Motivation
The recycling ratio is currently implemented by comparing with a masked
count. The mask operation is not free and also not necessary.
Modification
Change the count(s) to just iterate over the corresponding interval,
which requires only a comparison and no mask.
Also make "first time recycle" behaviour consistent and revert change to
RecyclerTest made in #9727.
Result
Less recycling overhead
Motivation:
We can move some methods etc to make encapsulation better in Recycler
Modifications:
Move / rename methods to make usage more clear
Result:
Code cleanup
Motivation:
At the moment we only enfore ratioMask for the Stack which means that we only guard against recycle burts when recycled from the same Thread. We should also enforce the ratioMask in the WeakOrderQueue so we also guard against the bursts when recycle from other threads.
Modifications:
- Keep counter in WeakOrderQueue to enforce ratioMask as well
- Adjust unit test
Result:
Better guard against recycle bursts which could pollute the heap unnecessary.
Motivation
Currently the visibility of the various Recycler inner classes and their
fields isn't optimal. Some private members are accessed by other classes
resulting in synthetic methods, and other non-private classes/members
are only accessed privately and so can be made private.
Modifications
- Increase/reduce visibility of various fields/methods/classes within
Recycler
- Have WeakOrderQueue extend WeakReference<Thread> to eliminate the
owner field
- Change local DefaultHandle var to DefaultHandle<?> to avoid raw type
compiler warning
Result
Tidier code, fewer implicit methods on hot paths (reducing inlining
depths)
Motivation:
We currently use a finalizer to ensure we correctly return the reserved back to the Stack but this is not really needed as we can ensure we return it when needed before dropping the WeakOrderQueue
Modifications:
Use explicit method call to ensure we return the reserved space back before dropping the object
Result:
Less finalizer usage and so less work for the GC
Motivation:
We null out the element in the array after we decrement the current size of the Stack but not directly write back the updated size to the stored field. This is problematic as we do some validation before we write it back and so may never do so if the validation fails. This then later can lead to have null objects returned where not expected
Modifications:
Update size directly after null out object
Result:
No more unexpected null value possible
##Motivation
The InternalLoggerFactory attempts to instantiate different logger
implementations to discover what is available on the class path,
accepting the first implementation that does not throw an exception.
Currently, the default ordering will attempt to instantiate a Log4j1
logger before Log4j2. For environments where both Log4j1 and Log4j2 are
available, this will result in using the older version. It seems that it
would be more intuitive to prefer the newer version, when possible.
##Modifications
Change the default ordering to attempt to use the Log4J2LoggerFactory
before the Log4JLoggerFactory.
##Result
For environments where both Log4j1 and Log4j2 are available on the class
path (but Slf4J is not available), Netty will now use Log4j2 instead of
Log4j1.
Motivation:
If maxDelayedQueues == 0 we should never put any WeakHashMap into the FastThreadLocal for a Thread.
Modifications:
Check if maxDelayedQueues == 0 and if so return directly. This will ensure we never call FastThreadLocal.initialValue() in this case
Result:
Less overhead / memory usage when maxDelayedQueues == 0
Motivation:
At the moment we directly extend the Recycler base class in our code which makes it hard to experiment with different Object pool implementation. It would be nice to be able to switch from one to another by using a system property in the future. This would also allow to more easily test things like https://github.com/netty/netty/pull/8052.
Modifications:
- Introduce ObjectPool class with static method that we now use internally to obtain an ObjectPool implementation.
- Wrap the Recycler into an ObjectPool and return it for now
Result:
Preparation for different ObjectPool implementations
Motivation:
We do not correct guard against the gact that when applying our workaround for windows we may end up with a 0 sleep period. In this case we should just sleep for 1 ms.
Modifications:
Guard agains the case when our calculation will produce 0 as sleep time on windows
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/9710.
Motivation:
Netty is an asynchronous framework.
If somebody uses a blocking call inside Netty's event loops,
it may lead to a severe performance degradation.
BlockHound is a tool that helps detecting such calls.
Modifications:
This change adds a BlockHound's SPI integration that marks
threads created by Netty (`FastThreadLocalThread`s) as non-blocking.
It also marks some of Netty's internal methods as whitelisted
as they are required to run the event loops.
Result:
When BlockHound is installed, any blocking call inside event loops
is intercepted and reported (by default an error will be thrown).
Motivation
The current event loop shutdown logic is quite fragile and in the
epoll/NIO cases relies on the default 1 second wait/select timeout that
applies when there are no scheduled tasks. Without this default timeout
the shutdown would hang indefinitely.
The timeout only takes effect in this case because queued scheduled
tasks are first cancelled in
SingleThreadEventExecutor#confirmShutdown(), but I _think_ even this
isn't robust, since the main task queue is subsequently serviced which
could result in some new scheduled task being queued with much later
deadline.
It also means shutdowns are unnecessarily delayed by up to 1 second.
Modifications
- Add/extend unit tests to expose the issue
- Adjust SingleThreadEventExecutor shutdown and confirmShutdown methods
to explicitly add no-op tasks to the taskQueue so that the subsequent
event loop iteration doesn't enter blocking wait (as looks like was
originally intended)
Results
Faster and more robust shutdown of event loops, allows removal of the default wait timeout.
This is a port of https://github.com/netty/netty/pull/9616
Motivation:
Recycler$Stack.pop will occurs `ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException` in some race cases, we should double check `size` even after `scavenge` called.
Modifications:
Double check `size` after `scavenge`
Result:
avoid ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException in `pop`
Motiviation:
A lot of reentrancy bugs and cycles can happen because the DefaultPromise will notify the FutureListener directly when completely in the calling Thread if the Thread is the EventExecutor Thread. To reduce the risk of this we should always notify the listeners via the EventExecutor which basically means that we will put a task into the taskqueue of the EventExecutor and pick it up for execution after the setSuccess / setFailure methods complete the promise.
Modifications:
- Always notify via the EventExecutor
- Adjust test to ensure we correctly account for this
- Adjust tests that use the EmbeddedChannel to ensure we execute the scheduled work.
Result:
Reentrancy bugs related to the FutureListeners cant happen anymore.
Motivation:
peek() is implemented in a similar way to poll() for the mpsc queue, thus it is more like a consumer call.
It is possible that we could have multiple thread call peek() and possibly one thread calls poll() at at the same time.
This lead to multiple consumer scenario, which violates the multiple producer single consumer condition and could lead to spin in an infinite loop in peek()
Modification:
Use isEmpty() instead of peek() to check if task queue is empty
Result:
Dont violate the mpsc semantics.
Motivation:
SystemPropertyUtil already uses the AccessController internally so not need to wrap its usage with AccessController as well.
Modifications:
Remove explicit AccessController usage when SystemPropertyUtil is used.
Result:
Code cleanup
Motivation:
At the current moment HttpContentEncoder handle only first value of multiple accept-encoding headers.
Modification:
Join multiple accept-encoding headers to one separated by comma.
Result:
Fixes#9553
Motivation
Currently every call to get() on a promise results in two reads of the
volatile result field when one would suffice. Maybe this is optimized
away but it seems sensible not to rely on that.
Modification
Reimplement get() and get(...) in DefaultPromise to reduce volatile access.
Result
Fewer volatile reads.
Motivation
problem with Throwable#addSuppressed() raised in #9151. This introduced
a performance issue when promises are cancelled at a high frequency due
to the construction cost of CancellationException at the time that
DefaultPromise#cancel() is called.
Modifications
- Reinstate the prior static CANCELLATION_CAUSE_HOLDER but use it just
as a sentinel to indicate cancellation, constructing a new
CancellationException only if/when one needs to be explicitly
returned/thrown
- Subclass CancellationException, overriding fillInStackTrace() to
minimize the construction cost in these cases
Result
Promises are much cheaper to cancel. Fixes#9522.
Motiviation:
EmbeddedChannel currently is quite differently in terms of semantics to other Channel implementations. We should better change it to be more closely aligned and so have the testing code be more robust.
Modifications:
- Change EmbeddedEventLoop.inEventLoop() to only return true if we currenlty run pending / scheduled tasks
- Change EmbeddedEventLoop.execute(...) to automatically process pending tasks if not already doing so
- Adjust a few tests for the new semantics (which is closer to other Channel implementations)
Result:
EmbeddedChannel works more like other Channel implementations
Motivation:
There are some extra log level checks (logger.isWarnEnabled()).
Modification:
Remove log level checks (logger.isWarnEnabled()) from io.netty.channel.epoll.AbstractEpollStreamChannel, io.netty.channel.DefaultFileRegion, io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioChannel, io.netty.util.HashedWheelTimer, io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler and io.netty.channel.udt.nio.NioUdtMessageConnectorChannel
Result:
Fixes#9456
Motivation:
The Netty classes are initialized at build time by default for GraalVM Native Image compilation. This is configured via the `--initialize-at-build-time=io.netty` option. While this reduces start-up time it can lead to some problems:
- The class initializer of `io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBufAllocator` looks at the maximum memory size to compute the size of internal buffers. If the class initializer runs during image generation, then the buffers are sized according to the very large heap size that the image generator uses, and Netty allocates several arrays that are 16 MByte. The fix is to initialize the following 3 classes at run time: `io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBufAllocator,io.netty.buffer.ByteBufAllocator,io.netty.buffer.ByteBufUtil`. This fix was dependent on a GraalVM Native Image fix that was included in 19.2.0.
- The class initializer of `io.netty.handler.ssl.util.ThreadLocalInsecureRandom` needs to be initialized at runtime to ensure that the generated values are trully random and not fixed for each generated image.
- The class initializers of `io.netty.buffer.AbstractReferenceCountedByteBuf` and `io.netty.util.AbstractReferenceCounted` compute field offsets. While the field offset recomputation is necessary for correct execution as a native image these initializers also have logic that depends on the presence/absence of `sun.misc.Unsafe`, e.g., via the `-Dio.netty.noUnsafe=true` flag. The fix is to push these initializers to runtime so that the field offset lookups (and the logic depending on them) run at run time. This way no manual substitutions are necessary either.
Modifications:
Add `META-INF/native-image` configuration files that correctly trigger the inialization of the above classes at run time via `--initialize-at-run-time=...` flags.
Result:
Fixes the initialisation issues described above for Netty executables built with GraalVM.
Motivation:
AsciiString.contentEqualsIgnoreCase may return true for non-matching strings of equal length when offset is non zero.
Modifications:
- Correctly take offset into account
- Add unit test
Result:
Fixes#9475
Motivation:
Users' runtime systems may have incompatible dynamic libraries to the ones our
tcnative wrappers link to. Unfortunately, we cannot determine and catch these
scenarios (in which the JVM crashes) but we can make a more educated guess on
what library to load and try to find one that works better before crashing.
Modifications:
1) Build dynamically linked openSSL builds for more OSs (netty-tcnative)
2) Load native linux libraries with matching classifier (first)
Result:
More developers / users can use the dynamically-linked native libraries.
Motivation:
We did miss to call reclaimSpace(...) in one case which can lead to the situation of having the Recycler to not correctly reclaim space and so just create new objects when not needed.
Modifications:
Correctly call reclaimSpace(...)
Result:
Recycler correctly reclaims space in all situations.
Motivation:
Netty homepage(netty.io) serves both "http" and "https".
It's recommended to use https than http.
Modification:
I changed from "http://netty.io" to "https://netty.io"
Result:
No effects.
Motivation:
There are is some unnecessary code (like toString() calls) which can be cleaned up.
Modifications:
- Remove not needed toString() calls
- Simplify subString(...) calls
- Remove some explicit casts when not needed.
Result:
Cleaner code
Motivation:
There is some manual coping of elements of Collections which can be replaced by Collections.addAll(...) and also some unnecessary semicolons.
Modifications:
- Simplify branches
- Use Collections.addAll
- Code cleanup
Result:
Code cleanup
Motivation:
asList should only be used if there are multiple elements.
Modification:
Call to asList with only one argument could be replaced with singletonList
Result:
Cleaner code and a bit of memory savings
Motivation
A Semaphore is currently dedicated to this purpose but a simple
CountDownLatch will do.
Modification
Remove private threadLock Semaphore from SingleThreadEventExecutor and just use a CountDownLatch.
Also eliminate use of PlatformDependent.throwException() in startThread
method, and combine some nested if clauses.
Result
Cleaner EventLoop termination notification.
Motivation:
OOME is occurred by increasing suppressedExceptions because other libraries call Throwable#addSuppressed. As we have no control over what other libraries do we need to ensure this can not lead to OOME.
Modifications:
Only use static instances of the Exceptions if we can either dissable addSuppressed or we run on java6.
Result:
Not possible to OOME because of addSuppressed. Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/9151.
Motivation
@xiaoheng1 reported incorrect behaviour of AsciiString.lastIndexOf in
#9099. Upon closer inspection it appears that it was never implemented
correctly and searches between the provided index and the end of the
string similar to indexOf(...), rather than between the provided index
and the beginning of the string as the javadoc states (and in line with
java.lang.String).
Modifications
Fix AsciiString.lastIndexOf implementation and corresponding unit tests
to behave the same as the equivalent String methods.
Result
Fixes#9099
Motivation:
An instance is always equal to itself. It makes sense to skip processing for this case, which isn't uncommon since `AsciiString` is often memoized within an application when used as HTTP header names.
Modification:
`contentEquals` methods first check for instance equality before doing processing.
Result:
`contentEquals` will be faster when comparing an instance with itself.
I couldn't find any unit tests for these methods, only the static version. Let me know if I should add something to `AsciiStringCharacterTest`.
Came up here:
https://github.com/line/armeria/pull/1731#discussion_r280396280
Motivation:
GraalVM native images are a new way to deliver java applications. Netty is one of the most popular libraries however there are a few limitations that make it impossible to use with native images out of the box. Adding a few metadata (in specific modules will allow the compilation to success and produce working binaries)
Modification:
Added properties files in `META-INF` and substitutions classes (under `internal.svm`) will solve the compilation issues. The substitutions classes are not visible and do not have a public constructor so they are not visible to end users.
Result:
Fixes#8959
This fix is very conservative as it applies the minimum config required to build:
* pure netty servers
* vert.x applications
* grpc applications
The build is having trouble due to checkstyle which does not seem to be able to find the copyright notice on property files.
Motivation:
In GlobalEventExecutorTest we used Thread.sleep(...) which can produce flaky results (as seen on the CI). We should use another alternative during tests.
Modifications:
Replace Thread.sleep(...) with join()
Result:
No more flaky GlobalEventExecutor tests.
Motivation:
IKVM.NET seems to ship a bug sun.misc.Unsafe class, for this reason we should better disable our sun.misc.Unsafe usage when we detect IKVM.NET is used.
Modifications:
Check if IKVM.NET is used and if so do not use sun.misc.Unsafe by default.
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/9035 and https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/8916.
Motivation:
CompletionStage is the new standard for async operation chaining in JDK8+ that is supported by various of libs. To make it easer to interopt with other libs and to allow users to make good use of lambdas and functional programming style we should allow to convert from our Future to a CompletionStage while still provide the same ordering guarantees.
The reason why we expose this as toStage() and not jus have Future extend CompletionStage is for two reasons:
- Keep our interface norrow
- Keep semantics clear (Future.addListener(...) methods return this while all chaining methods of CompletionStage return a new instance).
Modifications:
- Merge implements in AbstractFuture to Future (by make these default methods)
- Add Future.toStage() as a default method and a special implemention in DefaultPromise (to reduce GC).
- Add Future.executor() which returns the EventExecutor that is pinned to the Future
- Introduce FutureCompletionStage that extends CompletionStage to clarify threading semantics and guarantees.
Result:
Easier inter-op with other Java8+ libaries. Related to https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/8523.
Motivation:
We should not throw check exceptions when the user calls sync*() but should better wrap it in a CompletionException to make it easier for people to reason about what happens.
Modifications:
- Change sync*() to throw CompletionException
- Adjust tests
- Add some more tests
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/8521.
Motivation
AbstractReferenceCounted and AbstractReferenceCountedByteBuf contain
duplicate logic for managing the volatile refcount in an optimized and
consistent manner, which increased in complexity in #8583. It's possible
to extract this into a common helper class now that all access is via an
AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.
Modifications
- Move duplicate logic into a shared ReferenceCountUpdater class
- Incorporate some additional simplification for the most common single
increment/decrement cases (fewer checks/operations)
Result
Less code duplication, better encapsulation of the "non-trivial"
internal volatile refcount manipulation
Motivation:
DefaultPromise requires an EventExecutor which provides the thread to notify listeners on and this EventExecutor can never change. We can remove the code that supported the possibility of a changing the executor as this is not possible anymore.
Modifications:
- Remove constructor which allowed to construct a *Promise without an EventExecutor
- Remove extra state
- Adjusted SslHandler and ProxyHandler for new code
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/8517.
Motivation:
PooledByteBufAllocator uses a PoolThreadCache per Thread that allocates / deallocates to minimize the performance overhead. This PoolThreadCache is trimmed after X allocations to free up buffers that are not allocated for a long time. This works out quite well when the app continues to allocate but fails if the app stops to allocate frequently (for whatever reason) and so a lot of memory is wasted and not given back to the arena / freed.
Modifications:
- Add a ThreadExecutorMap that offers multiple methods that wrap Runnable / ThreadFactory / Executor and allow to call ThreadExecutorMap.currentEventExecutor() to get the current executing EventExecutor for the calling Thread.
- Use these methods in the constructors of our EventExecutor implementations (which also covers the EventLoop implementations)
- Add io.netty.allocator.cacheTrimIntervalMillis system property which can be used to specify a fixed rate / interval on which we should try to trim the PoolThreadCache for a EventExecutor that allocates.
- Add PooledByteBufAllocator.trimCurrentThreadCache() to allow the user to trim the cache of the calling thread manually.
- Add testcases
- Introduce FastThreadLocal.getIfExists()
Result:
Allow to better / more frequently trim PoolThreadCache and so give back memory to the area / system.
Motivation:
We dont use ObjectCleaner in our FastThreadLocal anymore so we also dont need to take special care to store it there anymore.
Modifications:
Remove code that is not needed anymore.
Result:
Code cleanup.
Motivation:
GlobalEventExecutor does already provide all guarantees of OrderedEventExecutor so it should implement it.
Modifications:
Let GlobalEventExecutor implement OrderedEventExecutor.
Result:
Make it more clear how execution order is handled in GlobalEventExecutor.
Motivation:
This counter is very useful in order to monitor Netty without having every ByteBufAllocator in the JVM
Modification:
Expose the value of DIRECT_MEMORY_COUNTER as we are already doing for DIRECT_MEMORY_LIMIT.
We are returning -1 in case that DIRECT_MEMORY_COUNTER is not available.
Result:
Be able to get the amount of direct memory used.
Motivation:
We had a typo in NativeLibraryLoader debug log message which could misslead the user.
Modifications:
Fix typo to correctly state java.library.path
Result:
Correct and less confusing log message
