make L0 index/filter pinned memory usage predictable (#6911)

Summary:
Memory pinned by `pin_l0_filter_and_index_blocks_in_cache` needs to be predictable based on user config. This PR makes sure
we do not pin extra memory for large files generated by intra-L0 (see https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/6889).
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6911

Test Plan: unit test

Reviewed By: siying

Differential Revision: D21835818

Pulled By: ajkr

fbshipit-source-id: a11a088549d06bed8aacc2548d266e5983f0ead4

HISTORY.md

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 ## Unreleased
 ### Behavior Changes
 * Disable delete triggered compaction (NewCompactOnDeletionCollectorFactory) in universal compaction mode and num_levels = 1 in order to avoid a corruption bug.
+* `pin_l0_filter_and_index_blocks_in_cache` no longer applies to L0 files larger than `1.5 * write_buffer_size` to give more predictable memory usage. Such L0 files may exist due to intra-L0 compaction, external file ingestion, or user dynamically changing `write_buffer_size` (note, however, that files that are already pinned will continue being pinned, even after such a dynamic change).
 
 ### Bug Fixes
 * Fix consistency checking error swallowing in some cases when options.force_consistency_checks = true.

db/builder.cc

@@ -239,7 +239,9 @@ Status BuildTable(
           (internal_stats == nullptr) ? nullptr
                                       : internal_stats->GetFileReadHist(0),
           TableReaderCaller::kFlush, /*arena=*/nullptr,
-          /*skip_filter=*/false, level, /*smallest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
+          /*skip_filter=*/false, level,
+          MaxFileSizeForL0MetaPin(mutable_cf_options),
+          /*smallest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
           /*largest_compaction_key*/ nullptr,
           /*allow_unprepared_value*/ false));
       s = it->status();

db/compaction/compaction_job.cc

@@ -654,6 +654,8 @@ Status CompactionJob::Run() {
                 compact_->compaction->output_level()),
             TableReaderCaller::kCompactionRefill, /*arena=*/nullptr,
             /*skip_filters=*/false, compact_->compaction->output_level(),
+            MaxFileSizeForL0MetaPin(
+                *compact_->compaction->mutable_cf_options()),
             /*smallest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
             /*largest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
             /*allow_unprepared_value=*/false);

db/db_compaction_test.cc

@@ -3184,6 +3184,15 @@ TEST_P(DBCompactionTestWithParam, IntraL0Compaction) {
   options.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger = 5;
   options.max_background_compactions = 2;
   options.max_subcompactions = max_subcompactions_;
+  options.statistics = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CreateDBStatistics();
+  options.write_buffer_size = 2 << 20;  // 2MB
+
+  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
+  table_options.block_cache = NewLRUCache(64 << 20);  // 64MB
+  table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = true;
+  table_options.pin_l0_filter_and_index_blocks_in_cache = true;
+  options.table_factory.reset(new BlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+
   DestroyAndReopen(options);
 
   const size_t kValueSize = 1 << 20;
@@ -3214,6 +3223,7 @@ TEST_P(DBCompactionTestWithParam, IntraL0Compaction) {
       ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(i + 1), value));
     }
     ASSERT_OK(Flush());
+    ASSERT_EQ(i + 1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_MISS));
   }
   dbfull()->TEST_WaitForCompact();
   ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
@@ -3228,6 +3238,16 @@ TEST_P(DBCompactionTestWithParam, IntraL0Compaction) {
   for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
     ASSERT_GE(level_to_files[0][i].fd.file_size, 1 << 21);
   }
+
+  // The index/filter in the file produced by intra-L0 should not be pinned.
+  // That means clearing unref'd entries in block cache and re-accessing the
+  // file produced by intra-L0 should bump the index block miss count.
+  uint64_t prev_index_misses =
+      TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_MISS);
+  table_options.block_cache->EraseUnRefEntries();
+  ASSERT_EQ("", Get(Key(0)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(prev_index_misses + 1,
+            TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_MISS));
 }
 
 TEST_P(DBCompactionTestWithParam, IntraL0CompactionDoesNotObsoleteDeletions) {

db/forward_iterator.cc

@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ class ForwardLevelIterator : public InternalIterator {
         prefix_extractor_, /*table_reader_ptr=*/nullptr,
         /*file_read_hist=*/nullptr, TableReaderCaller::kUserIterator,
         /*arena=*/nullptr, /*skip_filters=*/false, /*level=*/-1,
+        /*max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin=*/0,
         /*smallest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
-        /*largest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
+        /*largest_compaction_key=*/nullptr, allow_unprepared_value_);
-        allow_unprepared_value_);
     file_iter_->SetPinnedItersMgr(pinned_iters_mgr_);
     valid_ = false;
     if (!range_del_agg.IsEmpty()) {
@@ -686,9 +686,9 @@ void ForwardIterator::RebuildIterators(bool refresh_sv) {
         /*table_reader_ptr=*/nullptr, /*file_read_hist=*/nullptr,
         TableReaderCaller::kUserIterator, /*arena=*/nullptr,
         /*skip_filters=*/false, /*level=*/-1,
+        MaxFileSizeForL0MetaPin(sv_->mutable_cf_options),
         /*smallest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
-        /*largest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
+        /*largest_compaction_key=*/nullptr, allow_unprepared_value_));
-        allow_unprepared_value_));
   }
   BuildLevelIterators(vstorage);
   current_ = nullptr;
@@ -764,9 +764,9 @@ void ForwardIterator::RenewIterators() {
         /*table_reader_ptr=*/nullptr, /*file_read_hist=*/nullptr,
         TableReaderCaller::kUserIterator, /*arena=*/nullptr,
         /*skip_filters=*/false, /*level=*/-1,
+        MaxFileSizeForL0MetaPin(svnew->mutable_cf_options),
         /*smallest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
-        /*largest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
+        /*largest_compaction_key=*/nullptr, allow_unprepared_value_));
-        allow_unprepared_value_));
   }
 
   for (auto* f : l0_iters_) {
@@ -830,9 +830,9 @@ void ForwardIterator::ResetIncompleteIterators() {
         /*table_reader_ptr=*/nullptr, /*file_read_hist=*/nullptr,
         TableReaderCaller::kUserIterator, /*arena=*/nullptr,
         /*skip_filters=*/false, /*level=*/-1,
+        MaxFileSizeForL0MetaPin(sv_->mutable_cf_options),
         /*smallest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
-        /*largest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
+        /*largest_compaction_key=*/nullptr, allow_unprepared_value_);
-        allow_unprepared_value_);
     l0_iters_[i]->SetPinnedItersMgr(pinned_iters_mgr_);
   }
 

db/repair.cc

@@ -528,7 +528,8 @@ class Repairer {
           cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions()->prefix_extractor.get(),
           /*table_reader_ptr=*/nullptr, /*file_read_hist=*/nullptr,
           TableReaderCaller::kRepair, /*arena=*/nullptr, /*skip_filters=*/false,
-          /*level=*/-1, /*smallest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
+          /*level=*/-1, /*max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin=*/0,
+          /*smallest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
           /*largest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
           /*allow_unprepared_value=*/false);
       ParsedInternalKey parsed;

db/table_cache.cc

@@ -97,7 +97,8 @@ Status TableCache::GetTableReader(
     bool sequential_mode, bool record_read_stats, HistogramImpl* file_read_hist,
     std::unique_ptr<TableReader>* table_reader,
     const SliceTransform* prefix_extractor, bool skip_filters, int level,
-    bool prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache) {
+    bool prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache,
+    size_t max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin) {
   std::string fname =
       TableFileName(ioptions_.cf_paths, fd.GetNumber(), fd.GetPathId());
   std::unique_ptr<FSRandomAccessFile> file;
@@ -124,7 +125,8 @@ Status TableCache::GetTableReader(
         TableReaderOptions(ioptions_, prefix_extractor, file_options,
                            internal_comparator, skip_filters, immortal_tables_,
                            false /* force_direct_prefetch */, level,
-                           fd.largest_seqno, block_cache_tracer_),
+                           fd.largest_seqno, block_cache_tracer_,
+                           max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin),
         std::move(file_reader), fd.GetFileSize(), table_reader,
         prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache);
     TEST_SYNC_POINT("TableCache::GetTableReader:0");
@@ -145,8 +147,8 @@ Status TableCache::FindTable(const FileOptions& file_options,
                              const SliceTransform* prefix_extractor,
                              const bool no_io, bool record_read_stats,
                              HistogramImpl* file_read_hist, bool skip_filters,
-                             int level,
+                             int level, bool prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache,
-                             bool prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache) {
+                             size_t max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin) {
   PERF_TIMER_GUARD_WITH_ENV(find_table_nanos, ioptions_.env);
   Status s;
   uint64_t number = fd.GetNumber();
@@ -170,7 +172,8 @@ Status TableCache::FindTable(const FileOptions& file_options,
     s = GetTableReader(file_options, internal_comparator, fd,
                        false /* sequential mode */, record_read_stats,
                        file_read_hist, &table_reader, prefix_extractor,
-                       skip_filters, level, prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache);
+                       skip_filters, level, prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache,
+                       max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin);
     if (!s.ok()) {
       assert(table_reader == nullptr);
       RecordTick(ioptions_.statistics, NO_FILE_ERRORS);
@@ -194,6 +197,7 @@ InternalIterator* TableCache::NewIterator(
     RangeDelAggregator* range_del_agg, const SliceTransform* prefix_extractor,
     TableReader** table_reader_ptr, HistogramImpl* file_read_hist,
     TableReaderCaller caller, Arena* arena, bool skip_filters, int level,
+    size_t max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin,
     const InternalKey* smallest_compaction_key,
     const InternalKey* largest_compaction_key, bool allow_unprepared_value) {
   PERF_TIMER_GUARD(new_table_iterator_nanos);
@@ -211,7 +215,9 @@ InternalIterator* TableCache::NewIterator(
     s = FindTable(file_options, icomparator, fd, &handle, prefix_extractor,
                   options.read_tier == kBlockCacheTier /* no_io */,
                   !for_compaction /* record_read_stats */, file_read_hist,
-                  skip_filters, level);
+                  skip_filters, level,
+                  true /* prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache */,
+                  max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin);
     if (s.ok()) {
       table_reader = GetTableReaderFromHandle(handle);
     }
@@ -372,7 +378,7 @@ Status TableCache::Get(const ReadOptions& options,
                        GetContext* get_context,
                        const SliceTransform* prefix_extractor,
                        HistogramImpl* file_read_hist, bool skip_filters,
-                       int level) {
+                       int level, size_t max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin) {
   auto& fd = file_meta.fd;
   std::string* row_cache_entry = nullptr;
   bool done = false;
@@ -397,10 +403,12 @@ Status TableCache::Get(const ReadOptions& options,
   Cache::Handle* handle = nullptr;
   if (!done && s.ok()) {
     if (t == nullptr) {
-      s = FindTable(
+      s = FindTable(file_options_, internal_comparator, fd, &handle,
-          file_options_, internal_comparator, fd, &handle, prefix_extractor,
+                    prefix_extractor,
-          options.read_tier == kBlockCacheTier /* no_io */,
+                    options.read_tier == kBlockCacheTier /* no_io */,
-          true /* record_read_stats */, file_read_hist, skip_filters, level);
+                    true /* record_read_stats */, file_read_hist, skip_filters,
+                    level, true /* prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache */,
+                    max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin);
       if (s.ok()) {
         t = GetTableReaderFromHandle(handle);
       }

db/table_cache.h

@@ -72,7 +72,8 @@ class TableCache {
       const FileMetaData& file_meta, RangeDelAggregator* range_del_agg,
       const SliceTransform* prefix_extractor, TableReader** table_reader_ptr,
       HistogramImpl* file_read_hist, TableReaderCaller caller, Arena* arena,
-      bool skip_filters, int level, const InternalKey* smallest_compaction_key,
+      bool skip_filters, int level, size_t max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin,
+      const InternalKey* smallest_compaction_key,
       const InternalKey* largest_compaction_key, bool allow_unprepared_value);
 
   // If a seek to internal key "k" in specified file finds an entry,
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ class TableCache {
              GetContext* get_context,
              const SliceTransform* prefix_extractor = nullptr,
              HistogramImpl* file_read_hist = nullptr, bool skip_filters = false,
-             int level = -1);
+             int level = -1, size_t max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin = 0);
 
   // Return the range delete tombstone iterator of the file specified by
   // `file_meta`.
@@ -135,7 +136,8 @@ class TableCache {
                    const bool no_io = false, bool record_read_stats = true,
                    HistogramImpl* file_read_hist = nullptr,
                    bool skip_filters = false, int level = -1,
-                   bool prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache = true);
+                   bool prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache = true,
+                   size_t max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin = 0);
 
   // Get TableReader from a cache handle.
   TableReader* GetTableReaderFromHandle(Cache::Handle* handle);
@@ -200,7 +202,8 @@ class TableCache {
                         std::unique_ptr<TableReader>* table_reader,
                         const SliceTransform* prefix_extractor = nullptr,
                         bool skip_filters = false, int level = -1,
-                        bool prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache = true);
+                        bool prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache = true,
+                        size_t max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin = 0);
 
   // Create a key prefix for looking up the row cache. The prefix is of the
   // format row_cache_id + fd_number + seq_no. Later, the user key can be

db/version_builder.cc

@@ -754,7 +754,8 @@ class VersionBuilder::Rep {
   Status LoadTableHandlers(InternalStats* internal_stats, int max_threads,
                            bool prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache,
                            bool is_initial_load,
-                           const SliceTransform* prefix_extractor) {
+                           const SliceTransform* prefix_extractor,
+                           size_t max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin) {
     assert(table_cache_ != nullptr);
 
     size_t table_cache_capacity = table_cache_->get_cache()->GetCapacity();
@@ -823,7 +824,7 @@ class VersionBuilder::Rep {
             file_meta->fd, &file_meta->table_reader_handle, prefix_extractor,
             false /*no_io */, true /* record_read_stats */,
             internal_stats->GetFileReadHist(level), false, level,
-            prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache);
+            prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache, max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin);
         if (file_meta->table_reader_handle != nullptr) {
           // Load table_reader
           file_meta->fd.table_reader = table_cache_->GetTableReaderFromHandle(
@@ -882,10 +883,11 @@ Status VersionBuilder::SaveTo(VersionStorageInfo* vstorage) {
 Status VersionBuilder::LoadTableHandlers(
     InternalStats* internal_stats, int max_threads,
     bool prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache, bool is_initial_load,
-    const SliceTransform* prefix_extractor) {
+    const SliceTransform* prefix_extractor,
-  return rep_->LoadTableHandlers(internal_stats, max_threads,
+    size_t max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin) {
-                                 prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache,
+  return rep_->LoadTableHandlers(
-                                 is_initial_load, prefix_extractor);
+      internal_stats, max_threads, prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache,
+      is_initial_load, prefix_extractor, max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin);
 }
 
 BaseReferencedVersionBuilder::BaseReferencedVersionBuilder(

db/version_builder.h

@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@ class VersionBuilder {
   Status LoadTableHandlers(InternalStats* internal_stats, int max_threads,
                            bool prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache,
                            bool is_initial_load,
-                           const SliceTransform* prefix_extractor);
+                           const SliceTransform* prefix_extractor,
+                           size_t max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin);
 
  private:
   class Rep;

db/version_edit_handler.cc

@@ -414,7 +414,8 @@ Status VersionEditHandler::LoadTables(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
       cfd->internal_stats(),
       version_set_->db_options_->max_file_opening_threads,
       prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache, is_initial_load,
-      cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions()->prefix_extractor.get());
+      cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions()->prefix_extractor.get(),
+      MaxFileSizeForL0MetaPin(*cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions()));
   if ((s.IsPathNotFound() || s.IsCorruption()) &&
       no_error_if_table_files_missing_) {
     s = Status::OK();

db/version_set.cc

@@ -1004,7 +1004,8 @@ class LevelIterator final : public InternalIterator {
         read_options_, file_options_, icomparator_, *file_meta.file_metadata,
         range_del_agg_, prefix_extractor_,
         nullptr /* don't need reference to table */, file_read_hist_, caller_,
-        /*arena=*/nullptr, skip_filters_, level_, smallest_compaction_key,
+        /*arena=*/nullptr, skip_filters_, level_,
+        /*max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin=*/0, smallest_compaction_key,
         largest_compaction_key, allow_unprepared_value_);
   }
 
@@ -1599,10 +1600,9 @@ void Version::AddIteratorsForLevel(const ReadOptions& read_options,
           mutable_cf_options_.prefix_extractor.get(), nullptr,
           cfd_->internal_stats()->GetFileReadHist(0),
           TableReaderCaller::kUserIterator, arena,
-          /*skip_filters=*/false, /*level=*/0,
+          /*skip_filters=*/false, /*level=*/0, max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin_,
           /*smallest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
-          /*largest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
+          /*largest_compaction_key=*/nullptr, allow_unprepared_value));
-          allow_unprepared_value));
     }
     if (should_sample) {
       // Count ones for every L0 files. This is done per iterator creation
@@ -1624,8 +1624,8 @@ void Version::AddIteratorsForLevel(const ReadOptions& read_options,
         mutable_cf_options_.prefix_extractor.get(), should_sample_file_read(),
         cfd_->internal_stats()->GetFileReadHist(level),
         TableReaderCaller::kUserIterator, IsFilterSkipped(level), level,
-        range_del_agg, /*largest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
+        range_del_agg,
-        allow_unprepared_value));
+        /*compaction_boundaries=*/nullptr, allow_unprepared_value));
   }
 }
 
@@ -1659,7 +1659,7 @@ Status Version::OverlapWithLevelIterator(const ReadOptions& read_options,
           mutable_cf_options_.prefix_extractor.get(), nullptr,
           cfd_->internal_stats()->GetFileReadHist(0),
           TableReaderCaller::kUserIterator, &arena,
-          /*skip_filters=*/false, /*level=*/0,
+          /*skip_filters=*/false, /*level=*/0, max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin_,
           /*smallest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
           /*largest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
           /*allow_unprepared_value=*/false));
@@ -1763,6 +1763,8 @@ Version::Version(ColumnFamilyData* column_family_data, VersionSet* vset,
       refs_(0),
       file_options_(file_opt),
       mutable_cf_options_(mutable_cf_options),
+      max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin_(
+          MaxFileSizeForL0MetaPin(mutable_cf_options_)),
       version_number_(version_number) {}
 
 void Version::Get(const ReadOptions& read_options, const LookupKey& k,
@@ -1826,7 +1828,7 @@ void Version::Get(const ReadOptions& read_options, const LookupKey& k,
         cfd_->internal_stats()->GetFileReadHist(fp.GetHitFileLevel()),
         IsFilterSkipped(static_cast<int>(fp.GetHitFileLevel()),
                         fp.IsHitFileLastInLevel()),
-        fp.GetHitFileLevel());
+        fp.GetHitFileLevel(), max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin_);
     // TODO: examine the behavior for corrupted key
     if (timer_enabled) {
       PERF_COUNTER_BY_LEVEL_ADD(get_from_table_nanos, timer.ElapsedNanos(),
@@ -3922,7 +3924,8 @@ Status VersionSet::ProcessManifestWrites(
             cfd->internal_stats(), 1 /* max_threads */,
             true /* prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache */,
             false /* is_initial_load */,
-            mutable_cf_options_ptrs[i]->prefix_extractor.get());
+            mutable_cf_options_ptrs[i]->prefix_extractor.get(),
+            MaxFileSizeForL0MetaPin(*mutable_cf_options_ptrs[i]));
         if (!s.ok()) {
           if (db_options_->paranoid_checks) {
             break;
@@ -4649,7 +4652,8 @@ Status VersionSet::Recover(
           cfd->internal_stats(), db_options_->max_file_opening_threads,
           false /* prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache */,
           true /* is_initial_load */,
-          cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions()->prefix_extractor.get());
+          cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions()->prefix_extractor.get(),
+          MaxFileSizeForL0MetaPin(*cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions()));
       if (!s.ok()) {
         if (db_options_->paranoid_checks) {
           return s;
@@ -5686,13 +5690,14 @@ InternalIterator* VersionSet::MakeInputIterator(
         for (size_t i = 0; i < flevel->num_files; i++) {
           list[num++] = cfd->table_cache()->NewIterator(
               read_options, file_options_compactions,
-              cfd->internal_comparator(),
+              cfd->internal_comparator(), *flevel->files[i].file_metadata,
-              *flevel->files[i].file_metadata, range_del_agg,
+              range_del_agg, c->mutable_cf_options()->prefix_extractor.get(),
-              c->mutable_cf_options()->prefix_extractor.get(),
               /*table_reader_ptr=*/nullptr,
               /*file_read_hist=*/nullptr, TableReaderCaller::kCompaction,
               /*arena=*/nullptr,
-              /*skip_filters=*/false, /*level=*/static_cast<int>(c->level(which)),
+              /*skip_filters=*/false,
+              /*level=*/static_cast<int>(c->level(which)),
+              MaxFileSizeForL0MetaPin(*c->mutable_cf_options()),
               /*smallest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
               /*largest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
               /*allow_unprepared_value=*/false);
@@ -6023,7 +6028,8 @@ Status ReactiveVersionSet::Recover(
                 cfd->internal_stats(), db_options_->max_file_opening_threads,
                 false /* prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache */,
                 true /* is_initial_load */,
-                cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions()->prefix_extractor.get());
+                cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions()->prefix_extractor.get(),
+                MaxFileSizeForL0MetaPin(*cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions()));
             if (!s.ok()) {
               enough = false;
               if (s.IsPathNotFound()) {
@@ -6299,7 +6305,8 @@ Status ReactiveVersionSet::ApplyOneVersionEditToBuilder(
         cfd->internal_stats(), db_options_->max_file_opening_threads,
         false /* prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache */,
         false /* is_initial_load */,
-        cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions()->prefix_extractor.get());
+        cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions()->prefix_extractor.get(),
+        MaxFileSizeForL0MetaPin(*cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions()));
     TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK(
         "ReactiveVersionSet::ApplyOneVersionEditToBuilder:"
         "AfterLoadTableHandlers",

db/version_set.h

@@ -803,6 +803,8 @@ class Version {
   int refs_;                    // Number of live refs to this version
   const FileOptions file_options_;
   const MutableCFOptions mutable_cf_options_;
+  // Cached value to avoid recomputing it on every read.
+  const size_t max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin_;
 
   // A version number that uniquely represents this version. This is
   // used for debugging and logging purposes only.

options/cf_options.cc

@@ -720,6 +720,17 @@ uint64_t MaxFileSizeForLevel(const MutableCFOptions& cf_options,
   }
 }
 
+size_t MaxFileSizeForL0MetaPin(const MutableCFOptions& cf_options) {
+  // We do not want to pin meta-blocks that almost certainly came from intra-L0
+  // or a former larger `write_buffer_size` value to avoid surprising users with
+  // pinned memory usage. We use a factor of 1.5 to account for overhead
+  // introduced during flush in most cases.
+  if (port::kMaxSizet / 3 < cf_options.write_buffer_size / 2) {
+    return port::kMaxSizet;
+  }
+  return cf_options.write_buffer_size / 2 * 3;
+}
+
 void MutableCFOptions::RefreshDerivedOptions(int num_levels,
                                              CompactionStyle compaction_style) {
   max_file_size.resize(num_levels);

options/cf_options.h

@@ -268,4 +268,9 @@ uint64_t MultiplyCheckOverflow(uint64_t op1, double op2);
 uint64_t MaxFileSizeForLevel(const MutableCFOptions& cf_options,
     int level, CompactionStyle compaction_style, int base_level = 1,
     bool level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes = false);
+
+// Get the max size of an L0 file for which we will pin its meta-blocks when
+// `pin_l0_filter_and_index_blocks_in_cache` is set.
+size_t MaxFileSizeForL0MetaPin(const MutableCFOptions& cf_options);
+
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

table/block_based/block_based_table_factory.cc

@@ -420,7 +420,8 @@ Status BlockBasedTableFactory::NewTableReader(
       table_reader_options.level, table_reader_options.immortal,
       table_reader_options.largest_seqno,
       table_reader_options.force_direct_prefetch, &tail_prefetch_stats_,
-      table_reader_options.block_cache_tracer);
+      table_reader_options.block_cache_tracer,
+      table_reader_options.max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin);
 }
 
 TableBuilder* BlockBasedTableFactory::NewTableBuilder(

table/block_based/block_based_table_reader.cc

@@ -610,7 +610,8 @@ Status BlockBasedTable::Open(
     const int level, const bool immortal_table,
     const SequenceNumber largest_seqno, const bool force_direct_prefetch,
     TailPrefetchStats* tail_prefetch_stats,
-    BlockCacheTracer* const block_cache_tracer) {
+    BlockCacheTracer* const block_cache_tracer,
+    size_t max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin) {
   table_reader->reset();
 
   Status s;
@@ -706,7 +707,8 @@ Status BlockBasedTable::Open(
   }
   s = new_table->PrefetchIndexAndFilterBlocks(
       prefetch_buffer.get(), metaindex_iter.get(), new_table.get(),
-      prefetch_all, table_options, level, &lookup_context);
+      prefetch_all, table_options, level, file_size,
+      max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin, &lookup_context);
 
   if (s.ok()) {
     // Update tail prefetch stats
@@ -943,6 +945,7 @@ Status BlockBasedTable::PrefetchIndexAndFilterBlocks(
     FilePrefetchBuffer* prefetch_buffer, InternalIterator* meta_iter,
     BlockBasedTable* new_table, bool prefetch_all,
     const BlockBasedTableOptions& table_options, const int level,
+    size_t file_size, size_t max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin,
     BlockCacheLookupContext* lookup_context) {
   Status s;
 
@@ -987,9 +990,10 @@ Status BlockBasedTable::PrefetchIndexAndFilterBlocks(
 
   const bool use_cache = table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks;
 
-  // pin both index and filters, down to all partitions
+  // pin both index and filters, down to all partitions.
   const bool pin_all =
-      rep_->table_options.pin_l0_filter_and_index_blocks_in_cache && level == 0;
+      rep_->table_options.pin_l0_filter_and_index_blocks_in_cache &&
+      level == 0 && file_size <= max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin;
 
   // prefetch the first level of index
   const bool prefetch_index =

table/block_based/block_based_table_reader.h

@@ -101,7 +101,8 @@ class BlockBasedTable : public TableReader {
                      const SequenceNumber largest_seqno = 0,
                      bool force_direct_prefetch = false,
                      TailPrefetchStats* tail_prefetch_stats = nullptr,
-                     BlockCacheTracer* const block_cache_tracer = nullptr);
+                     BlockCacheTracer* const block_cache_tracer = nullptr,
+                     size_t max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin = 0);
 
   bool PrefixMayMatch(const Slice& internal_key,
                       const ReadOptions& read_options,
@@ -421,6 +422,7 @@ class BlockBasedTable : public TableReader {
       FilePrefetchBuffer* prefetch_buffer, InternalIterator* meta_iter,
       BlockBasedTable* new_table, bool prefetch_all,
       const BlockBasedTableOptions& table_options, const int level,
+      size_t file_size, size_t max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin,
       BlockCacheLookupContext* lookup_context);
 
   static BlockType GetBlockTypeForMetaBlockByName(const Slice& meta_block_name);

table/table_builder.h

@@ -34,11 +34,13 @@ struct TableReaderOptions {
                      const InternalKeyComparator& _internal_comparator,
                      bool _skip_filters = false, bool _immortal = false,
                      bool _force_direct_prefetch = false, int _level = -1,
-                     BlockCacheTracer* const _block_cache_tracer = nullptr)
+                     BlockCacheTracer* const _block_cache_tracer = nullptr,
+                     size_t _max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin = 0)
       : TableReaderOptions(_ioptions, _prefix_extractor, _env_options,
                            _internal_comparator, _skip_filters, _immortal,
                            _force_direct_prefetch, _level,
-                           0 /* _largest_seqno */, _block_cache_tracer) {}
+                           0 /* _largest_seqno */, _block_cache_tracer,
+                           _max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin) {}
 
   // @param skip_filters Disables loading/accessing the filter block
   TableReaderOptions(const ImmutableCFOptions& _ioptions,
@@ -48,7 +50,8 @@ struct TableReaderOptions {
                      bool _skip_filters, bool _immortal,
                      bool _force_direct_prefetch, int _level,
                      SequenceNumber _largest_seqno,
-                     BlockCacheTracer* const _block_cache_tracer)
+                     BlockCacheTracer* const _block_cache_tracer,
+                     size_t _max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin)
       : ioptions(_ioptions),
         prefix_extractor(_prefix_extractor),
         env_options(_env_options),
@@ -58,7 +61,8 @@ struct TableReaderOptions {
         force_direct_prefetch(_force_direct_prefetch),
         level(_level),
         largest_seqno(_largest_seqno),
-        block_cache_tracer(_block_cache_tracer) {}
+        block_cache_tracer(_block_cache_tracer),
+        max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin(_max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin) {}
 
   const ImmutableCFOptions& ioptions;
   const SliceTransform* prefix_extractor;
@@ -77,6 +81,9 @@ struct TableReaderOptions {
   // largest seqno in the table
   SequenceNumber largest_seqno;
   BlockCacheTracer* const block_cache_tracer;
+  // Largest L0 file size whose meta-blocks may be pinned (can be zero when
+  // unknown).
+  const size_t max_file_size_for_l0_meta_pin;
 };
 
 struct TableBuilderOptions {

table/table_test.cc

@@ -378,7 +378,8 @@ class TableConstructor: public Constructor {
     return ioptions.table_factory->NewTableReader(
         TableReaderOptions(ioptions, moptions.prefix_extractor.get(), soptions,
                            internal_comparator, !kSkipFilters, !kImmortal,
-                           false, level_, largest_seqno_, &block_cache_tracer_),
+                           false, level_, largest_seqno_, &block_cache_tracer_,
+                           moptions.write_buffer_size),
         std::move(file_reader_), TEST_GetSink()->contents().size(),
         &table_reader_);
   }