Summary:
The patch adds basic garbage collection support to the integrated BlobDB
implementation. Valid blobs residing in the oldest blob files are relocated
as they are encountered during compaction. The threshold that determines
which blob files qualify is computed based on the configuration option
`blob_garbage_collection_age_cutoff`, which was introduced in https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/7661 .
Once a blob is retrieved for the purposes of relocation, it passes through the
same logic that extracts large values to blob files in general. This means that
if, for instance, the size threshold for key-value separation (`min_blob_size`)
got changed or writing blob files got disabled altogether, it is possible for the
value to be moved back into the LSM tree. In particular, one way to re-inline
all blob values if needed would be to perform a full manual compaction with
`enable_blob_files` set to `false`, `enable_blob_garbage_collection` set to
`true`, and `blob_file_garbage_collection_age_cutoff` set to `1.0`.
Some TODOs that I plan to address in separate PRs:
1) We'll have to measure the amount of new garbage in each blob file and log
`BlobFileGarbage` entries as part of the compaction job's `VersionEdit`.
(For the time being, blob files are cleaned up solely based on the
`oldest_blob_file_number` relationships.)
2) When compression is used for blobs, the compression type hasn't changed,
and the blob still qualifies for being written to a blob file, we can simply copy
the compressed blob to the new file instead of going through decompression
and compression.
3) We need to update the formula for computing write amplification to account
for the amount of data read from blob files as part of GC.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/7694
Test Plan: `make check`
Reviewed By: riversand963
Differential Revision: D25069663
Pulled By: ltamasi
fbshipit-source-id: bdfa8feb09afcf5bca3b4eba2ba72ce2f15cd06a
Summary:
The logic for computing min_log_number_to_keep in atomic flush was incorrect.
For example, when all column families are flushed, the min_log_number_to_keep should be the latest new log. But the incorrect logic calls `PrecomputeMinLogNumberToKeepNon2PC` for each column family, and returns the minimum of them. However, `PrecomputeMinLogNumberToKeepNon2PC(cf)` assumes column families other than `cf` are flushed, but in case all column families are flushed, this assumption is incorrect.
Without this fix, the WAL referenced by the computed min_log_number_to_keep may actually contain no unflushed data, so the WAL might have actually been deleted from disk on recovery, then an incorrect error `Corruption: missing WAL` will be reported.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/7660
Test Plan:
run `make crash_test_with_atomic_flush` on devserver
added a unit test in `db_flush_test`
Reviewed By: riversand963
Differential Revision: D24906265
Pulled By: cheng-chang
fbshipit-source-id: 08deda62e71f67f59e3b7925cdd86dd09bd4f430
Summary:
Added a few classes in the same class hierarchy to remove code duplication and
refactor the logic of reading and processing MANIFEST files.
New classes are as follows.
```
class VersionEditHandlerBase;
class ListColumnFamiliesHandler : VersionEditHandlerBase;
class FileChecksumRetriever : VersionEditHandlerBase;
class DumpManifestHandler : VersionEditHandler;
```
Classes that already existed before this PR are as follows.
```
class VersionEditHandler : VersionEditHandlerBase;
```
With these classes, refactored functions: `VersionSet::Recover()`,
`VersionSet::ListColumnFamilies()`, `VersionSet::DumpManifest()`,
`GetFileChecksumFromManifest()`.
Test Plan (devserver):
```
make check
COMPILE_WITH_ASAN=1 make check
```
These refactored code, especially recovery-related logic, will be tested intensively by
all existing unit tests and stress tests. For example, run
```
make crash_test
```
Verified 3 successful runs on devserver.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6581
Reviewed By: ajkr
Differential Revision: D20616217
Pulled By: riversand963
fbshipit-source-id: 048c7743aa4be2623ccd0cc3e61c0027e604e78b
Summary:
Currently, the following interleaving of events can lead to SuperVersion containing both immutable memtables as well as the resulting L0. This can cause Get to return incorrect result if there are merge operands. This may also affect other operations such as single deletes.
```
time main_thr bg_flush_thr bg_compact_thr compact_thr set_opts_thr
0 | WriteManifest:0
1 | issue compact
2 | wait
3 | Merge(counter)
4 | issue flush
5 | wait
6 | WriteManifest:1
7 | wake up
8 | write manifest
9 | wake up
10 | Get(counter)
11 | remove imm
V
```
The reason behind is that: one bg flush thread's installing new `Version` can be batched and performed by another thread that is the "leader" MANIFEST writer. This bg thread removes the memtables from current super version only after `LogAndApply` returns. After the leader MANIFEST writer signals (releasing mutex) this bg flush thread, it is possible that another thread sees this cf with both memtables (whose data have been flushed to the newest L0) and the L0 before this bg flush thread removes the memtables.
To address this issue, each bg flush thread can pass a callback function to `LogAndApply`. The callback is responsible for removing the memtables. Therefore, the leader MANIFEST writer can call this callback and remove the memtables before releasing the mutex.
Test plan (devserver)
```
$make merge_test
$./merge_test --gtest_filter=MergeTest.MergeWithCompactionAndFlush
$make check
```
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6069
Reviewed By: cheng-chang
Differential Revision: D18790894
Pulled By: riversand963
fbshipit-source-id: e41bd600c0448b4f4b2deb3f7677f95e3076b4ed
Summary:
This PR makes it able to `LogAndApply` `VersionEdit`s related to WALs, and also be able to `Recover` from MANIFEST with WAL related `VersionEdit`s.
The `VersionEdit`s related to WAL are treated similarly as those related to column family operations, they are not applied to versions, but can be in a commit group. Mixing WAL related `VersionEdit`s with other types of edits will make logic in `ProcessManifestWrite` more complicated, so `VersionEdit`s related to WAL can either be WAL additions or deletions, like column family add and drop.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/7256
Test Plan: a set of unit tests are added in `version_set_test.cc`
Reviewed By: riversand963
Differential Revision: D23123238
Pulled By: cheng-chang
fbshipit-source-id: 246be2ed4744fd03fa2738aba408aaa611d0379c
Summary:
The patch adds blob file support to the `Get` API by extending `Version` so that
whenever a blob reference is read from a file, the blob is retrieved from the corresponding
blob file and passed back to the caller. (This is assuming the blob reference is valid
and the blob file is actually part of the given `Version`.) It also introduces a cache
of `BlobFileReader`s called `BlobFileCache` that enables sharing `BlobFileReader`s
between callers. `BlobFileCache` uses the same backing cache as `TableCache`, so
`max_open_files` (if specified) limits the total number of open (table + blob) files.
TODO: proactively open/cache blob files and pin the cache handles of the readers in the
metadata objects similarly to what `VersionBuilder::LoadTableHandlers` does for
table files.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/7540
Test Plan: `make check`
Reviewed By: riversand963
Differential Revision: D24260219
Pulled By: ltamasi
fbshipit-source-id: a8a2a4f11d3d04d6082201b52184bc4d7b0857ba
Summary:
Replace FSWritableFile pointer with FSWritableFilePtr
object in WritableFileWriter.
This new object wraps FSWritableFile pointer.
Objective: If tracing is enabled, FSWritableFile Ptr returns
FSWritableFileTracingWrapper pointer that includes all necessary
information in IORecord and calls underlying FileSystem and invokes
IOTracer to dump that record in a binary file. If tracing is disabled
then, underlying FileSystem pointer is returned directly.
FSWritableFilePtr wrapper class is added to bypass the
FSWritableFileWrapper when
tracing is disabled.
Test Plan: make check -j64
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/7193
Reviewed By: anand1976
Differential Revision: D23355915
Pulled By: akankshamahajan15
fbshipit-source-id: e62a27a13c1fd77e36a6dbafc7006d969bed25cf
Summary:
As part of the IOTracing project, this PR
1. Caches "FileSystemPtr" object(wrapper class that returns file system pointer based on tracing enabled) instead of "FileSystem" pointer.
2. FileSystemPtr object is created using FileSystem pointer and IOTracer
pointer.
3. IOTracer shared_ptr is created in DBImpl and it is passed to different classes through constructor.
4. When tracing is enabled through DB::StartIOTrace, FileSystemPtr
returns FileSystemTracingWrapper pointer for tracing purpose and when
it is disabled underlying FileSystem pointer is returned.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/7180
Test Plan:
make check -j64
COMPILE_WITH_TSAN=1 make check -j64
Reviewed By: anand1976
Differential Revision: D22987117
Pulled By: akankshamahajan15
fbshipit-source-id: 6073617e4c2d5bc363914f3a1f55ae3b0a58fbf1
Summary:
`VersionStorageInfo::AddFile` currently has a debug-mode consistency
check to make sure the newly added file does not overlap with the
previous one (for levels below L0). Considering that
`VersionBuilder::CheckConsistency` also performs similar checks (in
fact, those checks are more comprehensive and cover L0 as well), this
check is redundant. The patch removes it and also cleans up `AddFile` a
little.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/7237
Test Plan: `make check`
Reviewed By: riversand963
Differential Revision: D23041937
Pulled By: ltamasi
fbshipit-source-id: e00665f3b83bfd17f86c54c238800f3d77d739bd
Summary:
`WalAddition`, `WalDeletion` are defined in `wal_version.h` and used in `VersionEdit`.
`WalAddition` is used to represent events of creating a new WAL (no size, just log number), or closing a WAL (with size).
`WalDeletion` is used to represent events of deleting or archiving a WAL, it means the WAL is no longer alive (won't be replayed during recovery).
`WalSet` is the set of alive WALs kept in `VersionSet`.
1. Why use `WalDeletion` instead of relying on `MinLogNumber` to identify outdated WALs
On recovery, we can compute `MinLogNumber()` based on the log numbers kept in MANIFEST, any log with number < MinLogNumber can be ignored. So it seems that we don't need to persist `WalDeletion` to MANIFEST, since we can ignore the WALs based on MinLogNumber.
But the `MinLogNumber()` is actually a lower bound, it does not exactly mean that logs starting from MinLogNumber must exist. This is because in a corner case, when a column family is empty and never flushed, its log number is set to the largest log number, but not persisted in MANIFEST. So let's say there are 2 column families, when creating the DB, the first WAL has log number 1, so it's persisted to MANIFEST for both column families. Then CF 0 is empty and never flushed, CF 1 is updated and flushed, so a new WAL with log number 2 is created and persisted to MANIFEST for CF 1. But CF 0's log number in MANIFEST is still 1. So on recovery, MinLogNumber is 1, but since log 1 only contains data for CF 1, and CF 1 is flushed, log 1 might have already been deleted from disk.
We can make `MinLogNumber()` be the exactly minimum log number that must exist, by persisting the most recent log number for empty column families that are not flushed. But if there are N such column families, then every time a new WAL is created, we need to add N records to MANIFEST.
In current design, a record is persisted to MANIFEST only when WAL is created, closed, or deleted/archived, so the number of WAL related records are bounded to 3x number of WALs.
2. Why keep `WalSet` in `VersionSet` instead of applying the `VersionEdit`s to `VersionStorageInfo`
`VersionEdit`s are originally designed to track the addition and deletion of SST files. The SST files are related to column families, each column family has a list of `Version`s, and each `Version` keeps the set of active SST files in `VersionStorageInfo`.
But WALs are a concept of DB, they are not bounded to specific column families. So logically it does not make sense to store WALs in a column family's `Version`s.
Also, `Version`'s purpose is to keep reference to SST / blob files, so that they are not deleted until there is no version referencing them. But a WAL is deleted regardless of version references.
So we keep the WALs in `VersionSet` for the purpose of writing out the DB state's snapshot when creating new MANIFESTs.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/7164
Test Plan:
make version_edit_test && ./version_edit_test
make wal_edit_test && ./wal_edit_test
Reviewed By: ltamasi
Differential Revision: D22677936
Pulled By: cheng-chang
fbshipit-source-id: 5a3b6890140e572ffd79eb37e6e4c3c32361a859
Summary:
Previously, a `ReadOptions` object was stored in every `BlockBasedTableIterator`
and every `LevelIterator`. This redundancy consumes extra memory,
resulting in the `Arena` making more allocations, and iteration
observing worse cache performance.
This PR migrates callers of `NewInternalIterator()` and
`MakeInputIterator()` to provide a `ReadOptions` object guaranteed to
outlive the returned iterator. When the iterator's lifetime will be managed by the
user, this lifetime guarantee is achieved by storing the `ReadOptions`
value in `ArenaWrappedDBIter`. Then, sub-iterators of `NewInternalIterator()` and
`MakeInputIterator()` can hold a reference-to-const `ReadOptions`.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/7210
Test Plan:
- `make check` under ASAN and valgrind
- benchmark: on a DB with 2 L0 files and 3 L1+ levels, this PR reduced `Arena` allocation 4792 -> 4160 bytes.
Reviewed By: anand1976
Differential Revision: D22861323
Pulled By: ajkr
fbshipit-source-id: 54aebb3e89c872eeab0f5793b4b6e42878d093ce
Summary:
TSAN shows warning with clang with warning similar to this:
WARNING: ThreadSanitizer: data race (pid=10159)
Atomic write of size 8 at 0x7b5000002890 by thread T33:
#0 __tsan_atomic64_store <null> (db_test+0x4ca2b5)
https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/1 std::__atomic_base<unsigned long>::store(unsigned long, std::memory_order) /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/atomic_base.h:374:2 (db_test+0x774fde)
https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/2 rocksdb::VersionSet::SetLastSequence(unsigned long) /home/circleci/project/./db/version_set.h:1057:20 (db_test+0x774fde)
https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/3 rocksdb::DBImpl::WriteImpl(rocksdb::WriteOptions const&, rocksdb::WriteBatch*, rocksdb::WriteCallback*, unsigned long*, unsigned long, bool, unsigned long*, unsigned long, rocksdb::PreReleaseCallback*) /home/circleci/project/db/db_impl/db_impl_write.cc:449:18 (db_test+0x774fde)
......
Previous read of size 8 at 0x7b5000002890 by thread T5 (mutexes: write M1044689462619020832):
#0 rocksdb::DBImpl::ReleaseSnapshot(rocksdb::Snapshot const*) /home/circleci/project/db/db_impl/db_impl.cc (db_test+0x6f4ae7)
https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/1 rocksdb::(anonymous namespace)::MTThreadBody(void*) /home/circleci/project/db/db_test.cc:2514:13 (db_test+0x56ac59)
https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/2 rocksdb::(anonymous namespace)::StartThreadWrapper(void*) /home/circleci/project/env/env_posix.cc:443:3 (db_test+0x88c4cd)
It is not limited to ReleaseSnapshot() and rocksdb::DBImpl::MultiCFSnapshot().
While we are not 100% sure it doesn't indicate any correctness violation, we suppress them for now to keep TSAN clean with more tests so that we can cover more bugs with CI.
In the gcc runs we have been running, this warning rarely shows up.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/7126
Test Plan: See the mini-TSAN test to pass with reasonable run time.
Reviewed By: ajkr
Differential Revision: D22552375
fbshipit-source-id: ebdd3854cb3becec3403970326a1ca961db2ab00
Summary:
There currently exist multiple `GetChildren()` calls in `DBImpl::Recover()`, which can be expensive in cases of distributed file systems.
This pull request try to call `DBImpl::Recover()` of each necessary directory only _once_ and reuse the results in the places of repeated calls in current code.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/7044
Test Plan:
Run `make check` and use the default test suite. The modified code should be semantically identical to the current code. As a proof of this solution, we may optionally deploy the system onto a (real or simulated) distributed system and expect reduced latency caused by manifest fetching.
(WIP)
Reviewed By: riversand963
Differential Revision: D22419925
Pulled By: roghnin
fbshipit-source-id: d3774fbfbc246c5527101bc16747eb5c90919886
Summary:
The earlier `VersionBuilder` code only cleaned up blob files that were
marked as entirely consisting of garbage using `VersionEdits` with
`BlobFileGarbage`. This covers the cases when table files go through
regular compaction, where we iterate through the KVs and thus have an
opportunity to calculate the amount of garbage (that is, most cases).
However, it does not help when table files are simply dropped (e.g. deletion
compactions or the `DeleteFile` API). To deal with such cases, the patch
adds logic that cleans up all blob files at the head of the list until the first
one with linked SSTs is found. (As an example, let's assume we have blob files
with numbers 1..10, and the first one with any linked SSTs is number 8.
This means that SSTs in the `Version` only rely on blob files with numbers >= 8,
and thus 1..7 are no longer needed.)
The code change itself is pretty small; however, changing the logic like this
necessitated changes to some tests that have been added recently (namely
to the ones that use blob files in isolation, i.e. without any table files referring
to them). Some of these cases were fixed by bypassing `VersionBuilder` altogether
in order to keep the tests simple (which actually makes them more proper unit tests
as well), while the `VersionBuilder` unit tests were fixed by adding dummy table
files to the test cases as needed.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/7001
Test Plan: `make check`
Reviewed By: riversand963
Differential Revision: D22119474
Pulled By: ltamasi
fbshipit-source-id: c6547141355667d4291d9661d6518eb741e7b54a
Summary:
After https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/6949 , VersionSet::io_status_ can be concurrently accessed by multiple
threads without lock, causing tsan test to fail. For example, a bg flush thread
resets io_status_ before calling LogAndApply(), while another thread already in
the process of LogAndApply() reads io_status_. This is a bug.
We do not have to reset io_status_ each time we call LogAndApply(). io_status_
is part of the state of VersionSet, and it indicates the outcome of preceding
MANIFEST/CURRENT files IO operations. Its value should be updated only when:
1. MANIFEST/CURRENT files IO fail for the first time.
2. MANIFEST/CURRENT files IO succeed as part of recovering from a prior
failure without process restart, e.g. calling Resume().
Test Plan (devserver):
COMPILE_WITH_TSAN=1 make check
COMPILE_WITH_TSAN=1 make db_test2
./db_test2 --gtest_filter=DBTest2.CompactionStall
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/7034
Reviewed By: zhichao-cao
Differential Revision: D22247137
Pulled By: riversand963
fbshipit-source-id: 77b83e05390f3ee3cd2d96d3fdd6fe4f225e3216
Summary:
This PR provides preliminary support for handling IO error during MANIFEST write.
File write/sync is not guaranteed to be atomic. If we encounter an IOError while writing/syncing to the MANIFEST file, we cannot be sure about the state of the MANIFEST file. The version edits may or may not have reached the file. During cleanup, if we delete the newly-generated SST files referenced by the pending version edit(s), but the version edit(s) actually are persistent in the MANIFEST, then next recovery attempt will process the version edits(s) and then fail since the SST files have already been deleted.
One approach is to truncate the MANIFEST after write/sync error, so that it is safe to delete the SST files. However, file truncation may not be supported on certain file systems. Therefore, we take the following approach.
If an IOError is detected during MANIFEST write/sync, we disable file deletions for the faulty database. Depending on whether the IOError is retryable (set by underlying file system), either RocksDB or application can call `DB::Resume()`, or simply shutdown and restart. During `Resume()`, RocksDB will try to switch to a new MANIFEST and write all existing in-memory version storage in the new file. If this succeeds, then RocksDB may proceed. If all recovery is completed, then file deletions will be re-enabled.
Note that multiple threads can call `LogAndApply()` at the same time, though only one of them will be going through the process MANIFEST write, possibly batching the version edits of other threads. When the leading MANIFEST writer finishes, all of the MANIFEST writing threads in this batch will have the same IOError. They will all call `ErrorHandler::SetBGError()` in which file deletion will be disabled.
Possible future directions:
- Add an `ErrorContext` structure so that it is easier to pass more info to `ErrorHandler`. Currently, as in this example, a new `BackgroundErrorReason` has to be added.
Test plan (dev server):
make check
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6949
Reviewed By: anand1976
Differential Revision: D22026020
Pulled By: riversand963
fbshipit-source-id: f3c68a2ef45d9b505d0d625c7c5e0c88495b91c8
Summary:
https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/5411 refactored `VersionSet::Recover` but introduced a bug, explained as follows.
Before, once a checksum mismatch happens, `reporter` will set `s` to be non-ok. Therefore, Recover will stop processing the MANIFEST any further.
```
// Correct
// Inside Recover
LogReporter reporter;
reporter.status = &s;
log::Reader reader(..., reporter);
while (reader.ReadRecord() && s.ok()) {
...
}
```
The bug is that, the local variable `s` in `ReadAndRecover` won't be updated by `reporter` while reading the MANIFEST. It is possible that the reader sees a checksum mismatch in a record, but `ReadRecord` retries internally read and finds the next valid record. The mismatched record will be ignored and no error is reported.
```
// Incorrect
// Inside Recover
LogReporter reporter;
reporter.status = &s;
log::Reader reader(..., reporter);
s = ReadAndRecover(reader, ...);
// Inside ReadAndRecover
Status s; // Shadows the s in Recover.
while (reader.ReadRecord() && s.ok()) {
...
}
```
`LogReporter` can use a separate `log_read_status` to track the errors while reading the MANIFEST. RocksDB can process more MANIFEST entries only if `log_read_status.ok()`.
Test plan (devserver):
make check
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6996
Reviewed By: ajkr
Differential Revision: D22105746
Pulled By: riversand963
fbshipit-source-id: b22f717a423457a41ca152a242abbb64cf91fc38
Summary:
Memory pinned by `pin_l0_filter_and_index_blocks_in_cache` needs to be predictable based on user config. This PR makes sure
we do not pin extra memory for large files generated by intra-L0 (see https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/6889).
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6911
Test Plan: unit test
Reviewed By: siying
Differential Revision: D21835818
Pulled By: ajkr
fbshipit-source-id: a11a088549d06bed8aacc2548d266e5983f0ead4
Summary:
The patch adds a convenience method `GetFileMetaDataByNumber` that
builds on the `FileLocation` functionality introduced recently (see
https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6862). This method makes it possible to
retrieve the `FileMetaData` directly as opposed to having to go through
`LevelFiles` and friends.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6940
Test Plan: `make check`
Reviewed By: cheng-chang
Differential Revision: D21905946
Pulled By: ltamasi
fbshipit-source-id: af99e19de21242b2b4a87594a535c6028d16ee72
Summary:
Does what it says on the can: the patch adds a hash map to `VersionStorageInfo`
that maps file numbers to file locations, i.e. (level, position in level) pairs. This
will enable stricter consistency checks in `VersionBuilder`. The patch also fixes
all the unit tests that used duplicate file numbers in a version (which would trigger
an assertion with the new code).
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6862
Test Plan:
`make check`
`make whitebox_crash_test`
Reviewed By: riversand963
Differential Revision: D21670446
Pulled By: ltamasi
fbshipit-source-id: 2eac249945cf33d8fb8597b26bfff5221e1a861a
Summary:
The patch adds logic that returns the set of live blob files from
`Version::AddLiveFiles` and `VersionSet::AddLiveFiles` (in addition to
live table files), and also cleans up the code a bit, for example, by
exposing only the numbers of table files as opposed to the earlier
`FileDescriptor`s that no clients used. Moreover, the patch extends
the `GetLiveFiles` API so that it also exposes blob files in the current version.
Similarly to https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6755,
this is a building block for identifying and purging obsolete blob files.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6785
Test Plan: `make check`
Reviewed By: riversand963
Differential Revision: D21336210
Pulled By: ltamasi
fbshipit-source-id: fc1aede8a49eacd03caafbc5f6f9ce43b6270821
Summary:
The patch adds logic to keep track of obsolete blob files. A blob file becomes
obsolete when the last `shared_ptr` that points to the corresponding
`SharedBlobFileMetaData` object goes away, which, in turn, happens when the
last `Version` that contains the blob file is destroyed. No longer needed blob
files are added to the obsolete list in `VersionSet` using a custom deleter to
avoid unnecessary coupling between `SharedBlobFileMetaData` and `VersionSet`.
Obsolete blob files are returned by `VersionSet::GetObsoleteFiles` and stored
in `JobContext`.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6755
Test Plan: `make check`
Reviewed By: riversand963
Differential Revision: D21233155
Pulled By: ltamasi
fbshipit-source-id: 47757e06fdc0127f27ed57f51abd27893d9a7b7a
Summary:
Context: Index type `kBinarySearchWithFirstKey` added the ability for sst file iterator to sometimes report a key from index without reading the corresponding data block. This is useful when sst blocks are cut at some meaningful boundaries (e.g. one block per key prefix), and many seeks land between blocks (e.g. for each prefix, the ranges of keys in different sst files are nearly disjoint, so a typical seek needs to read a data block from only one file even if all files have the prefix). But this added a new error condition, which rocksdb code was really not equipped to deal with: `InternalIterator::value()` may fail with an IO error or Status::Incomplete, but it's just a method returning a Slice, with no way to report error instead. Before this PR, this type of error wasn't handled at all (an empty slice was returned), and kBinarySearchWithFirstKey implementation was considered a prototype.
Now that we (LogDevice) have experimented with kBinarySearchWithFirstKey for a while and confirmed that it's really useful, this PR is adding the missing error handling.
It's a pretty inconvenient situation implementation-wise. The error needs to be reported from InternalIterator when trying to access value. But there are ~700 call sites of `InternalIterator::value()`, most of which either can't hit the error condition (because the iterator is reading from memtable or from index or something) or wouldn't benefit from the deferred loading of the value (e.g. compaction iterator that reads all values anyway). Adding error handling to all these call sites would needlessly bloat the code. So instead I made the deferred value loading optional: only the call sites that may use deferred loading have to call the new method `PrepareValue()` before calling `value()`. The feature is enabled with a new bool argument `allow_unprepared_value` to a bunch of methods that create iterators (it wouldn't make sense to put it in ReadOptions because it's completely internal to iterators, with virtually no user-visible effect). Lmk if you have better ideas.
Note that the deferred value loading only happens for *internal* iterators. The user-visible iterator (DBIter) always prepares the value before returning from Seek/Next/etc. We could go further and add an API to defer that value loading too, but that's most likely not useful for LogDevice, so it doesn't seem worth the complexity for now.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6621
Test Plan: make -j5 check . Will also deploy to some logdevice test clusters and look at stats.
Reviewed By: siying
Differential Revision: D20786930
Pulled By: al13n321
fbshipit-source-id: 6da77d918bad3780522e918f17f4d5513d3e99ee
Summary:
In the current code base, we use Status to get and store the returned status from the call. Specifically, for IO related functions, the current Status cannot reflect the IO Error details such as error scope, error retryable attribute, and others. With the implementation of https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/5761, we have the new Wrapper for IO, which returns IOStatus instead of Status. However, the IOStatus is purged at the lower level of write path and transferred to Status.
The first job of this PR is to pass the IOStatus to the write path (flush, WAL write, and Compaction). The second job is to identify the Retryable IO Error as HardError, and set the bg_error_ as HardError. In this case, the DB Instance becomes read only. User is informed of the Status and need to take actions to deal with it (e.g., call db->Resume()).
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6487
Test Plan: Added the testing case to error_handler_fs_test. Pass make asan_check
Reviewed By: anand1976
Differential Revision: D20685017
Pulled By: zhichao-cao
fbshipit-source-id: ff85f042896243abcd6ef37877834e26f36b6eb0
Summary:
The patch adds a couple of classes to represent metadata about
blob files: `SharedBlobFileMetaData` contains the information elements
that are immutable (once the blob file is closed), e.g. blob file number,
total number and size of blob files, checksum method/value, while
`BlobFileMetaData` contains attributes that can vary across versions like
the amount of garbage in the file. There is a single `SharedBlobFileMetaData`
for each blob file, which is jointly owned by the `BlobFileMetaData` objects
that point to it; `BlobFileMetaData` objects, in turn, are owned by `Version`s
and can also be shared if the (immutable _and_ mutable) state of the blob file
is the same in two versions.
In addition, the patch adds the blob file metadata to `VersionStorageInfo`, and extends
`VersionBuilder` so that it can apply blob file related `VersionEdit`s (i.e. those
containing `BlobFileAddition`s and/or `BlobFileGarbage`), and save blob file metadata
to a new `VersionStorageInfo`. Consistency checks are also extended to ensure
that table files point to blob files that are part of the `Version`, and that all blob files
that are part of any given `Version` have at least some _non_-garbage data in them.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6597
Test Plan: `make check`
Reviewed By: riversand963
Differential Revision: D20656803
Pulled By: ltamasi
fbshipit-source-id: f1f74d135045b3b42d0146f03ee576ef0a4bfd80
Summary:
There are situations when RocksDB tries to recover, but the db is in an inconsistent state due to SST files referenced in the MANIFEST being missing. In this case, previous RocksDB will just fail the recovery and return a non-ok status.
This PR enables another possibility. During recovery, RocksDB checks possible MANIFEST files, and try to recover to the most recent state without missing table file. `VersionSet::Recover()` applies version edits incrementally and "materializes" a version only when this version does not reference any missing table file. After processing the entire MANIFEST, the version created last will be the latest version.
`DBImpl::Recover()` calls `VersionSet::Recover()`. Afterwards, WAL replay will *not* be performed.
To use this capability, set `options.best_efforts_recovery = true` when opening the db. Best-efforts recovery is currently incompatible with atomic flush.
Test plan (on devserver):
```
$make check
$COMPILE_WITH_ASAN=1 make all && make check
```
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6334
Reviewed By: anand1976
Differential Revision: D19778960
Pulled By: riversand963
fbshipit-source-id: c27ea80f29bc952e7d3311ecf5ee9c54393b40a8
Summary:
In the current code base, we can use Directory from Env to manage directory (e.g, Fsync()). The PR https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/5761 introduce the File System as a new Env API. So we further replace the Directory class in DB with FSDirectory such that we can have more IO information from IOStatus returned by FSDirectory.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6468
Test Plan: pass make asan_check
Differential Revision: D20195261
Pulled By: zhichao-cao
fbshipit-source-id: 93962cb9436852bfcfb76e086d9e7babd461cbe1
Summary:
Added new Get() methods that return timestamp. Dummy implementation is given so that classes derived from DB don't need to be touched to provide their implementation. MultiGet is not included.
ReadRandom perf test (10 minutes) on the same development machine ram drive with the same DB data shows no regression (within marge of error). The test is adapted from https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki/RocksDB-In-Memory-Workload-Performance-Benchmarks.
base line (commit 72ee067b9):
101.712 micros/op 314602 ops/sec; 36.0 MB/s (5658999 of 5658999 found)
This PR:
100.288 micros/op 319071 ops/sec; 36.5 MB/s (5674999 of 5674999 found)
./db_bench --db=r:\rocksdb.github --num_levels=6 --key_size=20 --prefix_size=20 --keys_per_prefix=0 --value_size=100 --cache_size=2147483648 --cache_numshardbits=6 --compression_type=none --compression_ratio=1 --min_level_to_compress=-1 --disable_seek_compaction=1 --hard_rate_limit=2 --write_buffer_size=134217728 --max_write_buffer_number=2 --level0_file_num_compaction_trigger=8 --target_file_size_base=134217728 --max_bytes_for_level_base=1073741824 --disable_wal=0 --wal_dir=r:\rocksdb.github\WAL_LOG --sync=0 --verify_checksum=1 --delete_obsolete_files_period_micros=314572800 --max_background_compactions=4 --max_background_flushes=0 --level0_slowdown_writes_trigger=16 --level0_stop_writes_trigger=24 --statistics=0 --stats_per_interval=0 --stats_interval=1048576 --histogram=0 --use_plain_table=1 --open_files=-1 --mmap_read=1 --mmap_write=0 --memtablerep=prefix_hash --bloom_bits=10 --bloom_locality=1 --duration=600 --benchmarks=readrandom --use_existing_db=1 --num=25000000 --threads=32
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6409
Differential Revision: D20200086
Pulled By: riversand963
fbshipit-source-id: 490edd74d924f62bd8ae9c29c2a6bbbb8410ca50
Summary:
When dynamically linking two binaries together, different builds of RocksDB from two sources might cause errors. To provide a tool for user to solve the problem, the RocksDB namespace is changed to a flag which can be overridden in build time.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6433
Test Plan: Build release, all and jtest. Try to build with ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE with another flag.
Differential Revision: D19977691
fbshipit-source-id: aa7f2d0972e1c31d75339ac48478f34f6cfcfb3e
Summary:
In the current code base, RocksDB generate the checksum for each block and verify the checksum at usage. Current PR enable SST file checksum. After a SST file is generated by Flush or Compaction, RocksDB generate the SST file checksum and store the checksum value and checksum method name in the vs_info and MANIFEST as part for the FileMetadata.
Added the enable_sst_file_checksum to Options to enable or disable file checksum. Added sst_file_checksum to Options such that user can plugin their own SST file checksum calculate method via overriding the SstFileChecksum class. The checksum information inlcuding uint32_t checksum value and a checksum name (string). A new tool is added to LDB such that user can dump out a list of file checksum information from MANIFEST. If user enables the file checksum but does not provide the sst_file_checksum instance, RocksDB will use the default crc32checksum implemented in table/sst_file_checksum_crc32c.h
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6216
Test Plan: Added the testing case in table_test and ldb_cmd_test to verify checksum is correct in different level. Pass make asan_check.
Differential Revision: D19171461
Pulled By: zhichao-cao
fbshipit-source-id: b2e53479eefc5bb0437189eaa1941670e5ba8b87
Summary:
The current Env API encompasses both storage/file operations, as well as OS related operations. Most of the APIs return a Status, which does not have enough metadata about an error, such as whether its retry-able or not, scope (i.e fault domain) of the error etc., that may be required in order to properly handle a storage error. The file APIs also do not provide enough control over the IO SLA, such as timeout, prioritization, hinting about placement and redundancy etc.
This PR separates out the file/storage APIs from Env into a new FileSystem class. The APIs are updated to return an IOStatus with metadata about the error, as well as to take an IOOptions structure as input in order to allow more control over the IO.
The user can set both ```options.env``` and ```options.file_system``` to specify that RocksDB should use the former for OS related operations and the latter for storage operations. Internally, a ```CompositeEnvWrapper``` has been introduced that inherits from ```Env``` and redirects individual methods to either an ```Env``` implementation or the ```FileSystem``` as appropriate. When options are sanitized during ```DB::Open```, ```options.env``` is replaced with a newly allocated ```CompositeEnvWrapper``` instance if both env and file_system have been specified. This way, the rest of the RocksDB code can continue to function as before.
This PR also ports PosixEnv to the new API by splitting it into two - PosixEnv and PosixFileSystem. PosixEnv is defined as a sub-class of CompositeEnvWrapper, and threading/time functions are overridden with Posix specific implementations in order to avoid an extra level of indirection.
The ```CompositeEnvWrapper``` translates ```IOStatus``` return code to ```Status```, and sets the severity to ```kSoftError``` if the io_status is retryable. The error handling code in RocksDB can then recover the DB automatically.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5761
Differential Revision: D18868376
Pulled By: anand1976
fbshipit-source-id: 39efe18a162ea746fabac6360ff529baba48486f
Summary:
Previously, periodic compaction is not supported in universal compaction. Add the support using following approach: if any file is marked as qualified for periodid compaction, trigger a full compaction. If a full compaction is prevented by files being compacted, try to compact the higher levels than files currently being compacted. If in this way we can only compact the last sorted run and none of the file to be compacted qualifies for periodic compaction, skip the compact. This is to prevent the same single level compaction from being executed again and again.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5970
Test Plan: Add several test cases.
Differential Revision: D18147097
fbshipit-source-id: 8ecc308154d9aca96fb192c51fbceba3947550c1
Summary:
Adding a new API to db.h that allows users to get file_creation_time of the oldest file in the DB.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5948
Test Plan: Added unit test.
Differential Revision: D18056151
Pulled By: vjnadimpalli
fbshipit-source-id: 448ec9d34cb6772e1e5a62db399ace00dcbfbb5d
Summary:
Use delete to disable automatic generated methods instead of private, and put the constructor together for more clear.This modification cause the unused field warning, so add unused attribute to disable this warning.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5009
Differential Revision: D17288733
fbshipit-source-id: 8a767ce096f185f1db01bd28fc88fef1cdd921f3
Summary:
Each DB has a globally unique ID. A DB can be physically copied around, or backed-up and restored, and the users should be identify the same DB. This unique ID right now is stored as plain text in file IDENTITY under the DB directory. This approach introduces at least two problems: (1) the file is not checksumed; (2) the source of truth of a DB is the manifest file, which can be copied separately from IDENTITY file, causing the DB ID to be wrong.
The goal of this PR is solve this problem by moving the DB ID to manifest. To begin with we will write to both identity file and manifest. Write to Manifest is controlled via the flag write_dbid_to_manifest in Options and default is false.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5725
Test Plan: Added unit tests.
Differential Revision: D16963840
Pulled By: vjnadimpalli
fbshipit-source-id: 8a86a4c8c82c716003c40fd6b9d2d758030d92e9
Summary:
Open-source users recently reported two occurrences of LSM-tree corruption (https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/5558 is one), which would be caught by options.force_consistency_checks = true. options.force_consistency_checks has a usability limitation because it crashes the service once inconsistency is detected. This makes the feature hard to use. Most users serve from multiple RocksDB shards per server and the impacts of crashing the service is higher than it should be.
Instead, we just pass the error back to users without killing the service, and ask them to deal with the problem accordingly.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5744
Differential Revision: D17096940
Pulled By: pdhandharia
fbshipit-source-id: b6780039044e265f26ed2ad03c51f4abbe8b603c
Summary:
VersionSet::ApproximateSize doesn't need to create two separate index iterators and do binary search for each in BlockBasedTable. So BlockBasedTable::ApproximateSize was added that creates the iterator once and uses it to calculate the data size between start and end keys.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5693
Differential Revision: D16774056
Pulled By: elipoz
fbshipit-source-id: 53ce262e1a057788243bf30cd9b8aa6581df1a18
Summary:
Add a command in ldb so that users can print out tombstones in SST files.
In order to test the code, change the interface of LDBCommandRunner::RunCommand() so that it doesn't return from the program, but return the status code.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5615
Test Plan: Add a new unit test
Differential Revision: D16550326
fbshipit-source-id: 88ddfe6984bdcbb3a528abdd115089df09eba52e
Summary:
This is a new API added to db.h to allow for fetching all merge operands associated with a Key. The main motivation for this API is to support use cases where doing a full online merge is not necessary as it is performance sensitive. Example use-cases:
1. Update subset of columns and read subset of columns -
Imagine a SQL Table, a row is encoded as a K/V pair (as it is done in MyRocks). If there are many columns and users only updated one of them, we can use merge operator to reduce write amplification. While users only read one or two columns in the read query, this feature can avoid a full merging of the whole row, and save some CPU.
2. Updating very few attributes in a value which is a JSON-like document -
Updating one attribute can be done efficiently using merge operator, while reading back one attribute can be done more efficiently if we don't need to do a full merge.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
API :
Status GetMergeOperands(
const ReadOptions& options, ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
const Slice& key, PinnableSlice* merge_operands,
GetMergeOperandsOptions* get_merge_operands_options,
int* number_of_operands)
Example usage :
int size = 100;
int number_of_operands = 0;
std::vector<PinnableSlice> values(size);
GetMergeOperandsOptions merge_operands_info;
db_->GetMergeOperands(ReadOptions(), db_->DefaultColumnFamily(), "k1", values.data(), merge_operands_info, &number_of_operands);
Description :
Returns all the merge operands corresponding to the key. If the number of merge operands in DB is greater than merge_operands_options.expected_max_number_of_operands no merge operands are returned and status is Incomplete. Merge operands returned are in the order of insertion.
merge_operands-> Points to an array of at-least merge_operands_options.expected_max_number_of_operands and the caller is responsible for allocating it. If the status returned is Incomplete then number_of_operands will contain the total number of merge operands found in DB for key.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5604
Test Plan:
Added unit test and perf test in db_bench that can be run using the command:
./db_bench -benchmarks=getmergeoperands --merge_operator=sortlist
Differential Revision: D16657366
Pulled By: vjnadimpalli
fbshipit-source-id: 0faadd752351745224ee12d4ae9ef3cb529951bf
Summary:
In some cases, we don't have to get really accurate number. Something like 10% off is fine, we can create a new option for that use case. In this case, we can calculate size for full files first, and avoid estimation inside SST files if full files got us a huge number. For example, if we already covered 100GB of data, we should be able to skip partial dives into 10 SST files of 30MB.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5609
Differential Revision: D16433481
Pulled By: elipoz
fbshipit-source-id: 5830b31e1c656d0fd3a00d7fd2678ddc8f6e601b
Summary:
1. Avoid creating the iterator in order to call BlockBasedTable::ApproximateOffsetOf(). Instead, directly call into it.
2. Optimize BlockBasedTable::ApproximateOffsetOf() keeps the index block iterator in stack.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5613
Differential Revision: D16442660
Pulled By: elipoz
fbshipit-source-id: 9320be3e918c139b10e758cbbb684706d172e516
Summary:
This PR adds more callers for table readers. These information are only used for block cache analysis so that we can know which caller accesses a block.
1. It renames the BlockCacheLookupCaller to TableReaderCaller as passing the caller from upstream requires changes to table_reader.h and TableReaderCaller is a more appropriate name.
2. It adds more table reader callers in table/table_reader_caller.h, e.g., kCompactionRefill, kExternalSSTIngestion, and kBuildTable.
This PR is long as it requires modification of interfaces in table_reader.h, e.g., NewIterator.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5454
Test Plan: make clean && COMPILE_WITH_ASAN=1 make check -j32.
Differential Revision: D15819451
Pulled By: HaoyuHuang
fbshipit-source-id: b6caa704c8fb96ddd15b9a934b7e7ea87f88092d
Summary:
While the secondary is replaying after the primary, the primary may switch to a new MANIFEST. The secondary is already able to detect and follow the primary to the new MANIFEST. However, the current implementation has a bug, described as follows.
The new MANIFEST's first records have been generated by VersionSet::WriteSnapshot to describe the current state of the column families and the db as of the MANIFEST creation. Since the secondary instance has already finished recovering upon start, there is no need for the secondary to process these records. Actually, if the secondary were to replay these records, the secondary may end up adding the same SST files **again** to each column family, causing consistency checks done by VersionBuilder to fail. Therefore, we record the number of records to skip at the beginning of the new MANIFEST and ignore them.
Test plan (on dev server)
```
$make clean && make -j32 all
$./db_secondary_test
```
All existing unit tests must pass as well.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5472
Differential Revision: D15866771
Pulled By: riversand963
fbshipit-source-id: a1eec4837fb2ad13059398efb0f437e74fd53bed
Summary:
This PR integrates the block cache tracer class into db_impl.cc.
db_impl.cc contains a member variable of AtomicBlockCacheTraceWriter class and passes its reference to the block_based_table_reader.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5433
Differential Revision: D15728016
Pulled By: HaoyuHuang
fbshipit-source-id: 23d5659e8c82d556833dcc1a5558aac8c1f7db71
Summary:
BlockCacheLookupContext only contains the caller for now.
We will trace block accesses at five places:
1. BlockBasedTable::GetFilter.
2. BlockBasedTable::GetUncompressedDict.
3. BlockBasedTable::MaybeReadAndLoadToCache. (To trace access on data, index, and range deletion block.)
4. BlockBasedTable::Get. (To trace the referenced key and whether the referenced key exists in a fetched data block.)
5. BlockBasedTable::MultiGet. (To trace the referenced key and whether the referenced key exists in a fetched data block.)
We create the context at:
1. BlockBasedTable::Get. (kUserGet)
2. BlockBasedTable::MultiGet. (kUserMGet)
3. BlockBasedTable::NewIterator. (either kUserIterator, kCompaction, or external SST ingestion calls this function.)
4. BlockBasedTable::Open. (kPrefetch)
5. Index/Filter::CacheDependencies. (kPrefetch)
6. BlockBasedTable::ApproximateOffsetOf. (kCompaction or kUserApproximateSize).
I loaded 1 million key-value pairs into the database and ran the readrandom benchmark with a single thread. I gave the block cache 10 GB to make sure all reads hit the block cache after warmup. The throughput is comparable.
Throughput of this PR: 231334 ops/s.
Throughput of the master branch: 238428 ops/s.
Experiment setup:
RocksDB: version 6.2
Date: Mon Jun 10 10:42:51 2019
CPU: 24 * Intel Core Processor (Skylake)
CPUCache: 16384 KB
Keys: 20 bytes each
Values: 100 bytes each (100 bytes after compression)
Entries: 1000000
Prefix: 20 bytes
Keys per prefix: 0
RawSize: 114.4 MB (estimated)
FileSize: 114.4 MB (estimated)
Write rate: 0 bytes/second
Read rate: 0 ops/second
Compression: NoCompression
Compression sampling rate: 0
Memtablerep: skip_list
Perf Level: 1
Load command: ./db_bench --benchmarks="fillseq" --key_size=20 --prefix_size=20 --keys_per_prefix=0 --value_size=100 --statistics --cache_index_and_filter_blocks --cache_size=10737418240 --disable_auto_compactions=1 --disable_wal=1 --compression_type=none --min_level_to_compress=-1 --compression_ratio=1 --num=1000000
Run command: ./db_bench --benchmarks="readrandom,stats" --use_existing_db --threads=1 --duration=120 --key_size=20 --prefix_size=20 --keys_per_prefix=0 --value_size=100 --statistics --cache_index_and_filter_blocks --cache_size=10737418240 --disable_auto_compactions=1 --disable_wal=1 --compression_type=none --min_level_to_compress=-1 --compression_ratio=1 --num=1000000 --duration=120
TODOs:
1. Create a caller for external SST file ingestion and differentiate the callers for iterator.
2. Integrate tracer to trace block cache accesses.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5421
Differential Revision: D15704258
Pulled By: HaoyuHuang
fbshipit-source-id: 4aa8a55f8cb1576ffb367bfa3186a91d8f06d93a
Summary:
With this commit, RocksDB secondary instance respects atomic groups in version edits.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/5411
Differential Revision: D15617512
Pulled By: HaoyuHuang
fbshipit-source-id: 913f4ede391d772dcaf5649e3cd2099fa292d120
