Cheng Chang 2d9efc9ab2 Cache result of GetLogicalBufferSize in Linux (#6457)
Summary:
In Linux, when reopening DB with many SST files, profiling shows that 100% system cpu time spent for a couple of seconds for `GetLogicalBufferSize`. This slows down MyRocks' recovery time when site is down.

This PR introduces two new APIs:
1. `Env::RegisterDbPaths` and `Env::UnregisterDbPaths` lets `DB` tell the env when it starts or stops using its database directories . The `PosixFileSystem` takes this opportunity to set up a cache from database directories to the corresponding logical block sizes.
2. `LogicalBlockSizeCache` is defined only for OS_LINUX to cache the logical block sizes.

Other modifications:
1. rename `logical buffer size` to `logical block size` to be consistent with Linux terms.
2. declare `GetLogicalBlockSize` in `PosixHelper` to expose it to `PosixFileSystem`.
3. change the functions `IOError` and `IOStatus` in `env/io_posix.h` to have external linkage since they are used in other translation units too.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/6457

Test Plan:
1. A new unit test is added for `LogicalBlockSizeCache` in `env/io_posix_test.cc`.
2. A new integration test is added for `DB` operations related to the cache in `db/db_logical_block_size_cache_test.cc`.

`make check`

Differential Revision: D20131243

Pulled By: cheng-chang

fbshipit-source-id: 3077c50f8065c0bffb544d8f49fb10bba9408d04
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RocksDB: A Persistent Key-Value Store for Flash and RAM Storage

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RocksDB is developed and maintained by Facebook Database Engineering Team. It is built on earlier work on LevelDB by Sanjay Ghemawat (sanjay@google.com) and Jeff Dean (jeff@google.com)

This code is a library that forms the core building block for a fast key-value server, especially suited for storing data on flash drives. It has a Log-Structured-Merge-Database (LSM) design with flexible tradeoffs between Write-Amplification-Factor (WAF), Read-Amplification-Factor (RAF) and Space-Amplification-Factor (SAF). It has multi-threaded compactions, making it especially suitable for storing multiple terabytes of data in a single database.

Start with example usage here: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/tree/master/examples

See the github wiki for more explanation.

The public interface is in include/. Callers should not include or rely on the details of any other header files in this package. Those internal APIs may be changed without warning.

Design discussions are conducted in https://www.facebook.com/groups/rocksdb.dev/

License

RocksDB is dual-licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory). You may select, at your option, one of the above-listed licenses.

Description
A library that provides an embeddable, persistent key-value store for fast storage.
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