Motivation:
Calling flush() and writeAndFlush(...) are expensive operations in the sense as both will produce a write(...) or writev(...) system call if there are any pending writes in the ChannelOutboundBuffer. Often we can consolidate multiple flush operations into one if currently a read loop is active for a Channel, as we can just flush when channelReadComplete is triggered. Consolidating flushes can give a huge performance win depending on how often is flush is called. The only "downside" may be a bit higher latency in the case of where only one flush is triggered by the user.
Modifications:
Add a FlushConsolidationHandler which will consolidate flushes and so improve the throughput.
Result:
Better performance (throughput). This is especially true for protocols that use some sort of PIPELINING.
Motivation:
We should make it clear that each acquired Channel needs to be released in all cases.
Modifications:
More clear javadocs.
Result:
Harder for users to leak Channel.
Motivation:
The field can be read from arbitrary threads via Channel.(isWritable()|bytesBeforeWritable()|bytesBeforeUnwritable()), WriteAndFlushTask.newInstance(), PendingWriteQueue, etc.
Modifications:
Make AbstractChannel.outboundBuffer volatile.
Result:
More correct in a concurrent use case.
Motivation:
ECONNREFUSED can be a common type of exception when attempting to finish the connection process. Generating a new exception each time can be costly and quickly bloat memory usage.
Modifications:
- Expose ECONNREFUSED from JNI and cache this exception in Socket.finishConnect
Result:
ECONNREFUSED during finish connect doesn't create a new exception each time.
Motivation:
We used future in many method of ChannelDuplexHandler as argument name of ChannelPromise. We should make it more consistent and correct.
Modifications:
Replace future with promise.
Result:
More correct and consistent naming.
Motivation:
The logging statements in i.n.u.c.DefaultPromise do not emit the
caught Throwable when a Throwable is thrown while a listener is being
notified of completed or progressed operations.
Modifications:
This issue arises because the logging message has a single placeholder
but is passing two additional arguments, the second one being the
caught Throwable that is thus quietly not logged. We address this by
modifying the logging statements to ensure the caught Throwable is
logged. In this case, the preferred approach is to use the logger
override that accepts a message and a Throwable parameter since logger
implementations might have special handling for this case.
Result:
Log messages from i.n.u.c.DefaultPromise when a Throwable is thrown
while notifying a listener of completed or progressed operations will
contain the caught Throwable.
Motivation:
ReadTimeoutHandler and IdleStateHandler have duplicated code, we should share whatever possible.
Modifications:
Let ReadTimeoutHandler extend IdleStateHandler.
Result:
Remove code duplication.
Motivation:
We don't have an argument named {@code value} but have {@code set} and
{@code expected} in HttpHeaders and HttpUtil respectively.
Modifications:
I replaced {@code value} to {@code set} and {@code expected} in HttpHeaders
and HttpUtil respectively.
Result:
Now javadoc says;
If {@code set} is {@code true}, the {@code "Expect: 100-continue"} header is
set and all other previous {@code "Expect"} headers are removed. Otherwise,
all {@code "Expect"} headers are removed completely. in HttpHeaders
If {@code expected} is {@code true}, the {@code "Expect: 100-continue"} header
is set and all other previous {@code "Expect"} headers are removed. Otherwise,
all {@code "Expect"} headers are removed completely. in HttpUtil
Motivation:
A race detector found that DefaultPromise.listeners is improperly synchronized [1].
Worst case a listener will not be executed when the promise is completed.
Modifications:
Make DefaultPromise.listeners a volatile.
Result:
Hopefully, DefaultPromise is more correct under concurrent execution.
[1] https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/issues/2015
Motivation:
AsciiString.hashCode(o) , if "o" is a subString, the hash code is not always same, when netty’s version is 4.1.1.Final and jdk’s version is 1.6.
Modifications:
Use a test to assert hash codes are equal between a new string and any sub string (a part of a char array),If their values are equal.
Result:
Create a test method to AsciiStringCharacterTest.
Motivation:
Unit test for the OpenSslEngine "OpenSslEngine writePlaintextData WANT_READ with no data in BIO buffer" issue.
Modifications:
- Update SslEngine test to include renegotiation
Result:
More test coverage in OpenSslEngine.
Motivation:
Currently in the single threaded and global event executors when the scheduled task queue is drained, there is a call to hasScheduledTasks(). If there are scheduled tasks then the the code polls the queue for tasks. The poll method duplicates the exact logic of hasScheduledTasks(). This involves two calls to nanoTime when one seems sufficient.
Modifications:
Directly poll the queue for tasks and break if the task returned is null.
Result:
Should be no noticeable impact on functionality. Two calls to nanoTime have been coarsened into a single call.
Motivation:
Project Jigsaw in JDK9 has moved the direct byte buffer cleaner from
sun.misc.Cleaner to java.lang.ref.Cleaner$Cleanable. This cause the
current platform tests to throw a ClassNotFoundException, disabling the
use of direct byte buffer cleaners.
Modifications:
I use reflection to find the clean method in either sun.misc.Cleaner or
java.lang.ref.Cleaner$Cleanable.
Result:
Netty uses direct byte buffers on JDK9 as it already do on earlier JDKs.
Motivation:
In JDK9 heap byte buffers have an address field, so we have to remove
the current check as it is invalid in JDK9.
Modifications:
Removed the address field check for heap byte buffers.
Result:
Netty continues to find sun.misc.Unsafe in JDK9 as in previous JDKs.
Motivation:
Netty's platform dependent parts should know about JDK9.
Modifications:
JDK9 introduce Runtime$Version Runtime.version() which has an int major()
method that always return the major Java version. I call that method to
get the Java major version.
Result:
Netty will recognize all future JDK versions.
Motivation:
HPACK Encoder has a data structure which is similar to a previous version of DefaultHeaders. Some of the same improvements can be made.
Motivation:
- Enforce the restriction that the Encoder's headerFields length must be a power of two so we can use masking instead of modulo
- Use AsciiString.hashCode which already has optimizations instead of having yet another hash code algorithm in Encoder
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/5357
Motivation:
PlatformDependent attempts to use reflection to get the underlying char[] (or byte[]) from String objects. This is fragile as if the String implementation does not utilize the full array, and instead uses a subset of the array, this optimization is invalid. OpenJDK6 and some earlier versions of OpenJDK7 String have the capability to use a subsection of the underlying char[].
Modifications:
- PlatformDependent should not attempt to use the underlying array from String (or other data types) via reflection
Result:
PlatformDependent hash code generation for CharSequence does not depend upon specific JDK implementation details.
Motivation:
The gRPC interop tests fail due to a NPE in OpenSslEngine.
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
at io.netty.handler.ssl.OpenSslEngine.setSSLParameters(OpenSslEngine.java:1473)
Modifications:
Add a null check
Result:
No more NPE exceptions :-)
Motivation:
We recently added the ResourceLeakDetectorFactory but missed to updated HashedWheelTimer to use it.
Modifications:
- Add new abstract method to ResourceLeakDetectorFactory that allows to provide also samplingInterval and maxActive args.
- Deprecate most constructors in ResourceLeakDetector and add doc explaining that people should use ResourceLeakDetectorFactory
Result:
Custom ResourceLeakDetectorFactory will also be used in HashedWheelTimer if configured.
Motivation:
Sometimes a shared HashedWheelTimer can not easily be stopped in a good place. If the worker thread is daemon this is not a big deal and we should allow to not log a leak.
Modifications:
Add another constructor which allows to disable resource leak detection if worker thread is used.
Result:
Not log resource leak when HashedWheelTimer is not stopped and the worker thread is a deamon thread.
Motivation:
Some Netty use cases may want to configure the max allowed stack depth for promise listener notification.
Modifications:
- Add a system property so that this value can be configured.
Result:
DefaultPromise's max stack depth is configurable.
Motivation:
The HTTP/2 RFC states in https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-6.8 that Endpoints MUST NOT increase the value they send in the last stream identifier however we don't enforce this when decoding GOAWAY frames.
Modifications:
- Throw a connection error if the peer attempts to increase the lastStreamId in a GOAWAY frame
Result:
RFC is more strictly enforced.
Motivation:
Quote from issue 4914:
"Http2MultiplexCodec currently does two things: mapping the existing h2 API to frames and managing the child channels.
It would be better if the two parts were separated. This would allow less-coupled development of the HTTP/2 handlers (flow control could be its own handler, for instance) and allow applications to insert themselves between all streams and the codec, which permits custom logic and could be used, in part, to implement custom frame types.
It would also greatly ease testing, as the child channel could be tested by itself without dealing with how frames are encoded on the wire."
Modifications:
- Split the Http2MultiplexCodec into Http2FrameCodec and Http2MultiplexCodec. The Http2FrameCodec interacts with the existing HTTP/2 callback-based API, while the Http2MulitplexCodec is completely independent of it and simply multiplexes Http2StreamFrames to the child channels. Additionally, the Http2Codec handler is introduced, which is a convenience class that simply sets up the Http2FrameCodec and Http2MultiplexCodec in the channel pipeline and removes itself.
- Improved test coverage quite a bit.
Result:
- The original Http2MultiplexCodec is split into Http2FrameCodec and Http2MultiplexCodec.
- More tests for higher confidence in the code.
Modifications:
The DnsNameResolver Bootstrap does not bind anymore, instead it registers and use the channel directly. The localAddress has also been removed from the DnsAddressResolverGroup, DnsNameResolver and DnsNameResolverBuilder as it is not necessary anymore and the API is marked as @UnstableApi.
Result:
Dns resolution does not require anymore to bind locally.
Motivation:
To be able to use SslProvider.OpenSsl with existing java apps that use the JDK SSL API we need to also provide a way to use it with an existing KeyManagerFactory.
Modification:
Make use of new tcnative apis and so hook in KeyManagerFactory.
Result:
SslProvider.OpenSsl can be used with KeyManagerFactory as well.
Motivation:
Java8+ adds support set a DH key size via a System property (jdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize). We should respect this when using OpenSSL.
Modifications:
Respect system property.
Result:
More consistent SSL implementation.
Motivation:
PR #5355 modified interfaces to reduce GC related to the HPACK code. However this came with an anticipated performance regression related to HpackUtil.equals due to AsciiString's increase cost of charAt(..). We should mitigate this performance regression.
Modifications:
- Introduce an equals method in PlatformDependent which doesn't leak timing information and use this in HpcakUtil.equals
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/5436
Motivation:
We recently added support for session ticket statistics which we can expose now.
Modifications:
Expose the statistics.
Result:
Be able to obtain session ticket statistics.
Motivation:
In order to prevent a regression, add test case for a bug that caused a CompositeByteBuf to not release its components.
Modifications:
Add a test case that asserts a CompositeByteBuf's component buffers have indeed been released.
Result:
AbstractCompositeByteBuf gains a test case that will prevent future regressions.
Motivation:
If DnsNameResolver works with NoopDnsCache, IndexOutOfBoundsException will
be thrown.
Modifications:
Test if the result of DnsNameResolver.get(hostname) is empty before
accessing it's elements.
Motivation:
It is good to have used dependencies and plugins up-to-date to fix any undiscovered bug fixed by the authors.
Modification:
Scanned dependencies and plugins and carefully updated one by one.
Result:
Dependencies and plugins are up-to-date.
Motivation:
The HTTP/2 specification requires the pad length field of DATA, HEADERS and PUSH_PROMISE frames to be counted towards the flow control window. The current implementation doesn't do so (See #5434).
Furthermore, it's currently not possible to add one byte padding, as this would add the one byte pad length field as well as append one padding byte to the end of the frame.
Modifications:
Include the one byte pad length field in the padding parameter of the API. Thereby extending the allowed value range by one byte to 256 (inclusive). On the wire, a one byte padding is encoded with a pad length field with value zero and a 256 byte padding is encoded with a pad length field with value 255 and 255 bytes append to the end of the frame.
Result:
More correct padding.
Motiviation:
Sometimes it is useful to allow to specify a custom strategy to handle rejected tasks. For example if someone tries to add tasks from outside the eventloop it may make sense to try to backoff and retries and so give the executor time to recover.
Modification:
Add RejectedEventExecutor interface and implementations and allow to inject it.
Result:
More flexible handling of executor overload.
Motivation:
To restrict the memory usage of a system it is sometimes needed to adjust the number of max pending tasks in the tasks queue.
Modifications:
- Add new constructors to modify the number of allowed pending tasks.
- Add system properties to configure the default values.
Result:
More flexible configuration.
Motivation:
We need to return a correct time for SSLSession.getLastAccessedTime() so it reflect when the handshake was done when the session was reused.
Modifications:
Correctly reflect handshake time in getLastAccessedTime().
Result:
More conform SSLSession implementation.
Motivation:
Sometimes its needed to customize the SSLEngine (like setting protocols etc). For this it would be useful if the user could wrap an SslContext and do init steps on the SSLEngine.
Modifications:
Add new SslContext implementation which can wrap another one and allow to customize the SSLEngine
Result:
More flexible usage of SslContext.
Motivation:
At the moment OpenSslEngine.getSupportedCipherSuites() only return the original openssl cipher names and not the java names. We need also include the java names.
Modifications:
Correctly return the java names as well.
Result:
Correct implementation of OpenSslEngine.getSupportedCipherSuites()
Motivation:
We should merge ThrowableUtils into ThrowableUtil as this name is more consistent with the naming of utility classes in netty.
Modifications:
Merge classes.
Result:
More consistent naming
Motivation:
The current implementation does not comply with RFC2817 on two points:
- The HTTP version required to support the CONNECT method is 1.1,
but the current implementation specifies 1.0.
- The HOST header should hold the name or address of the Target Host,
but the current implementation uses the proxy address instead.
Modifications:
- Specify HTTP version 1.1,
- The HOST header is now set using the Target Host's name (or address,
if it is resolved).
Result:
The CONNECT request is RFC2817-compliant.
Motivations:
The HPACK code was not really optimized and written with Netty types in mind. Because of this a lot of garbage was created due heavy object creation.
This was first reported in [#3597] and https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/issues/1872 .
Modifications:
- Directly use ByteBuf as input and output
- Make use of ByteProcessor where possible
- Use AsciiString as this is the only thing we need for our http2 usage
Result:
Less garbage and better usage of Netty apis.
Motivation:
On Windows localhost is not in hosts file and the DNS server does not resolve this address either, i.e it is handled by the Windows API. So using a Bootstrap (among others) with the resolver based on DnsNameResolver will not resolve localhost.
Modifications:
Workaround behavior of Windows
Result:
Correctly resolve localhost on Windows when using DnsNameResolver
Motivation:
These methods were recently deprecated. However, they remained in use in several locations in Netty's codebase.
Modifications:
Netty's code will now access the bootstrap config to get the group or child group.
Result:
No impact on functionality.
Motivation:
If a user writes an own nio based transport which uses a special SelectorProvider it is useful to be able to get the SelectorProvider that is used by a NioEventLoop. This way this can be used when implement AbstractChannel.isCompatible(...) and check that the SelectorProvider is the correct one.
Modifications:
Expose the SelectorProvider.
Result:
Be able to get the SelectorProvider used by a NioEventLoop.
Motivation:
If a single DATA frame ends up being decompressed into multiple frames by DelegatingDecompressorFrameListener the flow control accounting is delayed until all frames have been decompressed. However it is possible the user may want to return bytes to the flow controller which were not included in the onDataRead return value. In this case the amount of processed bytes has not been incremented and will lead to negative value for processed bytes.
Modifications:
- Http2Decompressor.incrementProcessedBytes should be called each time onDataRead is called to ensure all bytes are accounted for at the correct time
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/5375
Motivation:
There is no need already use synchronized when validate the args of the methods.
Modifications:
First validate arguments and then use synchronized
Result:
Less code executed in synchronized block.
Motivation:
We use pre-instantiated exceptions in various places for performance reasons. These exceptions don't include a stacktrace which makes it hard to know where the exception was thrown. This is especially true as we use the same exception type (for example ChannelClosedException) in different places. Setting some StackTraceElements will provide more context as to where these exceptions original and make debugging easier.
Modifications:
Set a generated StackTraceElement on these pre-instantiated exceptions which at least contains the origin class and method name. The filename and linenumber are specified as unkown (as stated in the javadocs of StackTraceElement).
Result:
Easier to find the origin of a pre-instantiated exception.
Motivation:
When HTTPS is used we should use https in the sec-websocket-origin / origin header
Modifications:
- Correctly generate the sec-websocket-origin / origin header
- Add unit tests.
Result:
Generate correct header.
