller errors due to DefaultHttp2ConnectionEncoder.FlowControlledData setting its size to 0 if an error occurs.
Motivation:
HttpServerUpgradeHandler.UpgradeCodec.prepareUpgradeResponse should allow to abort the upgrade and so just continue with using HTTP. Beside this we should only pass in the response HttpHeaders as this is inline with the docs.
Modifications:
- UpgradeCodec.prepareUpgradeResponse now allows to return a boolean and so allows to specifiy if the upgrade should take place.
- Change the param from FullHttpResponse to HttpHeaders to be inline with the javadocs.
Result:
More flexible and correct handling of upgrades.
Motivation:
upgradeTo(...) takes the response as paramater, but the respone itself was already written to the Channel. This gives the user the impression the response can be changed or even act on it which may not be safe anymore once it was written and has been released.
Modifications:
Remove the response param from the method.
Result:
Less confusion and safer usage.
Motivation:
Http2Codec.SimpleChannelPromiseAggregator currently fails fast if as soon as a tryFailure or setFailure method is called. This can lead to write operations which pass the result of SimpleChannelPromiseAggregator.newPromise to multiple channel.write calls throwing exceptions due to the promise being already done. This behavior is not expected by most of the Netty codecs (SslHandler) and can also create unexpected leaks in the http2 codec (DefaultHttp2FrameWriter).
Modifications:
- Http2Codec.SimpleChannelPromiseAggregator shouldn't complete the promise until doneAllocatingPromises is called
- Usages of Http2Codec.SimpleChannelPromiseAggregator should be adjusted to handle the change in behavior
- What were leaks in DefaultHttp2FrameWriter should be fixed to catch any other cases where ctx.write may throw
Result:
SimpleChannelPromiseAggregator won't generate promises which are done when newPromise is called.
Motivation:
PromiseAggregator's API allows for the aggregate promise to complete before the user is done adding promises. In order to support this use case the API structure would need to change in a breaking manner.
Modifications:
- Deprecate PromiseAggregator and subclasses
- Introduce PromiseCombiner which corrects these issues
Result:
PromiseCombiner corrects the deficiencies in PromiseAggregator.
Motiviation:
691bc1690e made writeUtf8 consistent with String.getBytes() so that it never throws.
94f27be59b provided a writeUtf8 method which takes a ByteBufAllocator to do an appropriately sized buffer allocation.
Result:
- Assume writeUtf8 will not throw in HTTP/2 codec
- Use the new writeUtf8 method
Result:
Cleaner code in codec-http2.
Motivation:
If while iterating the active streams a close operation occurs this will be queued and process after the iteration has completed to avoid a concurrent modification exception. However it is possible that during the iteration the stream which was closed could have been removed from the priority tree and its parent would be set to null. Then after the iteration completes the close operation will attempt to dereference the parent and results in a NPE.
Modifications:
- pending close operations should verify the stream's parent is not null before processing the event
Result:
No More NPE.
Motivation:
83c4aa6ad8 changed the log level to warn, but should have changed to debug.
Modifications:
- Change the log level to debug in Http2ConnectionHandler if the GO_AWAY fails to send. The write failure could be the result of the channel already being closed.
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4930.
Motiviation:
cfcee5798d introduced code to resize the headers based upon a weighted average. The weight used for new entries was initialized using integer arithmetic when it should have been floating point arithmetic and so new values contribute 0 weight.
Modifications:
- Cast to float when initializing
Result:
Weighted average does not give 0 weight to new headers in DefaultHttp2HeadersDecoder.
Motivation:
The interface contract of Http2Connection.Listener.onStreamClosed says that the stream will be removed from the active stream map, and not necessarily the stream map. If the channel becomes inactive we may remove from the stream map before calling onStreamClosed.
Modifications:
- Don't remove from the stream map during iteration until after onStreamClosed is called
Result:
Expectations of onStreamClosed interface are not violated
Motivation:
Http2ConnectionHandler inherits from ByteToMessageDecoder. ByteToMessageDecoder.channelInactive will attempt to decode any remaining data by calling the abstract decode method. If the Http2ConnectionHandler is in server mode, and no data has been exchanged yet, it will try to treat this data as an invalid connection preface and write a GO_AWAY. This is noisy in the logs and creates an illusion that there is a protocol violation when there has not been.
Modifications:
- If the channel is inactive the connection preface decode should not be executed.
Result:
Log files don't include misleading error messages related to connection preface errors.
Modifications:
When constructing the FullHttpMessage pass in the ByteBuf to use via the ByteBufAllocator assigned via the context.
Result:
The ByteBuf assigned to the FullHttpMessage can now be configured as a pooled/unpooled, direct/heap based ByteBuf via the ByteBufAllocator used.
Motivation:
Http2Connection.onStreamRemoved is not always called if Http2Connection.onStreamAdded is called. This is problematic as users may rely on the onStreamRemoved method to be called to release ByteBuf objects and do other cleanup.
Modifications:
- Http2Connection.close will remove all streams existing streams and prevent new ones from being created
- Http2ConnectionHandler will call the new close method in channelInactive
Result:
Http2Connection.onStreamRemoved is always called when Http2Connection.onStreamRemoved is called to preserve the Http2Connection guarantees.
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4838
Motivation:
Commit f990f99 introduced a bug into the RST_STREAM processing that would prevent a RST_STREAM from being sent when it should have been. The promise would be marked as successful even though the RST_STREAM frame would never be sent.
Modifications:
- Fix conditional in Http2ConnectionHandler.resetStream to allow reset streams to be sent in all stream states besides IDLE.
Result:
RST_STREAM frames are now sent when they are supposed to be sent
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4856
Motivation:
Http2CodecUtil uses ByteBufUtil.writeUtf8 but does not account for it
throwing an exception. If an exception is thrown because the format is
not valid UTF16 encoded UTF8 then the buffer will leak.
Modifications:
- Make sure the buffer is released if an exception is thrown
- Ensure call sites of the Http2CodecUtil.toByteBuf can tolerate and
exception being thrown
Result:
No leak if exception data can not be converted to UTF8.
Motivation:
Currently the initial headers for every stream is queued in the flow controller. Since the initial header frame may create streams the peer must receive these frames in the order in which they were created, or else this will be a protocol error and the connection will be closed. Tolerating the initial headers being queued would increase the complexity of the WeightedFairQueueByteDistributor and there is benefit of doing so is not clear.
Modifications:
- The initial headers will no longer be queued in the flow controllers
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4758
Motivation:
In HttpConversionUtil's toHttpRequest and toHttpResponse methods can
allocate FullHttpMessage objects, and if an exeception is thrown during
the header conversion then this object will not be released. If a
FullHttpMessage is not fired up the pipeline, and the stream is closed
then we remove from the map, but do not release the object. This leads
to a ByteBuf leak. Some of the logic related to stream lifetime management
and FullHttpMessage also predates the RFC being finalized and is not correct.
Modifications:
- Fix leaks in HttpConversionUtil
- Ensure the objects are released when they are removed from the map.
- Correct logic and unit tests where they are found to be incorrect.
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4780
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/3619
Motivation:
When HttpClientUpgradeHandler upgrades from HTTP/1 to another protocol,
it performs a two-step opertion:
1. Remove the SourceCodec (HttpClientCodec)
2. Add the UpgradeCodec
When HttpClientCodec is removed from the pipeline, the decoder being
removed triggers channelRead() event with the data left in its
cumulation buffer. However, this is not received by the UpgradeCodec
becuase it's not added yet. e.g. HTTP/2 SETTINGS frame sent by the
server can be missed out.
To fix the problem, we need to reverse the steps:
1. Add the UpgradeCodec
2. Remove the SourceCodec
However, this does not work as expected either, because UpgradeCodec can
send a greeting message such as HTTP/2 Preface. Such a greeting message
will be handled by the SourceCodec and will trigger an 'unsupported
message type' exception.
To fix the problem really, we need to make the upgrade process 3-step:
1. Remove/disable the encoder of SourceCodec
2. Add the UpgradeCodec
3. Remove the SourceCodec
Modifications:
- Add SourceCodec.prepareUpgradeFrom() so that SourceCodec can remove or
disable its encoder
- Implement HttpClientCodec.prepareUpgradeFrom() properly
- Miscellaneous:
- Log the related channel as well When logging the failure to send a
GOAWAY
Result:
Cleartext HTTP/1-to-HTTP/2 upgrade works again.
Motivation:
StreamBufferingEncoder provides queueing so that MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS is not violated. However the stream id generation provided by Http2Connection.nextStreamId() only returns the next stream id that is expected on the connection and does not account for queueing. The codec should provide a way to generate the next stream id for a given endpoint that functions with or without queueing.
Modifications:
- Change Http2Connection.nextStreamId to Http2Connection.incrementAndGetNextStreamId
Result:
Http2Connection can generate the next stream id in queued and non-queued scenarios.
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4704
Motivation:
If validateHeaders is set in combination with the encoder/decoder it will be silently ignored. We should enforce the constraint that validateHeaders and encoder/decoder are mutually exclusive.
Modifications:
- Make sure either validateHeaders can be set or encoder/decoder.
Result:
AbstractHttp2ConnectionHandlerBuilder does not allow conflicting options to be set.
Motivation:
DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController does not correctly account for the padding in the event frames are merged. This causes the internal stat of DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController to become corrupt and can result in attempting to write frames when there are none.
Modifications:
- Update DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController to account for frame sizes not necessarily adding together.
Result:
DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController internal state does not become corrupt when padding is present.
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4573
Motivation:
Currently it's impossible to distinguish which
connection the corresponding logged message is
related to.
Modifications:
Http2FrameLogger is extended to support channel
id logging, usages in Inbound/Outbound Frame
Loggers are adjusted accordingly.
Result:
Logger outputs the channel id.
Motivation:
HttpConversionUtil.toHttp2Headers currently has a throws Exception as part of the signature. This comes from the signature of ByteProcessor.process, but is not necessary because the ByteProcessor used does not throw.
Modifications:
- Remove throws Exception from the signature of HttpConversionUtil.toHttp2Headers.
Result:
HttpConversionUtil.toHttp2Headers interface does not propagate a throws Exception when it is used.
Motivation:
- AbstractHttp2ConnectionHandlerBuilder.encoderEnforceMaxConcurrentStreams can be the primitive boolean
- SpdySession.StreamComparator should not be Serializable since SpdySession is not Serializable
Modifications:
Use boolean instead and remove Serializable
Result:
- Minor improvement for AbstractHttp2ConnectionHandlerBuilder
- StreamComparator is not Serializable any more
Motivation:
Javadoc reports errors about invalid docs.
Modifications:
Fix some errors reported by javadoc.
Result:
A lot of javadoc errors are fixed by this patch.
Motivation:
There are some wrong links and tags in javadoc.
Modifications:
Fix the wrong links and tags in javadoc.
Result:
These links will work correctly in javadoc.
Motivation:
If the stream window is negative UniformStreamByteDistributor may write data. This is prohibited by the RFC https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-6.9.2.
Modifications:
- UniformStreamByteDistributor should use StreamState.isWriteAllowed()
Result:
UniformStreamByteDistributor is more complaint with HTTP/2 RFC.
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4545
Motivation:
RemoteFlowController.streamWritten is not currently required. We should remove it to keep interfaces minimal.
Modifications:
- Remove RemoteFlowController.streamWritten
Result:
1 Less method in RemoteFlowController interface.
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4600
Motivation:
PriorityStreamByteDistributor is now obsolete and can be replaced by WeightedFairQueueByteDistributor.
Modifications:
- Remove PriorityStreamByteDistributor and use WeightedFairQueueByteDistributor by default.
Result:
PriorityStreamByteDistributor no longer has to be maintained and is replaced by a better algorithm.
Motivation:
DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController.ListenerWritabilityMonitor no longer reliably detects when a stream's writability change occurs.
Modifications:
- Ensure writiability is reliabily reported by DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController.ListenerWritabilityMonitor
- Fix infinite loop issue (https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4588) detected when consolidating unit tests
Result:
Reliable stream writability change notification, and 1 less infinite loop in UniformStreamByteDistributor.
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4587
Related: #4572#4574
Motivation:
Consistency in our builder API design
Modifications:
- Add AbstractInboundHttp2ToHttpAdapterBuilder
- Replace the old 'Builder's with InboundHttp2ToHttpAdapterBuilder and
InboundHttp2ToHttpPriorityAdapterBuilder
Result:
Builder API consistency
Motivation:
PriorityStreamByteDistributor uses a homegrown algorithm which distributes bytes to nodes in the priority tree. PriorityStreamByteDistributor has no concept of goodput which may result in poor utilization of network resources. PriorityStreamByteDistributor also has performance issues related to the tree traversal approach and number of nodes that must be visited. There also exists some more proven algorithms from the resource scheduling domain which PriorityStreamByteDistributor does not employ.
Modifications:
- Introduce a new ByteDistributor which uses elements from weighted fair queue schedulers
Result:
StreamByteDistributor which is sensitive to priority and uses a more familiar distribution concept.
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4462
Related: #4572
Motivation:
- A user might want to extend Http2ConnectionHandler and define his/her
own static inner Builder class that extends
Http2ConnectionHandler.BuilderBase. This introduces potential
confusion because there's already Http2ConnectionHandler.Builder. Your
IDE will warn about this name duplication as well.
- BuilderBase exposes all setters with public modifier. A user's Builder
might not want to expose them to enforce it to certain configuration.
There's no way to hide them because it's public already and they are
final.
- BuilderBase.build(Http2ConnectionDecoder, Http2ConnectionEncoder)
ignores most properties exposed by BuilderBase, such as
validateHeaders, frameLogger and encoderEnforceMaxConcurrentStreams.
If any build() method ignores the properties exposed by the builder,
there's something wrong.
- A user's Builder that extends BuilderBase might want to require more
parameters in build(). There's no way to do that cleanly because
build() is public and final already.
Modifications:
- Make BuilderBase and Builder top-level so that there's no duplicate
name issue anymore.
- Add AbstractHttp2ConnectionHandlerBuilder
- Add Http2ConnectionHandlerBuilder
- Add HttpToHttp2ConnectionHandlerBuilder
- Make all builder methods in AbstractHttp2ConnectionHandlerBuilder
protected so that a subclass can choose which methods to expose
- Provide only a single build() method
- Add connection() and codec() so that a user can still specify
Http2Connection or Http2Connection(En|De)coder explicitly
- Implement proper state validation mechanism so that it is prevented
to invoke conflicting setters
Result:
Less confusing yet flexible builder API
Motivation:
Some times the user wants to set a Http2HeaderEncoder.SensitivityDetector when building a Http2ConnectionHandler.
Modifications:
Allow to set Http2HeaderEncoder.SensitivityDetector via builder.
Result:
More flexible building of Http2ConnectionHandler possible.
Motivation:
We already provide a NEVER_SENSITIVE instance,we should add ALWAYS_SENSITIVE as well.
Modifications:
Add ALWAYS_SENSITIVE instance which will always return true when check for sesitive.
Result:
User can reuse code.
Motivation:
Because we flow control HEADERS frames, it's possible that an intermediate error can result in a RST_STREAM frame being sent for a frame that the other endpoint is not yet aware of. This is a violation of the spec and will either result in spammy logs at the other endpoint or broken connections.
Modifications:
Modified the HTTP/2 handler so that it only sends RST_STREAM if it has sent at least one HEADERS frame to the remote endpoint for the stream.
Result:
Fixes#4465
Motivation:
The encoder is currently responsible for chunking frames when writing in order to conform to max frame size. The frame writer would be a better place for this since it could perform a reuse the same promise aggregator for all the write and could also perform a single allocation for all of the frame headers.
Modifications:
Modified `DefaultHttp2FrameWriter` to perform the chunking and modified the contract in the `Http2FrameWriter` interface. Modified `DefaultHttp2ConnectionEncoder` to send give all allocated bytes to the writer.
Result:
Fixes#3966
Motivation:
The UniformStreamByteDistributor currently processes all zero-length frames, regardless of add order. This means that we would always send HEADERS for all streams, possibly taking away bandwidth for streams that actually have data.
Modifications:
Empty frames are now treated the same as any other frame except that the algorithm will pop off the any empty frames at the head of the queue.
Result:
Empty frames require no extra processing.
Motivation:
DefaultHeaders creates an array of size 16 for all headers. This may waste a good deal of memory if applications only have a small number of headers. This memory may be critical when the number of connections grows large.
Modifications:
- Make the size of the array for DefaultHeaders configurable
Result:
Applications can control the size of the DefaultHeaders array and save memory.
Motivation:
The current priority algorithm can yield poor per-stream goodput when either the number of streams is high or the connection window is small. When all priorities are the same (i.e. priority is disabled), we should be able to do better.
Modifications:
Added a new UniformStreamByteDistributor that ignores priority entirely and manages a queue of streams. Each stream is allocated a minimum of 1KiB on each iteration.
Result:
Improved goodput when priority is not used.
Motivation:
The `DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController` does not correctly determine `hasFrame` when updating the stream state for the distributor. Adding a check to enforce `hasFrame` when `streamableBytes > 0` causes several test failures.
Modifications:
Modified `DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController` to simplify the writing logic and to correct the bookkeeping for `hasFrame`.
Result:
The distributors are always called with valid arguments.
Motivation:
The twitter hpack project does not have the support that it used to have. See discussion here: https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4403.
Modifications:
Created a new module in Netty and copied the latest from twitter hpack master.
Result:
Netty no longer depends on twitter hpack.
Motivation:
Recently a bug was found in DefaultHttp2Headers where the state of the headers could be corrupted due to the extra tracking to make pseudo headers first during iteration. Unit tests did not catch this bug.
Modifications:
- Update unit tests to cover more methods
Result:
Unit tests for DefaultHttp2Headers have better code coverage.
Motivation:
For many HTTP/2 applications (such as gRPC) it is necessary to autorefill the connection window in order to prevent application-level deadlocking.
Consider an application with 2 streams, A and B. A receives a stream of messages and the application pops off one message at a time and makes a request on stream B. However, if receiving of data on A has caused the connection window to collapse, B will not be able to receive any data and the application will deadlock. The only way (currently) to get around this is 1) use multiple connections, or 2) manually refill the connection window. Both are undesirable and could needlessly complicate the application code.
Modifications:
Add a configuration option to DefaultHttp2LocalFlowController, allowing it to autorefill the connection window.
Result:
Applications can configure HTTP/2 to avoid inter-stream deadlocking.
Motivation:
PriorityStreamByteDistributor saves exception state and attempts to reset state. This could be simplified by just throwing a connection error and closing the connection. PriorityStreamByteDistributor also does not handle or detect re-entry in the distribute method.
Motivation:
- PriorityStreamByteDistributor propagate an INTERNAL_ERROR if an exception occurs during writing
- PriorityStreamByteDistributor to handle re-entry on the write method
Result:
PriorityStreamByteDistributor exception code state simplified, and re-entry is detected.
Motivation:
Http2ConnectionHandler verifies if the first frame after the preface is
a SETTINGS frame. However, it does not reject the SETTING ack frame
which is not expected actually.
Modifications:
Reject a SETTINGS-ack frame as well
Result:
When the first frame is a SETTINGS-ack frame, connection does not
proceed to further frame handling. (simplicity)
Motivation:
The HTTP/2 RFC (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-8.1.2) indicates that header names consist of ASCII characters. We currently use ByteString to represent HTTP/2 header names. The HTTP/2 RFC (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-10.3) also eludes to header values inheriting the same validity characteristics as HTTP/1.x. Using AsciiString for the value type of HTTP/2 headers would allow for re-use of predefined HTTP/1.x values, and make comparisons more intuitive. The Headers<T> interface could also be expanded to allow for easier use of header types which do not have the same Key and Value type.
Motivation:
- Change Headers<T> to Headers<K, V>
- Change Http2Headers<ByteString> to Http2Headers<CharSequence, CharSequence>
- Remove ByteString. Having AsciiString extend ByteString complicates equality comparisons when the hash code algorithm is no longer shared.
Result:
Http2Header types are more representative of the HTTP/2 RFC, and relationship between HTTP/2 header name/values more directly relates to HTTP/1.x header names/values.
Motivation:
Http2ConnectionHandler.BaseBuilder is constructing objects which have 'close' methods, but is not calling these methods in the event of an exception.
Modifications:
- Objects which implement 'close' should have this method called if an exception is thrown and the build operation can not complete normally.
Result:
Objects are closed even if the build process encounters an error.
Motivation:
Remove encoderMaxConcurrentStreams(...) and use the default settings. Also throw an exception if server mode is used.
Modifications:
- Remove encoderMaxConcurrentStreams(...) method
- Throw exception if server mode is used and trying to enforce conncurrent streams.
Result:
Correctly support settings stuff via builder
Motivation:
We had an unused paramter on a method, we should just remove it to keep code clean.
Modifications:
- Remove parameter
- Fix typo in javadoc
Result:
Cleanup done.
Motivation:
DefaultHttp2ConnectionDecoder writes a ACK when receiving a ping frame and sends the same data buffer it received. The data buffer is also passed to the listener, but the indexes are shared between the send and the listener. We should ensure the indexes are independent for these two operations.
Modifications:
- Call slice on the buffer that is being sent
Result:
Listener now has access to a buffer that will not appear to be already consumed.
Motivation:
Using the builder pattern for Http2ConnectionHandler (and subclasses) would be advantageous for the following reasons:
1. Provides the consistent construction afforded by the builder pattern for 'optional' arguments. Users can specify these options 1 time in the builder and then re-use the builder after this.
2. Enforces that the Http2ConnectionHandler's internals (decoder Http2FrameListener) are initialized after construction.
Modifications:
- Add an extensible builder which can be used to build Http2ConnectionHandler objects
- Update classes which inherit from Http2ConnectionHandler
Result:
It is easier to specify options and construct Http2ConnectionHandler objects.
Motivation:
It is often the case that implementations of Http2FrameListener will want to send responses when data is read. The Http2FrameListener needs access to the Http2ConnectionHandler (or the encoder contained within) to be able to send responses. However the Http2ConnectionHandler requires a Http2FrameListener instance to be passed in during construction time. This creates a cyclic dependency which can make it difficult to cleanly accomplish this relationship.
Modifications:
- Add Http2ConnectionDecoder.frameListener(..) method to set the frame listener. This will allow the listener to be set after construction.
Result:
Classes which inherit from Http2ConnectionHandler can more cleanly set the Http2FrameListener.
Motivation:
For implementations that want to manage flow control down to the stream level it is useful to be notified when stream writability changes.
Modifications:
- Add writabilityChanged to Http2RemoteFlowController.Listener
- Add isWritable to Http2RemoteFlowController
Result:
The Http2RemoteFlowController provides notification when writability of a stream changes.
Motivation:
The DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController has become very large and is getting difficult to understand and maintain. It is also desirable for some applications to be able to disable the priority algorithm altogether for performance reasons.
Modifications:
Abstract the stream byte assignment logic (renamed allocation->assignment for clarity) behind an interface `StreamByteAssigner` with a single implementation `PriorityStreamByteAssigner`.
Result:
Goes some way towards supporting #4246
Motivation:
DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController's allocation algorithm may not allocate all bytes that are available in the connection window. If the 'fair share' based upon weight is not fully used by sibling nodes it was not correctly re-distributed to other sibilings which may be able to utilize part / all of that share.
Modifications:
- Add a unit test which demonstrates the issue.
- Modify the allocation algorithm to ensure all available bytes are allocated.
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4266
Motiviation:
The http2 spec https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-8.1.2.3 states that the :authority header should be copied into the HOST header when converting from HTTP/2 to HTTP/1.x. We currently have an extension header to preserve the authority.
Modifications:
- Remove AUTHORITY extension header
- HTTP/2 :authority should map to HOST header when converting to HTTP/1.x.
Result:
More spec compliant.
Motivation:
Buffer leak in StreamBufferingEncoderTest
Modifications:
- Make sure buffers are released in StreamBufferingEncoderTest
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4230
Motivation:
Http2LifecycleManager.onException takes a Throwable as a paramter and not an Exception. There are also onConnectionError and onStreamError methods in the codec. We should rename this method to onError for consistency and clarity.
Modifications:
- Rename Http2LifecycleManager.onException to Http2LifecycleManager.onError
Result:
More consistent and clarified interface.
Motivation:
DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController attempts to write as many bytes as possible to transition the channel to not writable, and then relies on notification of channelWritabilityChange to continue writing. However the amount of bytes written by DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController may not be the same number of bytes that is actually written to the channel due to other ChannelHandlers (SslHandler, compression, etc...) in the pipeline. This means there is a potential for the DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController to be waiting for a channel writaiblity change event that will never come, and thus not write all queued data.
Modifications:
- DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController should write pending bytes until there are no more, or until the channel is not writable.
Result:
DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController will write all pending data.
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4242
Motivation:
We currently set the flow controller ChannelHandlerContexts to null when the channel becomes inactive. This is bad :)
Modifications:
Just remove that code in Http2ConnectionHandler
Result:
Fixes#4240
Motivation:
HttpConversionUtil.toHttp2Headers does not convert urlencoded uri to http2 path properly.
Modifications:
Use getRawPath(), getRawQuery(), getRawFragment() in java.net.URI when converts to http2 path
Result:
HttpConversionUtil.toHttp2Headers does not urldecode uri unproperly.
Motivation:
Http2CodecUtils has some static variables which are defined as Strings instead of CharSequence. One of these defines is used as a header name and should be AsciiString.
Modifications:
- Change the String defines in Http2CodecUtils to CharSequence
Result:
Types are more consistently using CharSequence and adding the upgrade header will require less work.
Motivation:
The DefaultHttp2Headers code is throwing a IllegalArgumentException if an invalid character is detected. This is being ignored by the HTTP/2 codec instead of generating a GOAWAY.
Modifications:
- Throw a Http2Exception of type PROTOCOL_ERROR in accordance with https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-8.1.2.6
- Update examples which were building invalid headers
Result:
More compliant with https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-8.1.2.6
Motivation:
The HTTP/2 spec states that the ping frame length must be 8 and is otherwise an error https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-6.7. The DefaultHttp2FrameReader enforces this, but the DefaultHttp2FrameWriter allows invalid frames to be written. We should not allow invalid ping frames to be written to the network.
Modifications:
- DefaultHttp2FrameWriter checks the frame size to be 8, or throws an exception
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/3721
Motivation:
Currently there is a HttpConversionUtil.addHttp2ToHttpHeaders which requires a FullHttpMessage, but this may not always be available. There is no interface that can be used with just Http2Headers and HttpHeaders.
Modifications:
- add an overload for HttpConversionUtil.addHttp2ToHttpHeaders which does not take FullHttpMessage
Result:
An overload for HttpConversionUtil.addHttp2ToHttpHeaders exists which does not require FullHttpMessage.
Motivation:
The HTTP/2 codec has a few static buffers sent over the network which are allocated on the heap. This results in a copy operation when the buffer is sent out on the network.
Modifications:
- Ensure these static buffers are allocated using direct memory.
Result:
No copy operation necessary when writing static buffers to network.
Motivaion:
The HttpHeaders and DefaultHttpHeaders have methods deprecated due to being removed in future releases, but no replacement method to use in the current release. The deprecation policy should not be so aggressive as to not provide any non-deprecated method to use.
Modifications:
- Remove deprecated annotations and javadocs from methods which are the best we can do in terms of matching the master's api for 4.1
Result:
There should be non-deprecated methods available for HttpHeaders in 4.1.
Motivation:
The HTTP/2 header name validation was removed, and does not currently exist.
Modifications:
- Header name validation for HTTP/2 should be restored and set to the default mode of operation.
Result:
HTTP/2 header names are validated according to https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540
Motivation:
The javadoc comments on Http2Headers.iterator() are incorrect.
Modifications:
- Correct and clarify the javadoc for Http2Headers.iterator()
Result:
Javadoc for Http2Headers.iterator() is more correct.
Motivation:
InboundHttp2ToHttpAdapterTest.bootstrapEnv does not wait for the serverConnectedChannel to be initialized before returning. Some methods rely only this behavior and throw a NPE because it may not be set.
Modifications:
- Add a CountDownLatch to ensure the serverConnectedChannel is initialized
Result:
No more NPE.
Motivation:
The SimplePromiseAggregator.setFailure allows a failure to occur before newPromise is called, but tryFailure doesn't. These methods should be consistent.
Modifications:
- tryFailure should use the same logic as setFailure
Result:
Consistent failure routines.
Motivation:
DefaultPropertyKey.index is currently private and accessed outside the class's scope.
Modifications:
- Change access level to package private
Result:
No chance of synthetic method generation for accessing this field
Motivation:
The latches in InboundHttp2ToHttpAdapterTest were volatile and reset during the tests. This resulted in race conditions and sometimes the tests would be waiting on old latches that were not the same latches being counted down when messages were received.
Modifications:
- Remove volatile latches from tests
Result:
More reliable tests with less race conditions.
Motivation:
There currently exists http.HttpUtil, http2.HttpUtil, and http.HttpHeaderUtil. Having 2 HttpUtil methods can be confusing and the utilty methods in the http package could be consolidated.
Modifications:
- Rename http2.HttpUtil to http2.HttpConversionUtil
- Move http.HttpHeaderUtil methods into http.HttpUtil
Result:
Consolidated utilities whose names don't overlap.
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4120
Motivation:
ByteToMessageDecoder may call decode after channelInactive is called. This will lead to a NPE.
Modifications:
- Call super.channelInactive() before we process the event in Http2ConnectionHandler
Result:
No more NPE in decode.
Motivation:
Commit 0d8ce23c83 failed to fix the Host header processing. Host is not a URI but is instead defined in https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.2 as host = IP-literal / IPv4address / reg-name
Modifications:
- Host should not be treated as a URI.
- We should be more explicit about required fields, and unexpected input by throwing exceptions.
Result:
Translation from HTTP/1.x to HTTP/2 is more correct.
Motivation:
If a SimpleChannelPromiseAggregator is failed before any new promises are generated, the failure is not propegated through to the aggregated promise.
Modifications:
- Failures should be allowed to occur even if no new promises have been generated
Result:
Failures are always allowed.
Motivation:
If any streams are still active the graceful shutdown code will wait until they are all closed before the connection is closed. In some situations this event may never occur, and thus a timeout should be supported so the socket can be closed even if all streams haven't been closed.
Modifications:
- Add a configurable timeout for when the graceful shutdown process is attempted.
- Update unit tests to be faster, and use this graceful timeout
Result:
Local endpoint can protect from local or remote issues which prevent the channel from being closed during the graceful shutdown process.
Motivation:
DefaultHttp2ConnectionEncoder.FlowControlledHeaders and DefaultHttp2ConnectionEncoder.FlowControlledData have private constructors which may result in static factory methods being generated to construct instances of these classes.
Modifications:
- Make constructors public for these private classes
Result:
Accessor for inner class constructor more correct and no possibiliy of synthetic method generation.
Motivation:
A degradation in performance has been observed from the 4.0 branch as documented in https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/3962.
Modifications:
- Simplify Headers class hierarchy.
- Restore the DefaultHeaders to be based upon DefaultHttpHeaders from 4.0.
- Make various other modifications that are causing hot spots.
Result:
Performance is now on par with 4.0.
Motivation:
The Http2ConnectionHandler was writing pending bytes, but was not flushing. This may result in deadlock.
Modifications:
- Http2ConnectionHandler must writePendingBytes and also flush.
Result:
Data is now flushed after writabilityChange writes more data to underlying layers.
Motivation:
We noticed that the headers implementation in Netty for HTTP/2 uses quite a lot of memory
and that also at least the performance of randomly accessing a header is quite poor. The main
concern however was memory usage, as profiling has shown that a DefaultHttp2Headers
not only use a lot of memory it also wastes a lot due to the underlying hashmaps having
to be resized potentially several times as new headers are being inserted.
This is tracked as issue #3600.
Modifications:
We redesigned the DefaultHeaders to simply take a Map object in its constructor and
reimplemented the class using only the Map primitives. That way the implementation
is very concise and hopefully easy to understand and it allows each concrete headers
implementation to provide its own map or to even use a different headers implementation
for processing requests and writing responses i.e. incoming headers need to provide
fast random access while outgoing headers need fast insertion and fast iteration. The
new implementation can support this with hardly any code changes. It also comes
with the advantage that if the Netty project decides to add a third party collections library
as a dependency, one can simply plug in one of those very fast and memory efficient map
implementations and get faster and smaller headers for free.
For now, we are using the JDK's TreeMap for HTTP and HTTP/2 default headers.
Result:
- Significantly fewer lines of code in the implementation. While the total commit is still
roughly 400 lines less, the actual implementation is a lot less. I just added some more
tests and microbenchmarks.
- Overall performance is up. The current implementation should be significantly faster
for insertion and retrieval. However, it is slower when it comes to iteration. There is simply
no way a TreeMap can have the same iteration performance as a linked list (as used in the
current headers implementation). That's totally fine though, because when looking at the
benchmark results @ejona86 pointed out that the performance of the headers is completely
dominated by insertion, that is insertion is so significantly faster in the new implementation
that it does make up for several times the iteration speed. You can't iterate what you haven't
inserted. I am demonstrating that in this spreadsheet [1]. (Actually, iteration performance is
only down for HTTP, it's significantly improved for HTTP/2).
- Memory is down. The implementation with TreeMap uses on avg ~30% less memory. It also does not
produce any garbage while being resized. In load tests for GRPC we have seen a memory reduction
of up to 1.2KB per RPC. I summarized the memory improvements in this spreadsheet [1]. The data
was generated by [2] using JOL.
- While it was my original intend to only improve the memory usage for HTTP/2, it should be similarly
improved for HTTP, SPDY and STOMP as they all share a common implementation.
[1] https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ck3RQklyzEcCLlyJoqDXPCWRGVUuS-ArZf0etSXLVDQ/edit#gid=0
[2] https://gist.github.com/buchgr/4458a8bdb51dd58c82b4
Motivation:
The DataCompressionHttp2Test was exiting prematurely leading to unit test failures.
Modifications:
- Fix the race condition so the test does not evaluate final conditions until all expected events occur
Result:
Unit test no longer fails
Motivation:
When looking through the logs for entries pertaining to a specific stream, it's difficult because header entries use the syntax "streamId:<id>" but all other entries use "streamId=<id>". We should make all of the entries consistent.
Modifications:
Changed header entries to use "streamId=<id>" to match the other entries.
Result:
Easier HTTP/2 log navigation.
Motivation:
We should support XXXCollections methods for all primitive map types.
Modifications:
Removed PrimitiveCollections and added a template for XXXCollections.
Result:
Fixes#4001
Motivation:
It would be useful to support the Java `Map` interface in our primitive maps.
Modifications:
Renamed current methods to "pXXX", where p is short for "primitive". Made the template for all primitive maps extend the appropriate Map interface.
Result:
Fixes#3970
Motivation:
HttpToHttp2ConnectionHandler only converts FullHttpMessage to HTTP/2 Frames. This does not support other use cases such as adding a HttpContentCompressor to the pipeline, which writes HttpMessage and HttpContent.
Additionally HttpToHttp2ConnectionHandler ignores converting and sending HTTP trailing headers, which is a bug as the HTTP/2 spec states that they should be sent.
Modifications:
Update HttpToHttp2ConnectionHandler to support converting HttpMessage and HttpContent to HTTP/2 Frames.
Additionally, include an extra call to writeHeaders if the message includes trailing headers
Result:
One can now write HttpMessage and HttpContent (http chunking) down the pipeline and they will be converted to HTTP/2 Frames. If any trailing headers exist, they will be converted and sent as well.
Motivation:
The bufferingNewStreamFailsAfterGoAwayReceived method currently causes an NPE.
Modifications:
Fixed the test so that a valid ByteBuf is passed in.
Result:
The test no longer throws an NPE.
Motivation:
It is currently assumed that all usages of the HTTP/2 codec will be from the same event loop context. If the methods are used outside of the assumed thread context then unexpected behavior is observed. This assumption should be more clearly communicated and enforced in key areas.
Modifications:
- The flow controller interfaces have assert statements and updated javadocs indicating the assumptions.
Result:
Interfaces more clearly indicate thread context limitations.
Motivation:
The CompressorHttp2ConnectionEncoder is attempting to attach a property to streams before the exist.
Modifications:
- Allow the super class to create the streams before attempting to attach a property to the stream.
Result:
CompressorHttp2ConnectionEncoder is able to set the property and access the compressor.
Motivation:
See #3783
Modifications:
- The DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController should use Channel.isWritable() before attempting to do any write operations.
- The Flow controller methods should no longer take ChannelHandlerContext. The concept of flow control is tied to a connection and we do not support 1 flow controller keeping track of multiple ChannelHandlerContext.
Result:
Writes are delayed until isWritable() is true. Flow controller interface methods are more clear as to ChannelHandlerContext restrictions.
Motivation:
The MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE of SETTINGS is represented by
unsigned 32-bit value and this value isn't limited in RFC7540.
But in current implementation, its stored to int variable so
over 2^31-1 value is recognized as minus and handled as
PROTOCOL_ERROR.
Modifications:
If a value of MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE is larger than 2^31-1, its
handled as 2^31-1
Result:
Over 2^31-1 MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE is became acceptable
Motivation:
Slicing a mutable CompositeByteBuf is not the appropriate mechanism to use to track and release buffers that have been written to a channel.
In particular buffers passed over an Embedded or LocalChannel are retained after the ChannelPromise is completed and listening to the
promise to consolidate a CompositeBuffer breaks slices taken from the composite as the offset indices have changed.
In addition CoalescingBufferQueue handles taking arbitrarily sized slices of a sequence of buffers more efficiently.
Modifications:
Convert FlowControlledData to use a CoalescingBufferQueue to handle merging data writes.
Result:
HTTP2 works over LocalChannel and code is considerably simpler.
Motivation:
Sometimes people use a data frame with length 0 to end a stream(such as jetty http2-server). So it is possible that data.readableBytes and padding are all 0 for a data frame, and cause an IllegalArgumentException when calling flowController.consumeBytes.
Modifications:
Return false when numBytes == 0 instead of throwing IllegalArgumentException.
Result:
Fix IllegalArgumentException.
Motivation:
The problem is described in https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/issues/605. Basically, when using `StreamBufferingEncoder` there is a chance of creating zombie streams that never get closed.
Modifications:
Change `Http2ConnectionHandler`'s `channelInactive` handling logic to shutdown the encoder/decoder before shutting down the active streams.
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/issues/605
Motivation:
Http2ConnectionHandler missed to forward channelReadComplete(...) events.
Modifications:
Ensure we notify the next handler in the pipeline via ctx.fireChannelReadComplete().
Result:
Correctly forwarding of event.
Motivation:
The Http2FrameListener requires that the Http2FrameReader accumulate ByteBuf objects. There is currently no way to limit the amount of bytes that is accumulated.
Motiviation:
- DefaultHttp2FrameReader supports maxHeaderSize which will fail fast as soon as the maximum size is exceeded.
- DefaultHttp2HeadersDecoder will respect the return value of endHeaderBlock() and fail if the max size is exceeded.
Result:
Frames which carry header data now respect a maximum number of bytes that can be accumulated.
Motivation:
If server sends SETTINGS with ENABLE_PUSH, its handled as
PROTOCOL_ERROR in spite of the value. But the value specified to
0 may be allowed in RFC7540.
Modifications:
Check whether ENABLE_PUSH sent from a server is 0 or not.
Result:
When server specifies ENABLE_PUSH to 0 explicitly, client doesn't
handle it as PROTOCOL_ERROR.
Motivation:
NPE doesn't cause the tests to fail but should get fixed.
Modifications:
Modified the StreamBufferingEncoderTest to mock the ctx to return a promise.
Result:
Fixes#3905
Motivation:
Coalescing many small writes into a larger DATA frame reduces framing overheads on the wire and reduces the number of calls to Http2FrameListeners on the remote side.
Delaying the write of WINDOW_UPDATE until flush allows for more consumed bytes to be returned as the aggregate of consumed bytes is returned and not the amount consumed when the threshold was crossed.
Modifications:
- Remote flow controller no longer immediately writes bytes when a flow-controlled payload is enqueued. Sequential data payloads are now merged into a single CompositeByteBuf which are written when 'writePendingBytes' is called.
- Listener added to remote flow-controller which observes written bytes per stream.
- Local flow-controller no longer immediately writes WINDOW_UPDATE when the ratio threshold is crossed. Now an explicit call to 'writeWindowUpdates' triggers the WINDOW_UPDATE for all streams who's ratio is exceeded at that time. This results in
fewer window updates being sent and more bytes being returned.
- Http2ConnectionHandler.flush triggers 'writeWindowUpdates' on the local flow-controller followed by 'writePendingBytes' on the remote flow-controller so WINDOW_UPDATES preceed DATA frames on the wire.
Result:
- Better throughput for writing many small DATA chunks followed by a flush, saving 9-bytes per coalesced frame.
- Fewer WINDOW_UPDATES being written and more flow-control bytes returned to remote side more quickly, thereby improving throughput.
Motivation:
Bootstrap of the HTTP/2 can take a lot of paths and a lot of things can go wrong in the initial handshakes leading up to establishment of HTTP/2 between client and server. There have been many times where handshakes have failed silently, leading to very cryptic errors that are hard to debug.
Modifications:
Changed the HTTP/2 handler and decoder to ensure that the very first data on the wire (WRT HTTP/2) is SETTINGS/preface+SETTINGS. When this is not the case, a connection error is thrown with the bytes that were found instead.
Result:
Fixes#3880
Related: #3814
Motivation:
To implement the support for an upgrade from cleartext HTTP/1.1
connection to cleartext HTTP/2 (h2c) connection, a user usually uses
HttpServerUpgradeHandler.
It does its job, but it requires a user to instantiate the UpgradeCodecs
for all supported protocols upfront. It means redundancy for the
connections that are not upgraded.
Modifications:
- Change the constructor of HttpServerUpgradeHandler
- Accept UpgraceCodecFactory instead of UpgradeCodecs
- The default constructor of HttpServerUpgradeHandler sets the
maxContentLength to 0 now, which shouldn't be a problem because a
usual upgrade request is a GET.
- Update the examples accordingly
Result:
A user can instantiate Http2ServerUpgradeCodec and its related objects
(Http2Connection, Http2FrameReader/Writer, Http2FrameListener, etc) only
when necessary.
Motivation:
Our HTTP/2 implementation sometimes uses hard-coded handler names when
adding/removing a handler to/from a pipeline. It's not really a good
idea because it can easily result in name clashes. Unless there is a
good reason, we need to use the reference to the handlers
Modifications:
- Allow null as a handler name for Http2Client/ServerUpgradeCodec
- Use null as the default upgrade handler name
- Do not use handler name strings in some test cases and examples
Result:
Fixes#3815
Related: #3871
Motivation:
StreamBufferingEncoderTest does not release when writeGoAway() is
called.
Modifications:
Release the buffer in mock object arguments
Result:
No buffer leak
Motiviation:
https://github.com/netty/netty/pull/3865 was merged from a machine with old code. A test case that was updates was not merged.
Modifications:
- Merge the missing test case updates
Result:
Test case no longer fails.
Motiviation:
The connection handler stream close operation is unconditionally adding a listener object to a future. We may not have to add a listener at all because the future has already been completed.
Modifications:
- If the future is done, directly invoke the logic without creating/adding a new listener.
Result:
No need to create/add listener if the future is already done in close logic.
Motivation:
gRPC's BufferingHttp2ConnectionEncoder is a generic utility that simplifies client-side applications that want to allow stream creation without worrying about violating the SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS limit. Since it's not gRPC-specific it makes sense to move it into Netty proper.
Modifications:
Adding the BufferingHttp2ConnectionEncoder and it's unit test.
Result:
Netty now supports buffering stream creation.
Motivation:
SpdyOrHttpChooser and Http2OrHttpChooser duplicate fair amount code with each other.
Modification:
- Replace SpdyOrHttpChooser and Http2OrHttpChooser with ApplicationProtocolNegotiationHandler
- Add ApplicationProtocolNames to define the known application-level protocol names
Result:
- Less code duplication
- A user can perform dynamic pipeline configuration that follows ALPN/NPN for any protocols.
Related: #3641 and #3813
Motivation:
When setting up an HTTP/1 or HTTP/2 (or SPDY) pipeline, a user usually
ends up with adding arbitrary set of handlers.
Http2OrHttpChooser and SpdyOrHttpChooser have two abstract methods
(create*Handler()) that expect a user to return a single handler, and
also have add*Handlers() methods that add the handler returned by
create*Handler() to the pipeline as well as the pre-defined set of
handlers.
The problem is, some users (read: I) don't need all of them or the
user wants to add more than one handler. For example, take a look at
io.netty.example.http2.tiles.Http2OrHttpHandler, which works around
this issue by overriding addHttp2Handlers() and making
createHttp2RequestHandler() a no-op.
Modifications:
- Replace add*Handlers() and create*Handler() with configure*()
- Rename getProtocol() to selectProtocol() to make what it does clear
- Provide the default implementation of selectProtocol()
- Remove SelectedProtocol.UNKNOWN and use null instead, because
'UNKNOWN' is not a protocol
- Proper exception handling in the *OrHttpChooser so that the
exception is logged and the connection is closed when failed to
select a protocol
- Make SpdyClient example always use SSL. It was always using SSL
anyway.
- Implement SslHandshakeCompletionEvent.toString() for debuggability
- Remove an orphaned class: JettyNpnSslSession
- Add SslHandler.applicationProtocol() to get the name of the
application protocol
- SSLSession.getProtocol() now returns transport-layer protocol name
only, so that it conforms to its contract.
Result:
- *OrHttpChooser have better API.
- *OrHttpChooser handle protocol selection failure properly.
- SSLSession.getProtocol() now conforms to its contract.
- SpdyClient example works with SpdyServer example out of the box
Motivation:
There is currently no good way to configure the initial SETTINGS frame. The individual settings can be configured on the various components, but doing this bypasses the proper setting update logic in the encoder.
Modifications:
Updated Http2ConnectionHandler to optionally take initial settings in the constructor. If not provided, it will default to current behavior.
Result:
Easy manual configuration of initial settings.
Motivation:
The Http2OutboundFrameLogger logs all PING frames as not acks.
Modifications:
Changed the logger to correctly log PING acks.
Result:
PING acks are logged correctly.
Motiviation:
The Http2ConnectionHandler is incrementing the reference count in the goAway method for the debugData buffer after it has already been sent and maybe consumed. This may result in an IllegalRefCountException to be thrown. The unit tests also encounter buffer leaks because they have not been updated to invoke the listener which releases the buffer in the goAway method.
Modifications:
- The retain() call should be before the frameWriter().writeGoAway(...) call
- The unit tests which call goAway must also invoke the operationComplete(..) method for the listener.
Result:
No IllegalRefCountException. Less buffer leaks in tests.
Motivation:
If headers are sent on a stream that does not yet exist and the END_STREAM flag is set we will send a RST_STREAM frame. We should send the HEADERS frame and no RST_STREAM.
Modifications:
DefaultHttp2RemoteFlowController should allow frames to be sent if stream is created in the 'half closed (local)' state.
Result:
We can send HEADERS frame with the END_STREAM flag sent without sending a RST_STREAM frame.
Motivation:
There were a few outstanding comments that were left unaddressed after committing the changes for #3749.
Modifications:
Changes to Http2ConnectionHandler.goAway():
- Retaining the debugData buffer, rather than always converting it to a string immediately.
- Changing log level for sending a GOAWAY with error to debug.
Result:
Remaining comments from #3749 are addressed.
Motivation:
Currently the graceful shutdown of the HTTP/2 connection waits until there are no active streams. There may be use cases that buffer stream creation (due to limits imposed by MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS), in which case they may still want those streams to complete before closing.
Modifications:
Added a isGracefulShutdownComplete method to Http2ConnectionHandler, which can be overridden by a subclass.
Result:
Graceful shutdown logic can be overridden.
Motivation:
If the client closes, a GOWAY is sent with a lastKnownStream of zero (since the remote side never created a stream). If there is still an exchange in progress, inbound frames for streams created by the client will be ignored because our ignore logic doesn't check to see if the stream was created by the remote endpoint. Frames for streams created by the local endpoint should continue to come through after sending GOAWAY.
Modifications:
Changed the decoder's streamCreatedAfterGoAwaySent logic to properly ensure that the stream was created remotely.
Result:
We now propertly process frames received after sending GOAWAY.
Motivation:
The isDone method is currently broken in the aggregator because the doneAllocatingPromises accidentally calls the overridden version of setSuccess, rather than calling the base class version. This causes the base class's version to never be called since allowNotificationEvent will evaluate to false. This means that setSuccess0 will never be set, resulting in isDone always returning false.
Modifications:
Changed setSuccess() to call the base class when appropriate, regardless of the result of allowNotificationEvent.
Result:
isDone now behaves properly for the promise aggregator.
Motivation:
Allow users of HTTP2 to control when flushes occur so they can optimize network writes.
Modifications:
Removed explicit calls to flush in encoder, decoder & flow-controller
Connection handler now calls flush on read-complete to enable batching writes in response to reads
Result:
Much less flushing occurs for normal HTTP2 request and response patterns.
Motiviation:
There are a few spots in the HTTP/2 codec where warnings were generated and can be avoided.
Modifications:
Clean up the cause of the warnings.
Result:
Less warnings.
Motivation:
The Http2ConnectionHandler incorrectly doesn't propagate channelActive and channelInactive events and thus breaks the pipeline
for other ChannelHandler.
Modification:
- Add calls to super.channelActive() and super.channelInactive().
- Remove unused methods.
Result:
- Http2ConnectionHandler can be used with other ChannelHandlers.
Motivation:
The ByteString class currently assumes the underlying array will be a complete representation of data. This is limiting as it does not allow a subsection of another array to be used. The forces copy operations to take place to compensate for the lack of API support.
Modifications:
- add arrayOffset method to ByteString
- modify all ByteString and AsciiString methods that loop over or index into the underlying array to use this offset
- update all code that uses ByteString.array to ensure it accounts for the offset
- add unit tests to test the implementation respects the offset
Result:
ByteString and AsciiString can represent a sub region of a byte[].
Motivation:
Streams currently maintain a hash map of user-defined properties, which has been shown to add significant memory overhead as well as being a performance bottleneck for lookup of frequently used properties.
Modifications:
Modifying the connection/stream to use an array as the storage of user-defined properties, indexed by the class that identifies the index into the array where the property is stored.
Result:
Stream processing performance should be improved.
Motivation:
Currently we allocate the full amount of state for each stream as soon as the stream is created, and keep that state until the stream is GC. The full set of state is only needed when the stream can support flow controlled frames. There is an opportunity to reduce the required amount of memory, and make memory eligible for GC sooner by only allocating what is necessary for flow control stream state.
Modifications:
Introduce objects which require 'less' state for local/remote flow control stream state.
Use these new objects when streams have been created but will not transition out of idle AND when streams are no longer eligible for flow controlled frame transfer but still must persist in the priority tree.
Result:
Memory allocations are reduced to what is actually needed, and memory is made eligible for GC potentially sooner.
Motivation:
The recent PR that discarded the Http2StreamRemovalPolicy causes connection errors when receiving a frame for a stream that no longer exists. We should ignore these frames if we think there's a chance that the stream has existed previously
Modifications:
Modified the Http2Connection interface to provide a `streamMayHaveExisted` method. Also removed the requireStream() method to identify all of the places in the code that need to be updated.
Modified the encoder and decoder to properly handle cases where a stream may have existed but no longer does.
Result:
Fixes#3643
Motivation:
The current local flow controller does not guarantee that unconsumed bytes for a closed stream will be restored to the connection window. This may lead to degradation of the connection window over time.
Modifications:
Modified DefaultHttp2LocalFlowController to guarantee that any unconsumed bytes are returned to the connection window as soon as the stream is closed. We also immediately consume any bytes when receiving DATA for a closed stream.
Result:
Fixes#3668
Motivation:
Flow control is a required part of the HTTP/2 specification but it is currently structured more like an optional item. It must be accessed through the property map which is time consuming and does not represent its required nature. This access pattern does not give any insight into flow control outside of the codec (or flow controller implementation).
Modifications:
1. Create a read only public interface for LocalFlowState and RemoteFlowState.
2. Add a LocalFlowState localFlowState(); and RemoteFlowState remoteFlowState(); to Http2Stream.
Result:
Flow control is not part of the Http2Stream interface. This clarifies its responsibility and logical relationship to other interfaces. The flow controller no longer must be acquired though a map lookup.
Motivation:
If an exclusive dependency change stream B should be an exclusive dependency of stream A is requested and stream B is already a child of stream A...then we will add B to B's own children map and create a circular link in the priority tree. This leads to an infinite recursive loop and a stack overflow exception.
Modifications:
-when removeAllChildren is called it should not remove the exclusive dependency.
-unit test to ensure this case is covered.
Result:
No more circular link in the priority tree.
Motivation:
While forward porting https://github.com/netty/netty/pull/3579 there were a few areas that had not been previously back ported.
Modifications:
Backport the missed areas to ensure consistency.
Result:
More consistent 4.1 and master branches.
Motivation:
The usage and code within AsciiString has exceeded the original design scope for this class. Its usage as a binary string is confusing and on the verge of violating interface assumptions in some spots.
Modifications:
- ByteString will be created as a base class to AsciiString. All of the generic byte handling processing will live in ByteString and all the special character encoding will live in AsciiString.
Results:
The AsciiString interface will be clarified. Users of AsciiString can now be clear of the limitations the class imposes while users of the ByteString class don't have to live with those limitations.
Motivation:
Due to a recent flurry of cleanup and fixes, we no longer need the stream removal policy to protect against recently removed streams. We should get rid of it.
Modifications:
Removed Http2StreamRemovalPolicy and everywhere it's used.
Result:
Fixes#3448
Motivation:
The DefaultHttp2Connection is not checking for RuntimeExceptions when invoking Http2Connection.Listener methods. This is a problem for a few reasons: 1. The state of DefaultHttp2Connection will be corrupted if a listener throws a RuntimeException. 2. If the first listener throws then no other listeners will be notified, which may further corrupt state that is updated as a result of listeners being notified.
Modifications:
- Document that RuntimeExceptions are not supported for Http2Connection.Listener methods, and will be logged as an error.
- Update DefaultHttp2Connection to handle and exception for each listener that is notified, and be sure that 1 listener throwing an exception does not prevent others from being notified.
Result:
More robust DefaultHttp2Connection.
Motivation:
Now that we have a CharObjectHashMap, we should change Http2Settings to use it.
Modifications:
Changed Http2Settings to extend CharObjectHashMap rather than IntObjectHashMap.
Result:
Http2Settings uses less memory to store keys.
Motivation:
We've removed access to the activeStreams collection, we should do the same for the children of a stream to provide a consistent interface.
Modifications:
Moved Http2StreamVisitor to a top-level interface. Removed unnecessary child operations from the Http2Stream interface so that we no longer require a map structure.
Result:
Cleaner and more consistent interface for iterating over child streams.
Motivation:
The Http2Connection interface exposes an activeStreams() method which allows direct iteration over the underlying collection. There are a few places that make copies of this collection to avoid modification while iterating, and a few places that do not make copies. The copy operation can be expensive on hot code paths and also we are not consistently iterating over the activeStreams collection.
Modifications:
- The Http2Connection interface should reduce the exposure of the underlying collection and just expose what is necessary for the interface to function. This is just a means to iterate over the collection.
- The DefaultHttp2Connection should use this new interface and protect it's internal state while iteration is occurring.
Result:
Reduction in surface area of the Http2Connection interface. Consistent iteration of the set of active streams. Concurrent modification exceptions are handled in 1 encapsulated spot.
Motivation:
1) The current implementation doesn't allow for HEADERS, DATA, PING, PRIORITY and SETTINGS
frames to be sent after GOAWAY.
2) When receiving or sending a GOAWAY frame, all streams with ids greater than the lastStreamId
of the GOAWAY frame should be closed. That's not happening.
Modifications:
1) Allow sending of HEADERS and DATA frames after GOAWAY for streams with ids < lastStreamId.
2) Always allow sending PING, PRIORITY AND SETTINGS frames.
3) Allow sending multiple GOAWAY frames with decreasing lastStreamIds.
4) After receiving or sending a GOAWAY frame, close all streams with ids > lastStreamId.
Result:
The GOAWAY handling is more correct.
Motivation:
There are methods to manipulate the prioritzable count for streams which have the '0' postfix which are designed to be used during recursion. However these methods are calling out to an external method without the '0' during the recursive process. This is doing uneccessary conditional checks during recursion.
Modifications:
Change the decrementPrioritizableForTree to decrementPrioritizableForTree0 while in recursive method.
Change the incrementPrioritizableForTree to incrementPrioritizableForTree0 while in recursive method.
Result:
Less overhead during recursive calls.
Motiviation:
The interface provided by Http2LifecycleManager is not clear as to how the writeXXX methods should behave. The implementation of this interface from the Http2ConnectionHandler's perspecitve is unclear what writeXXX means in this context.
Modifications:
- Method names in Http2LifecycleManager and Http2ConnectionHandler should be renamed and comments should clarify the interfaces.
Results:
Http2LifecycleManager is more clear and Http2ConnectionHandler's implementation makes sense w.r.t to return values.
Motivation:
The HTTP/2 headers code should be using binary string (currently AsciiString) objects instead of String objects. The DefaultHttp2HeadersEncoder was still using String for sensitiveHeaders.
Modifications:
- Remove the usage of String from DefaultHttp2HeadersEncoder.
- Introduce an interface to determine if a header name/value is sensitive or not to 1. prevent necessarily creating/copying sets. 2. Allow the name/value to be considered when checking if sensitive.
Result:
No more String in DefaultHttp2HeadersEncoder and less required set creation/operations.
