Generate variable length keys in db_stress (#6165)

Summary:
Currently, db_stress generates fixed length keys of 8 bytes. This patch adds the ability to generate variable length keys. Most of the db_stress code continues to work with a numeric key randomly generated, and the numeric key also acts as an index into the values_ array. The numeric key is mapped to a variable length string key in a deterministic way. Furthermore, the ordering is preserved.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6165

Test Plan: run make crash_test

Differential Revision: D19204646

Pulled By: anand1976

fbshipit-source-id: d2d46a96615b4832a8be2a981f5913905f0e1ca7

db_stress_tool/cf_consistency_stress.cc

@@ -244,7 +244,9 @@ class CfConsistencyStressTest : public StressTest {
     std::string upper_bound;
     Slice ub_slice;
     ReadOptions ro_copy = readoptions;
-    if (thread->rand.OneIn(2) && GetNextPrefix(prefix, &upper_bound)) {
+    // Get the next prefix first and then see if we want to set upper bound.
+    // We'll use the next prefix in an assertion later on
+    if (GetNextPrefix(prefix, &upper_bound) && thread->rand.OneIn(2)) {
       ub_slice = Slice(upper_bound);
       ro_copy.iterate_upper_bound = &ub_slice;
     }
@@ -252,13 +254,13 @@ class CfConsistencyStressTest : public StressTest {
         column_families_[rand_column_families[thread->rand.Next() %
                                               rand_column_families.size()]];
     Iterator* iter = db_->NewIterator(ro_copy, cfh);
-    long count = 0;
+    unsigned long count = 0;
     for (iter->Seek(prefix); iter->Valid() && iter->key().starts_with(prefix);
          iter->Next()) {
       ++count;
     }
     assert(prefix_to_use == 0 ||
-           count <= (static_cast<long>(1) << ((8 - prefix_to_use) * 8)));
+           count <= GetPrefixKeyCount(prefix.ToString(), upper_bound));
     Status s = iter->status();
     if (s.ok()) {
       thread->stats.AddPrefixes(1, count);

db_stress_tool/db_stress_common.h

@@ -82,6 +82,9 @@ DECLARE_uint64(seed);
 DECLARE_bool(read_only);
 DECLARE_int64(max_key);
 DECLARE_double(hot_key_alpha);
+DECLARE_int32(max_key_len);
+DECLARE_string(key_len_percent_dist);
+DECLARE_int32(key_window_scale_factor);
 DECLARE_int32(column_families);
 DECLARE_string(options_file);
 DECLARE_int64(active_width);
@@ -351,7 +354,7 @@ inline bool GetNextPrefix(const rocksdb::Slice& src, std::string* v) {
 #endif
 
 // convert long to a big-endian slice key
-extern inline std::string Key(int64_t val) {
+extern inline std::string GetStringFromInt(int64_t val) {
   std::string little_endian_key;
   std::string big_endian_key;
   PutFixed64(&little_endian_key, val);
@@ -363,16 +366,110 @@ extern inline std::string Key(int64_t val) {
   return big_endian_key;
 }
 
+// A struct for maintaining the parameters for generating variable length keys
+struct KeyGenContext {
+  // Number of adjacent keys in one cycle of key lengths
+  uint64_t window;
+  // Number of keys of each possible length in a given window
+  std::vector<uint64_t> weights;
+};
+extern KeyGenContext key_gen_ctx;
+
+// Generate a variable length key string from the given int64 val. The
+// order of the keys is preserved. The key could be anywhere from 8 to
+// max_key_len * 8 bytes.
+// The algorithm picks the length based on the
+// offset of the val within a configured window and the distribution of the
+// number of keys of various lengths in that window. For example, if x, y, x are
+// the weights assigned to each possible key length, the keys generated would be
+// - {0}...{x-1}
+// {(x-1),0}..{(x-1),(y-1)},{(x-1),(y-1),0}..{(x-1),(y-1),(z-1)} and so on.
+// Additionally, a trailer of 0-7 bytes could be appended.
+extern inline std::string Key(int64_t val) {
+  uint64_t window = key_gen_ctx.window;
+  size_t levels = key_gen_ctx.weights.size();
+  std::string key;
+
+  for (size_t level = 0; level < levels; ++level) {
+    uint64_t weight = key_gen_ctx.weights[level];
+    uint64_t offset = static_cast<uint64_t>(val) % window;
+    uint64_t mult = static_cast<uint64_t>(val) / window;
+    uint64_t pfx = mult * weight + (offset >= weight ? weight - 1 : offset);
+    key.append(GetStringFromInt(pfx));
+    if (offset < weight) {
+      // Use the bottom 3 bits of offset as the number of trailing 'x's in the
+      // key. If the next key is going to be of the next level, then skip the
+      // trailer as it would break ordering. If the key length is already at max,
+      // skip the trailer.
+      if (offset < weight - 1 && level < levels - 1) {
+        size_t trailer_len = offset & 0x7;
+        key.append(trailer_len, 'x');
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    val = offset - weight;
+    window -= weight;
+  }
+
+  return key;
+}
+
+// Given a string key, map it to an index into the expected values buffer
 extern inline bool GetIntVal(std::string big_endian_key, uint64_t* key_p) {
-  unsigned int size_key = sizeof(*key_p);
-  assert(big_endian_key.size() == size_key);
+  size_t levels = key_gen_ctx.weights.size();
+  size_t size_key = big_endian_key.size();
+  std::vector<uint64_t> prefixes;
+
+  // Trim the key to multiple of 8 bytes
+  size_key &= ~7;
+  assert(size_key <= levels * sizeof(uint64_t));
+
+  // Pad with zeros to make it a multiple of 8. This function may be called
+  // with a prefix, in which case we return the first index that falls
+  // inside or outside that prefix, dependeing on whether the prefix is
+  // the start of upper bound of a scan
+  unsigned int pad = sizeof(uint64_t) - (size_key % sizeof(uint64_t));
+  if (pad < sizeof(uint64_t)) {
+    big_endian_key.append(pad, '\0');
+  }
+
   std::string little_endian_key;
   little_endian_key.resize(size_key);
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < size_key; ++i) {
-    little_endian_key[i] = big_endian_key[size_key - 1 - i];
+  for (size_t level = 0; level < size_key; level += sizeof(int64_t)) {
+    size_t start = level * sizeof(int64_t);
+    size_t end = (level + 1) * sizeof(int64_t);
+    for (size_t i = start; i < end; ++i) {
+      little_endian_key[i] = big_endian_key[end - 1 - i];
+    }
+    Slice little_endian_slice =
+        Slice(&little_endian_key[start], sizeof(int64_t));
+    uint64_t pfx;
+    if (!GetFixed64(&little_endian_slice, &pfx)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    prefixes.emplace_back(pfx);
   }
-  Slice little_endian_slice = Slice(little_endian_key);
-  return GetFixed64(&little_endian_slice, key_p);
+
+  uint64_t key = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < prefixes.size(); ++i) {
+    uint64_t pfx = prefixes[i];
+    key += (pfx / key_gen_ctx.weights[i]) * key_gen_ctx.window +
+           pfx % key_gen_ctx.weights[i];
+  }
+  *key_p = key;
+  return true;
+}
+
+extern inline uint64_t GetPrefixKeyCount(const std::string& prefix,
+                                         const std::string& ub) {
+  uint64_t start = 0;
+  uint64_t end = 0;
+
+  if (!GetIntVal(prefix, &start) || !GetIntVal(ub, &end)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return end - start;
 }
 
 extern inline std::string StringToHex(const std::string& str) {

db_stress_tool/db_stress_gflags.cc

@@ -28,6 +28,17 @@ DEFINE_bool(read_only, false, "True if open DB in read-only mode during tests");
 DEFINE_int64(max_key, 1 * KB * KB,
              "Max number of key/values to place in database");
 
+DEFINE_int32(max_key_len, 3, "Maximum length of a key in 8-byte units");
+
+DEFINE_string(key_len_percent_dist, "",
+              "Percentages of keys of various lengths. For example, 1,30,69 "
+              "means 1% of keys are 8 bytes, 30% are 16 bytes, and 69% are "
+              "24 bytes. If not specified, it will be evenly distributed");
+
+DEFINE_int32(key_window_scale_factor, 10,
+              "This value will be multiplied by 100 to come up with a window "
+              "size for varying the key length");
+
 DEFINE_int32(column_families, 10, "Number of column families");
 
 DEFINE_double(

db_stress_tool/db_stress_tool.cc

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ static std::shared_ptr<rocksdb::Env> env_guard;
 static std::shared_ptr<rocksdb::DbStressEnvWrapper> env_wrapper_guard;
 }  // namespace
 
+KeyGenContext key_gen_ctx;
+
 int db_stress_tool(int argc, char** argv) {
   SetUsageMessage(std::string("\nUSAGE:\n") + std::string(argv[0]) +
                   " [OPTIONS]...");
@@ -197,6 +199,38 @@ int db_stress_tool(int argc, char** argv) {
   rocksdb_kill_odds = FLAGS_kill_random_test;
   rocksdb_kill_prefix_blacklist = SplitString(FLAGS_kill_prefix_blacklist);
 
+  unsigned int levels = FLAGS_max_key_len;
+  std::vector<std::string> weights;
+  uint64_t scale_factor = FLAGS_key_window_scale_factor;
+  key_gen_ctx.window = scale_factor * 100;
+  if (!FLAGS_key_len_percent_dist.empty()) {
+    weights = SplitString(FLAGS_key_len_percent_dist);
+    if (weights.size() != levels) {
+      fprintf(stderr,
+              "Number of weights in key_len_dist should be equal to"
+              " max_key_len");
+      exit(1);
+    }
+
+    uint64_t total_weight = 0;
+    for (std::string& weight : weights) {
+      uint64_t val = std::stoull(weight);
+      key_gen_ctx.weights.emplace_back(val * scale_factor);
+      total_weight += val;
+    }
+    if (total_weight != 100) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "Sum of all weights in key_len_dist should be 100");
+      exit(1);
+    }
+  } else {
+    uint64_t keys_per_level = key_gen_ctx.window / levels;
+    for (unsigned int level = 0; level < levels - 1; ++level) {
+      key_gen_ctx.weights.emplace_back(keys_per_level);
+    }
+    key_gen_ctx.weights.emplace_back(key_gen_ctx.window -
+                                     keys_per_level * (levels - 1));
+  }
+
   std::unique_ptr<rocksdb::StressTest> stress;
   if (FLAGS_test_cf_consistency) {
     stress.reset(CreateCfConsistencyStressTest());

db_stress_tool/no_batched_ops_stress.cc

@@ -52,12 +52,13 @@ class NonBatchedOpsStressTest : public StressTest {
           Slice k = keystr;
           Status s = iter->status();
           if (iter->Valid()) {
+            Slice iter_key = iter->key();
             if (iter->key().compare(k) > 0) {
               s = Status::NotFound(Slice());
             } else if (iter->key().compare(k) == 0) {
               from_db = iter->value().ToString();
               iter->Next();
-            } else if (iter->key().compare(k) < 0) {
+            } else if (iter_key.compare(k) < 0) {
               VerificationAbort(shared, "An out of range key was found",
                                 static_cast<int>(cf), i);
             }
@@ -197,19 +198,21 @@ class NonBatchedOpsStressTest : public StressTest {
     std::string upper_bound;
     Slice ub_slice;
     ReadOptions ro_copy = read_opts;
-    if (thread->rand.OneIn(2) && GetNextPrefix(prefix, &upper_bound)) {
+    // Get the next prefix first and then see if we want to set upper bound.
+    // We'll use the next prefix in an assertion later on
+    if (GetNextPrefix(prefix, &upper_bound) && thread->rand.OneIn(2)) {
       // For half of the time, set the upper bound to the next prefix
       ub_slice = Slice(upper_bound);
       ro_copy.iterate_upper_bound = &ub_slice;
     }
 
     Iterator* iter = db_->NewIterator(ro_copy, cfh);
-    long count = 0;
+    unsigned long count = 0;
     for (iter->Seek(prefix); iter->Valid() && iter->key().starts_with(prefix);
          iter->Next()) {
       ++count;
     }
-    assert(count <= (static_cast<long>(1) << ((8 - FLAGS_prefix_size) * 8)));
+    assert(count <= GetPrefixKeyCount(prefix.ToString(), upper_bound));
     Status s = iter->status();
     if (iter->status().ok()) {
       thread->stats.AddPrefixes(1, count);

tools/db_crashtest.py

@@ -107,7 +107,9 @@ default_params = {
     # "level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes" : True,
     "verify_checksum_one_in": 1000000,
     "verify_db_one_in": 100000,
-    "continuous_verification_interval" : 0
+    "continuous_verification_interval" : 0,
+    "max_key_len": 3,
+    "key_len_percent_dist": "1,30,69"
 }
 
 _TEST_DIR_ENV_VAR = 'TEST_TMPDIR'