Summary:
`GenericRateLimiter` slow path handles requests that cannot be satisfied
immediately. Such requests enter a queue, and their thread stays in `Request()`
until they are granted or the rate limiter is stopped. These threads are
responsible for unblocking themselves. The work to do so is split into two main
duties.
(1) Waiting for the next refill time.
(2) Refilling the bytes and granting requests.
Prior to this PR, the slow path logic involved a leader election algorithm to
pick one thread to perform (1) followed by (2). It elected the thread whose
request was at the front of the highest priority non-empty queue since that
request was most likely to be granted. This algorithm was efficient in terms of
reducing intermediate wakeups, which is a thread waking up only to resume
waiting after finding its request is not granted. However, the conceptual
complexity of this algorithm was too high. It took me a long time to draw a
timeline to understand how it works for just one edge case yet there were so
many.
This PR drops the leader election to reduce conceptual complexity. Now, the two
duties can be performed by whichever thread acquires the lock first. The risk
of this change is increasing the number of intermediate wakeups, however, we
took steps to mitigate that.
- `wait_until_refill_pending_` flag ensures only one thread performs (1). This\
prevents the thundering herd problem at the next refill time. The remaining\
threads wait on their condition variable with an unbounded duration -- thus we\
must remember to notify them to ensure forward progress.
- (1) is typically done by a thread at the front of a queue. This is trivial\
when the queues are initially empty as the first choice that arrives must be\
the only entry in its queue. When queues are initially non-empty, we achieve\
this by having (2) notify a thread at the front of a queue (preferring higher\
priority) to perform the next duty.
- We do not require any additional wakeup for (2). Typically it will just be\
done by the thread that finished (1).
Combined, the second and third bullet points above suggest the refill/granting
will typically be done by a request at the front of its queue. This is
important because one wakeup is saved when a granted request happens to be in an
already running thread.
Note there are a few cases that still lead to intermediate wakeup, however. The
first two are existing issues that also apply to the old algorithm, however, the
third (including both subpoints) is new.
- No request may be granted (only possible when rate limit dynamically\
decreases).
- Requests from a different queue may be granted.
- (2) may be run by a non-front request thread causing it to not be granted even\
if some requests in that same queue are granted. It can happen for a couple\
(unlikely) reasons.
- A new request may sneak in and grab the lock at the refill time, before the\
thread finishing (1) can wake up and grab it.
- A new request may sneak in and grab the lock and execute (1) before (2)'s\
chosen candidate can wake up and grab the lock. Then that non-front request\
thread performing (1) can carry over to perform (2).
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8602
Test Plan:
- Use existing tests. The edge cases listed in the comment are all performance\
related; I could not really think of any related to correctness. The logic\
looks the same whether a thread wakes up/finishes its work early/on-time/late,\
or whether the thread is chosen vs. "steals" the work.
- Verified write throughput and CPU overhead are basically the same with and\
without this change, even in a rate limiter heavy workload:
Test command:
```
$ rm -rf /dev/shm/dbbench/ && TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm /usr/bin/time ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -num_multi_db=64 -num_low_pri_threads=64 -num_high_pri_threads=64 -write_buffer_size=262144 -target_file_size_base=262144 -max_bytes_for_level_base=1048576 -rate_limiter_bytes_per_sec=16777216 -key_size=24 -value_size=1000 -num=10000 -compression_type=none -rate_limiter_refill_period_us=1000
```
Results before this PR:
```
fillrandom : 108.463 micros/op 9219 ops/sec; 9.0 MB/s
7.40user 8.84system 1:26.20elapsed 18%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 256140maxresident)k
```
Results after this PR:
```
fillrandom : 108.108 micros/op 9250 ops/sec; 9.0 MB/s
7.45user 8.23system 1:26.68elapsed 18%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 255688maxresident)k
```
Reviewed By: hx235
Differential Revision: D30048013
Pulled By: ajkr
fbshipit-source-id: 6741bba9d9dfbccab359806d725105817fef818b
Summary:
Context:
As need for new feature of resource management using RocksDB's rate limiter like [https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/8595](https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8595) arises, it is about time to re-learn our rate limiter and make this learning process easier for others by improving its readability. The comment/assertion/one extra else-branch are added based on my best understanding toward the rate_limiter.cc and rate_limiter_test.cc up to date after giving it a hard read.
- Add code comments/assertion/one extra else-branch (that is not affecting existing behavior, see PR comment) to describe how leader-election works under multi-thread settings in GenericRateLimiter::Request()
- Add code comments to describe a non-obvious trick during clean-up of rate limiter destructor
- Add code comments to explain more about the starvation being fixed in GenericRateLimiter::Refill() through partial byte-granting
- Add code comments to the rate limiter's setup in a complicated unit test in rate_limiter_test
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8596
Test Plan: - passed existing rate_limiter_test.cc
Reviewed By: ajkr
Differential Revision: D29982590
Pulled By: hx235
fbshipit-source-id: c3592986bb5b0c90d8229fe44f425251ec7e8a0a
Summary:
Introduces and uses a SystemClock class to RocksDB. This class contains the time-related functions of an Env and these functions can be redirected from the Env to the SystemClock.
Many of the places that used an Env (Timer, PerfStepTimer, RepeatableThread, RateLimiter, WriteController) for time-related functions have been changed to use SystemClock instead. There are likely more places that can be changed, but this is a start to show what can/should be done. Over time it would be nice to migrate most (if not all) of the uses of the time functions from the Env to the SystemClock.
There are several Env classes that implement these functions. Most of these have not been converted yet to SystemClock implementations; that will come in a subsequent PR. It would be good to unify many of the Mock Timer implementations, so that they behave similarly and be tested similarly (some override Sleep, some use a MockSleep, etc).
Additionally, this change will allow new methods to be introduced to the SystemClock (like https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/7101 WaitFor) in a consistent manner across a smaller number of classes.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/7858
Reviewed By: pdillinger
Differential Revision: D26006406
Pulled By: mrambacher
fbshipit-source-id: ed10a8abbdab7ff2e23d69d85bd25b3e7e899e90
Summary:
The minimum rate check in RateLimiterTest.Rate can fail in
Facebook's CI system Sandcastle, presumably due to heavily loaded
machines. This change disables the minimum rate check for Sandcastle
runs, and cleans up the code disabling it on other CI environments. (The
amount of conditionally compiled code shall be minimized.)
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/7728
Test Plan: try new test with and without setting envvar SANDCASTLE=1
Reviewed By: ltamasi
Differential Revision: D25247642
Pulled By: pdillinger
fbshipit-source-id: d786233af37af9a874adbb3a9e2707ec52c27a5a
Summary:
as title
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/7536
Test Plan: see the new `build-macos` tests pass in circleci
Reviewed By: jay-zhuang
Differential Revision: D24243218
Pulled By: cheng-chang
fbshipit-source-id: 9b5f8a859e54c99a9ebe7efff6f336458a5d42de
Summary:
We have a number of tests hanging on MacOS and windows due to
mishandling of code for mock sleeps. In addition, the code was in
terrible shape because the same variable (addon_time_) would sometimes
refer to microseconds and sometimes to seconds. One test even assumed it
was nanoseconds but was written to pass anyway.
This has been cleaned up so that DB tests generally use a SpecialEnv
function to mock sleep, for either some number of microseconds or seconds
depending on the function called. But to call one of these, the test must first
call SetMockSleep (precondition enforced with assertion), which also turns
sleeps in RocksDB into mock sleeps. To also removes accounting for actual
clock time, call SetTimeElapseOnlySleepOnReopen, which implies
SetMockSleep (on DB re-open). This latter setting only works by applying
on DB re-open, otherwise havoc can ensue if Env goes back in time with
DB open.
More specifics:
Removed some unused test classes, and updated comments on the general
problem.
Fixed DBSSTTest.GetTotalSstFilesSize using a sync point callback instead
of mock time. For this we have the only modification to production code,
inserting a sync point callback in flush_job.cc, which is not a change to
production behavior.
Removed unnecessary resetting of mock times to 0 in many tests. RocksDB
deals in relative time. Any behaviors relying on absolute date/time are likely
a bug. (The above test DBSSTTest.GetTotalSstFilesSize was the only one
clearly injecting a specific absolute time for actual testing convenience.) Just
in case I misunderstood some test, I put this note in each replacement:
// NOTE: Presumed unnecessary and removed: resetting mock time in env
Strengthened some tests like MergeTestTime, MergeCompactionTimeTest, and
FilterCompactionTimeTest in db_test.cc
stats_history_test and blob_db_test are each their own beast, rather deeply
dependent on MockTimeEnv. Each gets its own variant of a work-around for
TimedWait in a mock time environment. (Reduces redundancy and
inconsistency in stats_history_test.)
Intended follow-up:
Remove TimedWait from the public API of InstrumentedCondVar, and only
make that accessible through Env by passing in an InstrumentedCondVar and
a deadline. Then the Env implementations mocking time can fix this problem
without using sync points. (Test infrastructure using sync points interferes
with individual tests' control over sync points.)
With that change, we can simplify/consolidate the scattered work-arounds.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/7101
Test Plan: make check on Linux and MacOS
Reviewed By: zhichao-cao
Differential Revision: D23032815
Pulled By: pdillinger
fbshipit-source-id: 7f33967ada8b83011fb54e8279365c008bd6610b
Summary:
When dynamically linking two binaries together, different builds of RocksDB from two sources might cause errors. To provide a tool for user to solve the problem, the RocksDB namespace is changed to a flag which can be overridden in build time.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6433
Test Plan: Build release, all and jtest. Try to build with ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE with another flag.
Differential Revision: D19977691
fbshipit-source-id: aa7f2d0972e1c31d75339ac48478f34f6cfcfb3e
Summary:
Further apply formatter to more recent commits.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5830
Test Plan: Run all existing tests.
Differential Revision: D17488031
fbshipit-source-id: 137458fd94d56dd271b8b40c522b03036943a2ab
Summary:
When using `PRIu64` type of printf specifier, current code base does the following:
```
#ifndef __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS
#define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS
#endif
#include <inttypes.h>
```
However, this can be simplified to
```
#include <cinttypes>
```
as long as flag `-std=c++11` is used.
This should solve issues like https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/5159
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5402
Differential Revision: D15701195
Pulled By: miasantreble
fbshipit-source-id: 6dac0a05f52aadb55e9728038599d3d2e4b59d03
Summary:
There are too many types of files under util/. Some test related files don't belong to there or just are just loosely related. Mo
ve them to a new directory test_util/, so that util/ is cleaner.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5377
Differential Revision: D15551366
Pulled By: siying
fbshipit-source-id: 0f5c8653832354ef8caa31749c0143815d719e2c
Summary:
This PR comments out the rest of the unused arguments which allow us to turn on the -Wunused-parameter flag. This is the second part of a codemod relating to https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3557.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3662
Differential Revision: D7426121
Pulled By: Dayvedde
fbshipit-source-id: 223994923b42bd4953eb016a0129e47560f7e352
Summary:
Dynamic adjustment of rate limit according to demand for background I/O. It increases by a factor when limiter is drained too frequently, and decreases by the same factor when limiter is not drained frequently enough. The parameters for this behavior are fixed in `GenericRateLimiter::Tune`. Other changes:
- make rate limiter's `Env*` configurable for testing
- track num drain intervals in RateLimiter so we don't have to rely on stats, which may be shared across different DB instances from the ones that share the RateLimiter.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2899
Differential Revision: D5858704
Pulled By: ajkr
fbshipit-source-id: cc2bac30f85e7f6fd63655d0a6732ef9ed7403b1
Summary:
RateLimiterTest.Rate test has been failing continuously since many days on travis in Mac OSX PLATFORM_DEPENDENT test suite.
Check https://travis-ci.org/facebook/rocksdb/pull_requests.
Disabling this test for now, so that we can investigate more in depth.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2451
Differential Revision: D5250147
Pulled By: sagar0
fbshipit-source-id: d58476a3c2792d20e875754d1516c4bc7174e86c
Summary:
Allow users to rate limit background work based on read bytes, written bytes, or sum of read and written bytes. Support these by changing the RateLimiter API, so no additional options were needed.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2433
Differential Revision: D5216946
Pulled By: ajkr
fbshipit-source-id: aec57a8357dbb4bfde2003261094d786d94f724e
Summary:
This is the metric I plan to use for adaptive rate limiting. The statistics are updated only if the rate limiter is drained by flush or compaction. I believe (but am not certain) that this is the normal case.
The Statistics object is passed in RateLimiter::Request() to avoid requiring changes to client code, which would've been necessary if we passed it in the RateLimiter constructor.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/1946
Differential Revision: D4646489
Pulled By: ajkr
fbshipit-source-id: d8e0161
Summary:
In the current implementation of RateLimiter, the difference
between the configured rate and the actual rate might be more
than 20%, while our test only allows 15% difference. This diff
relaxes the acceptable bias RateLimiterTest::Rate test be 25%
to make the test less flaky.
Test Plan: rate_limiter_test
Reviewers: IslamAbdelRahman, andrewkr, yiwu, lightmark, sdong
Reviewed By: sdong
Subscribers: andrewkr, dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D64941
Summary: 0.9 can make the test flaky since just found one test fail with 0.88
Test Plan: make all check
Reviewers: sdong, andrewkr
Reviewed By: andrewkr
Subscribers: andrewkr, dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D63939
* Create rate limiter using factory function in the test.
* Convert function local statics in option helper to a C array
that does not perform dynamic memory allocation. This is helpful
when you try to memory isolate different DB instances.
Summary: When rate_bytes_per_sec * refill_period_us_ overflows, the actual limited rate is very low. Handle this case so the rate will be large.
Test Plan: Add a unit test for it.
Reviewers: IslamAbdelRahman, andrewkr
Reviewed By: andrewkr
Subscribers: yiwu, lightmark, leveldb, andrewkr, dhruba
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D58929
Summary: This feature is going to be useful for mongodb+rocksdb. I'll expose it through mongo's API.
Test Plan: added new unit test. also will run TSAN on the new unit test
Reviewers: meyering, sdong
Reviewed By: meyering, sdong
Subscribers: meyering, dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D35307
Summary:
Our existing test notation is very similar to what is used in gtest. It makes it easy to adopt what is different.
In this diff I modify existing [[ https://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/Primer#Test_Fixtures:_Using_the_Same_Data_Configuration_for_Multiple_Te | test fixture ]] classes to inherit from `testing::Test`. Also for unit tests that use fixture class, `TEST` is replaced with `TEST_F` as required in gtest.
There are several custom `main` functions in our existing tests. To make this transition easier, I modify all `main` functions to fallow gtest notation. But eventually we can remove them and use implementation of `main` that gtest provides.
```lang=bash
% cat ~/transform
#!/bin/sh
files=$(git ls-files '*test\.cc')
for file in $files
do
if grep -q "rocksdb::test::RunAllTests()" $file
then
if grep -Eq '^class \w+Test {' $file
then
perl -pi -e 's/^(class \w+Test) {/${1}: public testing::Test {/g' $file
perl -pi -e 's/^(TEST)/${1}_F/g' $file
fi
perl -pi -e 's/(int main.*\{)/${1}::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);/g' $file
perl -pi -e 's/rocksdb::test::RunAllTests/RUN_ALL_TESTS/g' $file
fi
done
% sh ~/transform
% make format
```
Second iteration of this diff contains only scripted changes.
Third iteration contains manual changes to fix last errors and make it compilable.
Test Plan:
Build and notice no errors.
```lang=bash
% USE_CLANG=1 make check -j55
```
Tests are still testing.
Reviewers: meyering, sdong, rven, igor
Reviewed By: igor
Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D35157
Summary:
We need to turn on -Wshorten-64-to-32 for mobile. See D1671432 (internal phabricator) for details.
This diff turns on the warning flag and fixes all the errors. There were also some interesting errors that I might call bugs, especially in plain table. Going forward, I think it makes sense to have this flag turned on and be very very careful when converting 64-bit to 32-bit variables.
Test Plan: compiles
Reviewers: ljin, rven, yhchiang, sdong
Reviewed By: yhchiang
Subscribers: bobbaldwin, dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D28689
Summary:
...and fix all the errors :)
Jim suggested turning on -Wshadow because it helped him fix number of critical bugs in fbcode. I think it's a good idea to be -Wshadow clean.
Test Plan: compiles
Reviewers: yhchiang, rven, sdong, ljin
Reviewed By: ljin
Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D27711
Summary:
User gets undefinied error since the definition is not exposed.
Also re-enable the db test with only upper bound check
Test Plan: db_test, rate_limit_test
Reviewers: igor, yhchiang, sdong
Reviewed By: sdong
Subscribers: leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D20403
Summary:
A generic rate limiter that can be shared by threads and rocksdb
instances. Will use this to smooth out write traffic generated by
compaction and flush. This will help us get better p99 behavior on flash
storage.
Test Plan:
unit test output
==== Test RateLimiterTest.Rate
request size [1 - 1023], limit 10 KB/sec, actual rate: 10.374969 KB/sec, elapsed 2002265
request size [1 - 2047], limit 20 KB/sec, actual rate: 20.771242 KB/sec, elapsed 2002139
request size [1 - 4095], limit 40 KB/sec, actual rate: 41.285299 KB/sec, elapsed 2202424
request size [1 - 8191], limit 80 KB/sec, actual rate: 81.371605 KB/sec, elapsed 2402558
request size [1 - 16383], limit 160 KB/sec, actual rate: 162.541268 KB/sec, elapsed 3303500
Reviewers: yhchiang, igor, sdong
Reviewed By: sdong
Subscribers: leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D19359
