* Decouble EventLoop details from the IO handling for each transport to allow easy re-use of code and customization
Motiviation:
As today extending EventLoop implementations to add custom logic / metrics / instrumentations is only possible in a very limited way if at all. This is due the fact that most implementations are final or even package-private. That said even if these would be public there are the ability to do something useful with these is very limited as the IO processing and task processing are very tightly coupled. All of the mentioned things are a big pain point in netty 4.x and need improvement.
Modifications:
This changeset decoubled the IO processing logic from the task processing logic for the main transport (NIO, Epoll, KQueue) by introducing the concept of an IoHandler. The IoHandler itself is responsible to wait for IO readiness and process these IO events. The execution of the IoHandler itself is done by the SingleThreadEventLoop as part of its EventLoop processing. This allows to use the same EventLoopGroup (MultiThreadEventLoupGroup) for all the mentioned transports by just specify a different IoHandlerFactory during construction.
Beside this core API change this changeset also allows to easily extend SingleThreadEventExecutor / SingleThreadEventLoop to add custom logic to it which then can be reused by all the transports. The ideas are very similar to what is provided by ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor (that is part of the JDK). This allows for example things like:
* Adding instrumentation / metrics:
* how many Channels are registered on an SingleThreadEventLoop
* how many Channels were handled during the IO processing in an EventLoop run
* how many task were handled during the last EventLoop / EventExecutor run
* how many outstanding tasks we have
...
...
* Implementing custom strategies for choosing the next EventExecutor / EventLoop to use based on these metrics.
* Use different Promise / Future / ScheduledFuture implementations
* decorate Runnable / Callables when submitted to the EventExecutor / EventLoop
As a lot of functionalities are folded into the MultiThreadEventLoopGroup and SingleThreadEventLoopGroup this changeset also removes:
* AbstractEventLoop
* AbstractEventLoopGroup
* EventExecutorChooser
* EventExecutorChooserFactory
* DefaultEventLoopGroup
* DefaultEventExecutor
* DefaultEventExecutorGroup
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/8514 .
Motivation:
We can use the diamond operator these days.
Modification:
Use diamond operator whenever possible.
Result:
More modern code and less boiler-plate.
Motiviation:
Because of how we implemented the registration / deregistration of an EventLoop it was not possible to wrap an EventLoop implementation and use it with a Channel.
Modification:
- Introduce EventLoop.Unsafe which is responsible for the actual registration.
- Move validation of EventLoop / Channel combo to the EventLoop
- Add unit test that verifies that wrapping works
Result:
Be able to wrap an EventLoop and so add some extra functionality.
Motivation:
At the moment it’s possible to have a Channel in Netty that is not registered / assigned to an EventLoop until register(...) is called. This is suboptimal as if the Channel is not registered it is also not possible to do anything useful with a ChannelFuture that belongs to the Channel. We should think about if we should have the EventLoop as a constructor argument of a Channel and have the register / deregister method only have the effect of add a Channel to KQueue/Epoll/... It is also currently possible to deregister a Channel from one EventLoop and register it with another EventLoop. This operation defeats the threading model assumptions that are wide spread in Netty, and requires careful user level coordination to pull off without any concurrency issues. It is not a commonly used feature in practice, may be better handled by other means (e.g. client side load balancing), and therefore we propose removing this feature.
Modifications:
- Change all Channel implementations to require an EventLoop for construction ( + an EventLoopGroup for all ServerChannel implementations)
- Remove all register(...) methods from EventLoopGroup
- Add ChannelOutboundInvoker.register(...) which now basically means we want to register on the EventLoop for IO.
- Change ChannelUnsafe.register(...) to not take an EventLoop as parameter (as the EventLoop is supplied on custruction).
- Change ChannelFactory to take an EventLoop to create new Channels and introduce ServerChannelFactory which takes an EventLoop and one EventLoopGroup to create new ServerChannel instances.
- Add ServerChannel.childEventLoopGroup()
- Ensure all operations on the accepted Channel is done in the EventLoop of the Channel in ServerBootstrap
- Change unit tests for new behaviour
Result:
A Channel always has an EventLoop assigned which will never change during its life-time. This ensures we are always be able to call any operation on the Channel once constructed (unit the EventLoop is shutdown). This also simplifies the logic in DefaultChannelPipeline a lot as we can always call handlerAdded / handlerRemoved directly without the need to wait for register() to happen.
Also note that its still possible to deregister a Channel and register it again. It's just not possible anymore to move from one EventLoop to another (which was not really safe anyway).
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/8513.
Motivation:
How we did the mapping from native code to AbstractKQueueChannel was not safe and could lead to heap corruption. This then sometimes produced ClassCastExceptions or could also lead to crashes. This happened sometimes when running the testsuite.
Modifications:
Use a Map for the mapping (just as we do in the native epoll transport).
Result:
No more heap corruption / crashes.
* Handling AUTO_READ should not be the responsibility of DefaultChannelPipeline but the Channel itself.
Motivation:
At the moment we do automatically call read() in the DefaultChannelPipeline when fireChannelReadComplete() / fireChannelActive() is called and the Channel is using auto read. This is nice in terms of sharing code but imho is not the responsibility of the ChannelPipeline implementation but the responsibility of the Channel implementation.
Modifications:
Move handing of auto read from DefaultChannelPipeline to Channel implementations.
Result:
More clear responsibiliy and not depending on implemention details of the ChannelPipeline.
Motivation:
Most of the maven modules do not explicitly declare their
dependencies and rely on transitivity, which is not always correct.
Modifications:
For all maven modules, add all of their dependencies to pom.xml
Result:
All of the (essentially non-transitive) depepdencies of the modules are explicitly declared in pom.xml
Motivation:
MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.6 needs to be used as everything before is not supported in 10.14 anymore. 10.6 was released 2009 so this should be a safe thing to do.
Modifications:
Use MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.6
Result:
Be able to compile on MacOS 10.14
Motivation:
Add an option (through a SelectStrategy return code) to have the Netty event loop thread to do busy-wait on the epoll.
The reason for this change is to avoid the context switch cost that comes when the event loop thread is blocked on the epoll_wait() call.
On average, the context switch has a penalty of ~13usec.
This benefits both:
The latency when reading from a socket
Scheduling tasks to be executed on the event loop thread.
The tradeoff, when enabling this feature, is that the event loop thread will be using 100% cpu, even when inactive.
Modification:
Added SelectStrategy option to return BUSY_WAIT
Epoll loop will do a epoll_wait() with no timeout
Use pause instruction to hint to processor that we're in a busy loop
Result:
When enabled, minimizes impact of context switch in the critical path
Motivation
The EpollChannelConfig (same for KQueues) and its subclasses repeatetly declare their own channel field which leads to a 3x repetition for each config instance. Given the fields are protected or package-private it's exposing the code code to "field hiding" bugs.
Modifications
Use the the existing protected channel field from the DefaultChannelConfig class and simply cast it when needed.
Result
Fixes#8331
Motivation:
We should ensure we call *UnLoad when we detect an error during calling *OnLoad and previous *OnLoad calls were succesfull.
Modifications:
Correctly call *UnLoad when needed.
Result:
More correct code and no leaks when an error happens during loading the native lib.
* Allow to use native transports when sun.misc.Unsafe is not present on the system
Motivation:
We should be able to use the native transports (epoll / kqueue) even when sun.misc.Unsafe is not present on the system. This is especially important as Java11 will be released soon and does not allow access to it by default.
Modifications:
- Correctly disable usage of sun.misc.Unsafe when -PnoUnsafe is used while running the build
- Correctly increment metric when UnpooledDirectByteBuf is allocated. This was uncovered once -PnoUnsafe usage was fixed.
- Implement fallbacks in all our native transport code for when sun.misc.Unsafe is not present.
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/8229.
Motivation:
We should support to load multiple shaded versions of the same netty artifact as netty is often used in multiple dependencies.
This is related to https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/7272.
Modifications:
- Use -fvisibility=hidden when compiling and use JNIEXPORT for things we really want to have exported
- Ensure fields are declared as static so these are not exported
- Adjust testsuite-shading to use install_name_tool on MacOS to change the id of the lib. Otherwise the wrong may be used.
Result:
Be able to use multiple shaded versions of the same netty artifact.
Motivation:
Epoll and Kqueue channels have internal state which forces
a single read operation after channel construction. This
violates the Channel#read() interface which indicates that
data shouldn't be delivered until this method is called.
The behavior is also inconsistent with the NIO transport.
Modifications:
- Epoll and Kqueue shouldn't unconditionally read upon
initialization, and instead should rely upon Channel#read()
or auto_read.
Result:
Epoll and Kqueue are more consistent with NIO.
Motivation:
We should allow to schedule tasks with a delay up to Long.MAX_VALUE as we did pre 4.1.25.Final.
Modifications:
Just ensure we not overflow and put the correct max limits in place when schedule a timer. At worse we will get a wakeup to early and then schedule a new timeout.
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/7970.
* Read until all data is consumed when EOF is detected even if readPending is false and auto-read is disabled.
Motivation:
We should better always notify the user of EOF even if the user did not request any data as otherwise we may never be notified when the remote peer closes the connection. This should be ok as the amount of extra data we may read and so fire through the pipeline is limited by SO_RECVBUF.
Modifications:
- Always drain the socket when EOF is detected.
- Add testcase
Result:
No risk for the user to be not notified of EOF.
Motivation:
Sometimes it's useful to disable native transports / native ssl to debug a problem. We should allow to do so with a system property so people not need to adjust code for this.
Modifications:
Add system properties which allow to disable native transport and native ssl.
Result:
Easier to disable native code usage without code changes.
Motivation:
Using a very huge delay when calling schedule(...) may cause an Selector error when calling select(...) later on. We should gaurd against such a big value.
Modifications:
- Add guard against a very huge value.
- Added tests.
Result:
Fixes [#7365]
Motivation:
AbstractNioByteChannel will detect that the remote end of the socket has
been closed and propagate a user event through the pipeline. However if
the user has auto read on, or calls read again, we may propagate the
same user events again. If the underlying transport continuously
notifies us that there is read activity this will happen in a spin loop
which consumes unnecessary CPU.
Modifications:
- AbstractNioByteChannel's unsafe read() should check if the input side
of the socket has been shutdown before processing the event. This is
consistent with EPOLL and KQUEUE transports.
- add unit test with @normanmaurer's help, and make transports consistent with respect to user events
Result:
No more read spin loop in NIO when the channel is half closed.
Motivation:
The flush task is currently using flush() which will have the affect of have the flush traverse the whole ChannelPipeline and also flush messages that were written since we gave up flushing. This is not really correct as we should only continue to flush messages that were flushed at the point in time when the flush task was submitted for execution if the user not explicit call flush() by him/herself.
Modification:
Call *Unsafe.flush0() via the flush task which will only continue flushing messages that were marked as flushed before.
Result:
More correct behaviour when the flush task is used.
Motivation:
KQueue implementations current have inconsistent behavior with Epoll implementations with respect to asynchronous sockets and connecting. In the Epoll transport we attempt to connect, if the connect call does not synchornously fail/succeed we set the EPOLLOUT which will be triggered by the kernel if the connection attempt succeeds or an error occurs. The connect API provides no way to asynchronously communicate an error so the Epoll implementation fires a EPOLLOUT event and puts the connect status in getsockopt(SO_ERROR). KQueue provides the same APIs but different behavior. If the EVFILT_WRITE is not enabled and the EVFILT_READ is enabled before connect is called, and there is an error the kernel may fire the EVFILT_READ filter and provide the Connection Refused error via read(). This is even true if we set the EVFILT_WRITE filter after calling connect because connect didn't synchornously complete. After the error has been delievered via read() a call to getsockopt(SO_ERROR) will return 0 indicating there is no error. This means we cannot rely upon the KQueue based kernel to deliver connection errors via the EVFILT_WRITE filter in the same way that the linux kernel does with the EPOLLOUT flag.
ce241bd introduced a change which depends upon the behavior of the EVFILT_WRITE being set and may prematurely stop writing to the OS as a result, becaues we assume the OS will notify us when the socket is writable. However the current work around for the above described behavior is to initialize the EVFILT_WRITE to true for connection oriented protocols. This leads to prematurely exiting from the flush() which may lead to deadlock.
Modifications:
- KQueue should check when an error is obtained from read() if the connectPromise has not yet been completed, and if not complete it with a ConnectException
Result:
No more deadlock in KQueue due to asynchronous connect workaround.
Motivation:
b215794de3 recently introduced a change in behavior where writeSpinCount provided a limit for how many write operations were attempted per flush operation. However when the write quantum was meet the selector write flag was not cleared, and the channel unsafe flush0 method has an optimization which prematurely exits if the write flag is set. This may lead to no write progress being made under the following scenario:
- flush is called, but the socket can't accept all data, we set the write flag
- the selector wakes us up because the socket is writable, we write data and use the writeSpinCount quantum
- we then schedule a flush() on the EventLoop to execute later, however it the flush0 optimization prematurely exits because the write flag is still set
In this scenario the socket is still writable so the EventLoop may never notify us that the socket is writable, and therefore we may never attempt to flush data to the OS.
Modifications:
- When the writeSpinCount quantum is exceeded we should clear the selector write flag
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/7729
Motivation:
IovArray implements MessageProcessor, and the processMessage method will continue to be called during iteration until it returns true. A recent commit b215794de3 changed the return value to only return true if any component of a CompositeByteBuf was added as a result of the method call. However this results in the iteration continuing, and potentially subsequent smaller buffers maybe added, which will result in out of order writes and generally corrupts data.
Modifications:
- IovArray#add should return false so that the MessageProcessor#processMessage will stop iterating.
Result:
Native transports which use IovArray will not corrupt data during gathering writes of CompositeByteBuf objects.
