Motivation:
ObjectCleaner does start a Thread to handle the cleaning of resources which leaks into the users application. We should not use it in netty itself to make things more predictable.
Modifications:
- Remove usage of ObjectCleaner and use finalize as a replacement when possible.
- Clarify javadocs for FastThreadLocal.onRemoval(...) to ensure its clear that remove() is not guaranteed to be called when the Thread completees and so this method is not enough to guarantee cleanup for this case.
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/8017.
Motivation:
I'm not sure if trivial changes like this are interesting :-) But I
noticed that the PlatformDependent.maxDirectMemory0() method is called
twice unnecessarily during static initialization (on the default path at
least).
Modifications:
Use constant MAX_DIRECT_MEMORY already set to the same value instead of
calling maxDirectMemory0() again.
Result:
A surely imperceivable reduction in operations performed at startup.
Motivation
There is a cost to concatenating strings and calling methods that will be wasted if the Logger's level is not enabled.
Modifications
Check if Log level is enabled before producing log statement. These are just a few cases found by RegEx'ing in the code.
Result
Tiny bit more efficient code.
Motivation:
We should allow to schedule tasks with a delay up to Long.MAX_VALUE as we did pre 4.1.25.Final.
Modifications:
Just ensure we not overflow and put the correct max limits in place when schedule a timer. At worse we will get a wakeup to early and then schedule a new timeout.
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/7970.
Motivation:
On J9 / OpenJ9 netty initializes this value with 64M, even the direct accessible memory is actually unbounded.
Modifications:
Skip usage of VM.maxDirectMemory() on J9 / OpenJ9
Result:
More correct direct memory limit detection. Fixes#7654.
Motivation:
We did not guard against the case of calling malloc(0) when creating a ByteBuffer without a Cleaner. The problem is that malloc(0) can have different behaviour, it either return a null-pointer or a valid pointer that you can pass to free.
The real problem arise if Unsafe.allocateMemory(0) returns 0 and we use it as the memoryAddress of the ByteBuffer. The problem here is that native libraries test for 0 and handle it as a null-ptr. This is for example true in SSL.bioSetByteBuffer(...) which would throw a NPE when 0 is used as memoryAddress and so produced errors during SSL usage.
Modifications:
- Always allocate 1 byte as minimum (even if we ask for an empty buffer).
- Add unit test.
Result:
No more errors possible because of malloc(0).
Motivation:
When a buffer is over-released, the current error message of `IllegalReferenceCountException` is `refCnt: XXX, increment: XXX`, which is confusing. The correct message should be `refCnt: XXX, decrement: XXX`.
Modifications:
Pass `-decrement` to create `IllegalReferenceCountException`.
Result:
The error message will be `refCnt: XXX, decrement: XXX` when a buffer is over-released.
Motivation:
On z/OS netty initializes this value with 64M, even the direct accessible memory is actually unbounded.
Modifications:
Skip usage of VM.maxDirectMemory() on z/OS.
Result:
More correct direct memory limit detection. Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/7654.
Motivation:
Using a very huge delay when calling schedule(...) may cause an Selector error when calling select(...) later on. We should gaurd against such a big value.
Modifications:
- Add guard against a very huge value.
- Added tests.
Result:
Fixes [#7365]
Motivation:
A FastThreadLocal instance currently occupies 2 slots of InternalThreadLocalMap of every thread. Actually for a FastThreadLocalThread, it does not need to store cleaner flags of FastThreadLocal instances. Besides, using BitSet to store cleaner flags is also better for space usage.
Modification:
Use BitSet to optimize space usage of FastThreadLocal.
Result:
Avoid unnecessary slot occupancy. Cleaner flags are now stored into a BitSet.
Motivation:
When trying to cleanup WeakOrderQueue by the ObjectCleaner we end up in an endless loop which will cause the ObjectCleaner to be not able to cleanup any other resources anymore.This bug was introduced by 6eb9674bf5.
Modifications:
Correctly update link while cleanup
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/7877
Motivation:
The bounds checking for AsciiString#indexOf and AsciiString#lastIndexOf is not correct and may lead to ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.
Modifications:
- Correct the bounds checking for AsciiString#indexOf and AsciiString#lastIndexOf
Result
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/7863
Motivation:
Finer granularity when configuring CorsHandler, enabling different policies for different origins.
Modifications:
The CorsHandler has an extra constructor that accepts a List<CorsConfig> that are evaluated sequentially when processing a Cors request
Result:
The changes don't break backwards compatibility. The extra ctor can be used to provide more than one CorsConfig object.
Motivation:
Minor performance optimisation that prevents thread from blocking due to task not having been added to queue. Discussed #7815.
Modification:
add task to the queue before starting the thread.
Result:
No additional tests.
* NetUtil valid IP methods to accept CharSequence
Motivation:
NetUtil has methods to determine if a String is a valid IP address. These methods don't rely upon String specific methods and can use CharSequence instead.
Modifications:
- Use CharSequence instead of String for the IP validator methods.
- Avoid object allocation in AsciiString#indexOf(char,int) and reduce
byte code
Result:
No more copy operation required if a CharSequence exists.
Motivation:
HttpProxyHandler uses `NetUtil#toSocketAddressString` to compute
CONNECT url and Host header.
The url is correct when the address is unresolved, as
`NetUtil#toSocketAddressString` will then use
`getHoststring`/`getHostname`. If the address is already resolved, the
url will be based on the IP instead of the hostname.
There’s an additional minor issue with the Host header: default port
443 should be omitted.
Modifications:
* Introduce NetUtil#getHostname
* Introduce HttpUtil#formatHostnameForHttp to format an
InetSocketAddress to
HTTP format
* Change url computation to favor hostname instead of IP
* Introduce HttpProxyHandler ignoreDefaultPortsInConnectHostHeader
parameter to ignore 80 and 443 ports in Host header
Result:
HttpProxyHandler performs properly when connecting to a resolved address
Motivation:
We missed to correctly record the stacktrace of the creation of an ResourceLeak record. This could either have the effect to log the wrote stacktrace for creation or not log a stacktrace at all if the object was dropped on the floor after it was created.
Modifications:
Correctly create a Record on creation of the object.
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/7781.
Motivation:
We recently introduced ObjectCleaner which can be used to ensure some cleanup action is done once an object becomes weakable reachable. We should use this in Recycler.WeakOrderQueue to reduce the overhead of using a finalizer() (which will cause the GC to process it two times).
Modifications:
Replace finalizer() usage with ObjectCleaner
Result:
Fixes [#7343]
Motivation:
We dont protect from overflow and so the timer may fire too early if a large timeout is used.
Modifications:
Add overflow guard and a test.
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/7760.
Motivation:
It is not clear why Unsafe is unavailable when it is explicitly
disabled, or when Netty thinks it is running on Android.
Modification:
Change the "has" fields and methods to be causes. A null cause
means Unsafe is present. This catches all possible reason why
Unsafe might not be available.
Result:
Easier to debug Netty start up when logging cannot be turned on.
Motivation:
DefaultPromise's internal state depends upon specific Signal objects. These Signal objects can be used externally which causes the DefaultPromise object API to not function correct and state to become corrupted.
Modifications:
- DefaultPromise shouldn't depend upon Signal for its internal state
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/7707
Motivation:
The Recycler currently retains 32k objects per thread by default. The Recycler is used in more than just one place and may result in large amounts of memory bloat if spikes of traffic are observed.
Modifications:
- Reduce the Recyclers default capacity from 32k to 4k.
Result:
- Lower default capacity of the Recycler and less memory retained.
Motivation:
Some java binaries include android classes on their classpath, even
if they aren't actually android. When this is true, `Unsafe` no
longer works, disabling the Epoll functionality. A sample case is
for binaries that use the j2objc library.
Modifications:
Check the `java.vm.name` instead of the classpath. Numerous
Google-internal Android libraries / binaries check this property
rather than the class path.
It is believed this is safe and works with bother ART and Dalvik
VMs, safe for Robolectric, and j2objc.
Results:
Unusually built java server binaries can still use Netty Epoll.
Motivation:
Currently if user call set/remove/set/remove many times, it will create multiple cleaner task for same index. It may cause OOM due to long live thread will have more and more task in LIVE_SET.
Modification:
Add flag to avoid recreating tasks.
Result:
Only create 1 clean task. But use more space of indexedVariables.
Motivation:
Reflective setAccessible(true) will produce scary warnings on the console when using java9+, while netty still works. That said users may feel uncomfortable with these warnings, we should not try to do it by default when using java9+.
Modifications:
Add io.netty.tryReflectionSetAccessible system property which controls if setAccessible(...) will be used. By default it will bet set to false when using java9+.
Result:
Fixes [#7254].
Motivation:
The methods implement io.netty.util.concurrent.Future#cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) which actually ignored the param mayInterruptIfRunning.We need to add comments for the `mayInterruptIfRunning` param.
Modifications:
Add comments for the `mayInterruptIfRunning` param.
Result:
People who call the `cancel` method will be more clear about the effect of `mayInterruptIfRunning` param.
Motivation:
The ObjectCleanerThread must be a daemon thread as otherwise we may block the JVM from exit. By using a daemon thread we basically give the same garantees as the JVM when it comes to cleanup of resources (as the GC threads are also daemon threads and the CleanerImpl uses a deamon thread as well in Java9+).
Modifications:
Change ObjectCleanThread to be a daemon thread.
Result:
JVM shutdown will always be able to complete. Fixed [#7617].
Motivation:
In environments with a security manager, the reflective access to get the reference to
Throwable#addSuppressed can cause issues that result in Netty failing to load. The main
motivation in this pull request is to remove the use of reflection to prevent issues in
these environments.
Modifications:
ThrowableUtil no longer uses Class#getDeclaredMembers to get the Method that references
Throwable#addSuppressed and instead guards the call to Throwable#addSuppressed with a
Java version check.
Additionally, a annotation was added that suppresses the animal sniffer java16 signature
check on the given method. The benefit of the annotation is that it limits the exclusion
of Throwable to just the ThrowableUtil class and has string text indicating the reason
for suppressing the java16 signature check.
Result:
Netty no longer requires the use of Class#getDeclaredMethod for ThrowableUtil and will
work in environments restricted by a security manager without needing to grant reflection
permissions.
Fixes#7614
Motivation:
In a few classes, Netty starts a thread and then sets the context classloader of these threads
to prevent classloader leaks. The Thread#setContextClassLoader method is a privileged method in
that it requires permissions to be executed when there is a security manager in place. Unless
these calls are wrapped in a doPrivileged block, they will fail in an environment with a security
manager and restrictive policy in place.
Modifications:
Wrap the calls to Thread#setContextClassLoader in a AccessController#doPrivileged block.
Result:
After this change, the threads can set the context classloader without any errors in an
environment with a security manager and restrictive policy in place.
Motivation:
Usages of HttpResponseStatus may result in more object allocation then necessary due to not looking for cached objects and the AsciiString parsing method not being used due to CharSequence method being used instead.
Modifications:
- HttpResponseDecoder should attempt to get the HttpResponseStatus from cache instead of allocating a new object
- HttpResponseStatus#parseLine(CharSequence) should check if the type is AsciiString and redirect to the AsciiString parsing method which may not require an additional toString call
- HttpResponseStatus#parseLine(AsciiString) can be optimized and doesn't require and may not require object allocation
Result:
Less allocations when dealing with HttpResponseStatus.
Motivation:
ObjectCleaner inovkes a Runnable which may execute user code (FastThreadLocal#onRemoval) and therefore exceptions maybe thrown. If an exception is thrown the cleanup thread will exit prematurely and we may never finish cleaning up which will result in leaks.
Modifications:
- ObjectCleaner should suppress exceptions and continue cleaning
Result:
ObjectCleaner will reliably clean despite exceptions being thrown.
Motivation:
ObjectCleaner polls a ReferenceQueue which will block indefinitely. However it is possible there is a race condition between the live set of objects being empty due to the WeakReference being cleaned/cleared and polling the queue. If this situation occurs the cleanup thread may never unblock if no more objects are added to the live set, and may result in an application's failure to gracefully close.
Modifications:
- ReferenceQueue.remove should use a timeout to compensate for the race condition, and avoid dead lock
Result:
No more dead lock in ObjectCleaner when polling the ReferenceQueue.
Motivation:
FastThreadLocal#set calls isIndexedVariableSet to determine if we need to register with the cleaner, but the set(InternalThreadLocalMap, V) method will also internally do this check so we can share code and only do the check a single time.
Modifications:
- extract code from set(InternalThreadLocalMap, V) so it can be called externally to determine if a new item was created
Result:
Less code duplication in FastThreadLocal#set.
Motivation:
e329ca1 introduced the user of ObjectCleaner in FastThreadLocal but we missed the case to register our cleaner task if FastThreadLocal.set was called only.
Modifications:
- Use ObjectCleaner also when FastThreadLocal.set is used.
- Add test case.
Result:
ObjectCleaner is always used.
Motivation:
Allow pre-computing calculation of the constants for compiler where it could be.
Similar fix in OpenJDK: [1].
Modifications:
- Use parentheses.
- Simplify static initialization of `BYTE2HEX_*` arrays in `StringUtil`.
Result:
Less bytecode, possible faster calculations at runtime.
[1] https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-4477961
Motivation:
There is no guarantee that FastThreadLocal.onRemoval(...) is called if the FastThreadLocal is used by "non" FastThreacLocalThreads. This can lead to all sort of problems, like for example memory leaks as direct memory is not correctly cleaned up etc.
Beside this we use ThreadDeathWatcher to check if we need to release buffers back to the pool when thread local caches are collected. In the past ThreadDeathWatcher was used which will need to "wakeup" every second to check if the registered Threads are still alive. If we can ensure FastThreadLocal.onRemoval(...) is called we do not need this anymore.
Modifications:
- Introduce ObjectCleaner and use it to ensure FastThreadLocal.onRemoval(...) is always called when a Thread is collected.
- Deprecate ThreadDeathWatcher
- Add unit tests.
Result:
Consistent way of cleanup FastThreadLocals when a Thread is collected.
Motivation:
We should remove the WeakOrderedQueue from the WeakHashMap directly if possible and only depend on the semantics of the WeakHashMap if there is no other way for us to cleanup it.
Modifications:
Override onRemoval(...) to remove the WeakOrderedQueue if possible.
Result:
Less overhead and quicker collection of WeakOrderedQueue for some cases.
Motivation:
When doStartThread throws an exception, e.g. due to the actual executor being depleted of threads and throwing in its rejected execution handler, the STEE ends up in started state anyway. If we try to execute another task in this executor, it will be queued but the thread won't be started anymore and the task will linger forever.
Modifications:
- Ensure we not update the internal state if the startThread() method throws.
- Add testcase
Result:
Fixes [#7483]
Motivation:
In our Recycler implementation we store a reference to the current Thread in the Stack that is stored in a FastThreadLocal. The Stack itself is referenced in the DefaultHandle itself. A problem can arise if a user stores a Reference to an Object that holds a reference to the DefaultHandle somewhere and either not remove the reference at all or remove it very late. In this case the Thread itself can not be collected as its still referenced in the Stack that is referenced by the DefaultHandle.
Modifications:
- Use a WeakReference to store the reference to the Thread in the Stack
- Add a test case
Result:
Ensure a Thread can be collected in a timely manner in all cases even if it used the Recycler.
Motivation:
ThreadDeathWatcher and GlobalEventExecutor may create and start a new thread from various other threads and so inherit the classloader. We need to ensure we not inherit to allow recycling the classloader.
Modifications:
Use Thread.setContextClassLoader(null) to ensure we not hold a strong reference to the classloader and so not leak it.
Result:
Fixes [#7290].
Motivation:
We dont need to use the ThreadDeathWatcher if we use a FastThreadLocalThread for which we wrap the Runnable and ensure we call FastThreadLocal.removeAll() once the Runnable completes.
Modifications:
- Dont use a ThreadDeathWatcher if we are sure we will call FastThreadLocal.removeAll()
- Add unit test.
Result:
Less overhead / running theads if you only allocate / deallocate from FastThreadLocalThreads.
Motivation:
OSGI and other enviroments may not allow to even load Unsafe which will lead to an NoClassDefFoundError when trying to access it. We should guard against this.
Modifications:
Catch NoClassDefFoundError when trying to load Unsafe.
Result:
Be able to use netty with a strict OSGI config.
Motivation:
When system property is empty, the default value should be used.
Modification:
- Correctly use the default value in all cases
- Add unit tests
Result:
Correct behaviour
Motivation:
In order to determine if a header contains a value we currently rely
upon getAll(..) and regular expressions. This operation is commonly used
during the encode and decode stage to determine the transfer encoding
(e.g. HttpUtil#isTransferEncodingChunked). This operation requires an
intermediate collection and possibly regular expressions for the
CombinedHttpHeaders use case which can be expensive.
Modifications:
- Add a valuesIterator to HttpHeaders and specializations of this method
for DefaultHttpHeaders, ReadOnlyHttpHeaders, and CombinedHttpHeaders.
Result:
Less intermediate collections and allocation overhead when determining
if HttpHeaders contains a name/value pair.
Motivation:
Netty could handle "connection" or "te" headers more gently when
converting from http/1.1 to http/2 headers. Http/2 headers don't
support single-hop headers, so when we convert from http/1.1 to http/2,
we should drop all single-hop headers. This includes headers like
"transfer-encoding" and "connection", but also the headers that
"connection" points to, since "connection" can be used to designate
other headers as single-hop headers. For the "te" header, we can more
permissively convert it by just dropping non-conforming headers (ie
non-"trailers" headers) which is what we do for all other headers when
we convert.
Modifications:
Add a new blacklist to the http/1.1 to http/2 conversion, which is
constructed from the values of the "connection" header, and stop
throwing an exception when a "te" header is passed with a non-"trailers"
value. Instead, drop all values except for "trailers". Add unit tests
for "connection" and "te" headers when converting from http/1.1 to http/2.
Result:
This will improve the h2c upgrade request, and also conversions from
http/1.1 to http/2. This will simplify implementing spec-compliant
http/2 servers that want to share code between their http/1.1 and http/2
implementations.
[Fixes#7355]
Motivation:
`AbstractScheduledEventExecutor` uses a standard `java.util.PriorityQueue` to keep track of task deadlines. `ScheduledFuture.cancel` removes tasks from this `PriorityQueue`. Unfortunately, `PriorityQueue.remove` has `O(n)` performance since it must search for the item in the entire queue before removing it. This is fast when the future is at the front of the queue (e.g., already triggered) but not when it's randomly located in the queue.
Many servers will use `ScheduledFuture.cancel` on all requests, e.g., to manage a request timeout. As these cancellations will be happen in arbitrary order, when there are many scheduled futures, `PriorityQueue.remove` is a bottleneck and greatly hurts performance with many concurrent requests (>10K).
Modification:
Use netty's `DefaultPriorityQueue` for scheduling futures instead of the JDK. `DefaultPriorityQueue` is almost identical to the JDK version except it is able to remove futures without searching for them in the queue. This means `DefaultPriorityQueue.remove` has `O(log n)` performance.
Result:
Before - cancelling futures has varying performance, capped at `O(n)`
After - cancelling futures has stable performance, capped at `O(log n)`
Benchmark results
After - cancelling in order and in reverse order have similar performance within `O(log n)` bounds
```
Benchmark (num) Mode Cnt Score Error Units
ScheduledFutureTaskBenchmark.cancelInOrder 100 thrpt 20 137779.616 ± 7709.751 ops/s
ScheduledFutureTaskBenchmark.cancelInOrder 1000 thrpt 20 11049.448 ± 385.832 ops/s
ScheduledFutureTaskBenchmark.cancelInOrder 10000 thrpt 20 943.294 ± 12.391 ops/s
ScheduledFutureTaskBenchmark.cancelInOrder 100000 thrpt 20 64.210 ± 1.824 ops/s
ScheduledFutureTaskBenchmark.cancelInReverseOrder 100 thrpt 20 167531.096 ± 9187.865 ops/s
ScheduledFutureTaskBenchmark.cancelInReverseOrder 1000 thrpt 20 33019.786 ± 4737.770 ops/s
ScheduledFutureTaskBenchmark.cancelInReverseOrder 10000 thrpt 20 2976.955 ± 248.555 ops/s
ScheduledFutureTaskBenchmark.cancelInReverseOrder 100000 thrpt 20 362.654 ± 45.716 ops/s
```
Before - cancelling in order and in reverse order have significantly different performance at higher queue size, orders of magnitude worse than the new implementation.
```
Benchmark (num) Mode Cnt Score Error Units
ScheduledFutureTaskBenchmark.cancelInOrder 100 thrpt 20 139968.586 ± 12951.333 ops/s
ScheduledFutureTaskBenchmark.cancelInOrder 1000 thrpt 20 12274.420 ± 337.800 ops/s
ScheduledFutureTaskBenchmark.cancelInOrder 10000 thrpt 20 958.168 ± 15.350 ops/s
ScheduledFutureTaskBenchmark.cancelInOrder 100000 thrpt 20 53.381 ± 13.981 ops/s
ScheduledFutureTaskBenchmark.cancelInReverseOrder 100 thrpt 20 123918.829 ± 3642.517 ops/s
ScheduledFutureTaskBenchmark.cancelInReverseOrder 1000 thrpt 20 5099.810 ± 206.992 ops/s
ScheduledFutureTaskBenchmark.cancelInReverseOrder 10000 thrpt 20 72.335 ± 0.443 ops/s
ScheduledFutureTaskBenchmark.cancelInReverseOrder 100000 thrpt 20 0.743 ± 0.003 ops/s
```
