7f71448388
Summary: This implements a cache friendly version of Cuckoo Hash in which, in case of collission, we try to insert in next few locations. The size of the neighborhood to check is taken as an input parameter in builder and stored in the table.
Test Plan:
make check all
cuckoo_table_{db,reader,builder}_test
Reviewers: sdong, ljin
Reviewed By: ljin
Subscribers: leveldb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D22455
536 lines
17 KiB
C++
536 lines
17 KiB
C++
// Copyright (c) 2014, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
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// This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
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// LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
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// of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
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#ifndef GFLAGS
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#include <cstdio>
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int main() {
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fprintf(stderr, "Please install gflags to run this test\n");
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return 1;
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}
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#else
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#define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS
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#include <inttypes.h>
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#include <gflags/gflags.h>
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#include <vector>
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#include <string>
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#include <map>
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#include "table/meta_blocks.h"
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#include "table/cuckoo_table_builder.h"
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#include "table/cuckoo_table_reader.h"
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#include "table/cuckoo_table_factory.h"
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#include "util/arena.h"
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#include "util/random.h"
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#include "util/testharness.h"
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#include "util/testutil.h"
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using GFLAGS::ParseCommandLineFlags;
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using GFLAGS::SetUsageMessage;
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DEFINE_string(file_dir, "", "Directory where the files will be created"
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" for benchmark. Added for using tmpfs.");
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DEFINE_bool(enable_perf, false, "Run Benchmark Tests too.");
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DEFINE_bool(write, false,
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"Should write new values to file in performance tests?");
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namespace rocksdb {
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extern const uint64_t kCuckooTableMagicNumber;
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extern const uint64_t kMaxNumHashTable;
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namespace {
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const uint32_t kNumHashFunc = 10;
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// Methods, variables related to Hash functions.
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std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<uint64_t>> hash_map;
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void AddHashLookups(const std::string& s, uint64_t bucket_id,
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uint32_t num_hash_fun) {
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std::vector<uint64_t> v;
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for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_hash_fun; i++) {
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v.push_back(bucket_id + i);
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}
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hash_map[s] = v;
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}
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uint64_t GetSliceHash(const Slice& s, uint32_t index,
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uint64_t max_num_buckets) {
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return hash_map[s.ToString()][index];
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}
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// Methods, variables for checking key and values read.
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struct ValuesToAssert {
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ValuesToAssert(const std::string& key, const Slice& value)
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: expected_user_key(key),
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expected_value(value),
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call_count(0) {}
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std::string expected_user_key;
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Slice expected_value;
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int call_count;
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};
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bool AssertValues(void* assert_obj,
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const ParsedInternalKey& k, const Slice& v) {
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ValuesToAssert *ptr = reinterpret_cast<ValuesToAssert*>(assert_obj);
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ASSERT_EQ(ptr->expected_value.ToString(), v.ToString());
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ASSERT_EQ(ptr->expected_user_key, k.user_key.ToString());
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++ptr->call_count;
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return false;
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}
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} // namespace
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class CuckooReaderTest {
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public:
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CuckooReaderTest() {
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options.allow_mmap_reads = true;
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env = options.env;
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env_options = EnvOptions(options);
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}
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void SetUp(int num_items) {
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this->num_items = num_items;
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hash_map.clear();
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keys.clear();
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keys.resize(num_items);
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user_keys.clear();
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user_keys.resize(num_items);
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values.clear();
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values.resize(num_items);
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}
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std::string NumToStr(int64_t i) {
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return std::string(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&i), sizeof(i));
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}
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void CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader(
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const Comparator* ucomp = BytewiseComparator()) {
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std::unique_ptr<WritableFile> writable_file;
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ASSERT_OK(env->NewWritableFile(fname, &writable_file, env_options));
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CuckooTableBuilder builder(
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writable_file.get(), 0.9, kNumHashFunc, 100, ucomp, 2, GetSliceHash);
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ASSERT_OK(builder.status());
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for (uint32_t key_idx = 0; key_idx < num_items; ++key_idx) {
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builder.Add(Slice(keys[key_idx]), Slice(values[key_idx]));
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ASSERT_OK(builder.status());
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ASSERT_EQ(builder.NumEntries(), key_idx + 1);
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}
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ASSERT_OK(builder.Finish());
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ASSERT_EQ(num_items, builder.NumEntries());
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file_size = builder.FileSize();
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ASSERT_OK(writable_file->Close());
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// Check reader now.
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std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFile> read_file;
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ASSERT_OK(env->NewRandomAccessFile(fname, &read_file, env_options));
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CuckooTableReader reader(
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options,
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std::move(read_file),
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file_size,
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ucomp,
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GetSliceHash);
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ASSERT_OK(reader.status());
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for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_items; ++i) {
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ValuesToAssert v(user_keys[i], values[i]);
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ASSERT_OK(reader.Get(
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ReadOptions(), Slice(keys[i]), &v, AssertValues, nullptr));
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ASSERT_EQ(1, v.call_count);
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}
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}
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void UpdateKeys(bool with_zero_seqno) {
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for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_items; i++) {
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ParsedInternalKey ikey(user_keys[i],
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with_zero_seqno ? 0 : i + 1000, kTypeValue);
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keys[i].clear();
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AppendInternalKey(&keys[i], ikey);
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}
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}
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void CheckIterator(const Comparator* ucomp = BytewiseComparator()) {
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std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFile> read_file;
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ASSERT_OK(env->NewRandomAccessFile(fname, &read_file, env_options));
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CuckooTableReader reader(
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options,
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std::move(read_file),
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file_size,
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ucomp,
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GetSliceHash);
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ASSERT_OK(reader.status());
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Iterator* it = reader.NewIterator(ReadOptions(), nullptr);
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ASSERT_OK(it->status());
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ASSERT_TRUE(!it->Valid());
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it->SeekToFirst();
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int cnt = 0;
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while (it->Valid()) {
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ASSERT_OK(it->status());
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ASSERT_TRUE(Slice(keys[cnt]) == it->key());
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ASSERT_TRUE(Slice(values[cnt]) == it->value());
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++cnt;
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it->Next();
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}
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ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(cnt), num_items);
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it->SeekToLast();
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cnt = num_items - 1;
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ASSERT_TRUE(it->Valid());
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while (it->Valid()) {
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ASSERT_OK(it->status());
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ASSERT_TRUE(Slice(keys[cnt]) == it->key());
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ASSERT_TRUE(Slice(values[cnt]) == it->value());
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--cnt;
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it->Prev();
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}
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ASSERT_EQ(cnt, -1);
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cnt = num_items / 2;
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it->Seek(keys[cnt]);
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while (it->Valid()) {
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ASSERT_OK(it->status());
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ASSERT_TRUE(Slice(keys[cnt]) == it->key());
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ASSERT_TRUE(Slice(values[cnt]) == it->value());
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++cnt;
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it->Next();
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}
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ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(cnt), num_items);
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delete it;
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Arena arena;
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it = reader.NewIterator(ReadOptions(), &arena);
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ASSERT_OK(it->status());
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ASSERT_TRUE(!it->Valid());
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it->Seek(keys[num_items/2]);
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ASSERT_TRUE(it->Valid());
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ASSERT_OK(it->status());
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ASSERT_TRUE(keys[num_items/2] == it->key());
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ASSERT_TRUE(values[num_items/2] == it->value());
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ASSERT_OK(it->status());
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it->~Iterator();
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}
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std::vector<std::string> keys;
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std::vector<std::string> user_keys;
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std::vector<std::string> values;
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uint64_t num_items;
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std::string fname;
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uint64_t file_size;
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Options options;
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Env* env;
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EnvOptions env_options;
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};
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TEST(CuckooReaderTest, WhenKeyExists) {
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SetUp(kNumHashFunc);
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fname = test::TmpDir() + "/CuckooReader_WhenKeyExists";
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for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num_items; i++) {
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user_keys[i] = "key" + NumToStr(i);
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ParsedInternalKey ikey(user_keys[i], i + 1000, kTypeValue);
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AppendInternalKey(&keys[i], ikey);
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values[i] = "value" + NumToStr(i);
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// Give disjoint hash values.
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AddHashLookups(user_keys[i], i, kNumHashFunc);
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}
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CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader();
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// Last level file.
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UpdateKeys(true);
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CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader();
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// Test with collision. Make all hash values collide.
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hash_map.clear();
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for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_items; i++) {
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AddHashLookups(user_keys[i], 0, kNumHashFunc);
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}
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UpdateKeys(false);
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CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader();
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// Last level file.
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UpdateKeys(true);
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CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader();
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}
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TEST(CuckooReaderTest, WhenKeyExistsWithUint64Comparator) {
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SetUp(kNumHashFunc);
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fname = test::TmpDir() + "/CuckooReaderUint64_WhenKeyExists";
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for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num_items; i++) {
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user_keys[i].resize(8);
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memcpy(&user_keys[i][0], static_cast<void*>(&i), 8);
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ParsedInternalKey ikey(user_keys[i], i + 1000, kTypeValue);
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AppendInternalKey(&keys[i], ikey);
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values[i] = "value" + NumToStr(i);
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// Give disjoint hash values.
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AddHashLookups(user_keys[i], i, kNumHashFunc);
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}
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CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader(test::Uint64Comparator());
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// Last level file.
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UpdateKeys(true);
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CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader(test::Uint64Comparator());
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// Test with collision. Make all hash values collide.
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hash_map.clear();
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for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_items; i++) {
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AddHashLookups(user_keys[i], 0, kNumHashFunc);
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}
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UpdateKeys(false);
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CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader(test::Uint64Comparator());
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// Last level file.
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UpdateKeys(true);
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CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader(test::Uint64Comparator());
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}
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TEST(CuckooReaderTest, CheckIterator) {
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SetUp(2*kNumHashFunc);
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fname = test::TmpDir() + "/CuckooReader_CheckIterator";
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for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num_items; i++) {
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user_keys[i] = "key" + NumToStr(i);
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ParsedInternalKey ikey(user_keys[i], 1000, kTypeValue);
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AppendInternalKey(&keys[i], ikey);
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values[i] = "value" + NumToStr(i);
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// Give disjoint hash values, in reverse order.
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AddHashLookups(user_keys[i], num_items-i-1, kNumHashFunc);
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}
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CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader();
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CheckIterator();
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// Last level file.
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UpdateKeys(true);
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CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader();
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CheckIterator();
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}
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TEST(CuckooReaderTest, CheckIteratorUint64) {
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SetUp(2*kNumHashFunc);
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fname = test::TmpDir() + "/CuckooReader_CheckIterator";
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for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num_items; i++) {
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user_keys[i].resize(8);
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memcpy(&user_keys[i][0], static_cast<void*>(&i), 8);
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ParsedInternalKey ikey(user_keys[i], 1000, kTypeValue);
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AppendInternalKey(&keys[i], ikey);
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values[i] = "value" + NumToStr(i);
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// Give disjoint hash values, in reverse order.
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AddHashLookups(user_keys[i], num_items-i-1, kNumHashFunc);
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}
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CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader(test::Uint64Comparator());
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CheckIterator(test::Uint64Comparator());
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// Last level file.
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UpdateKeys(true);
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CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader(test::Uint64Comparator());
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CheckIterator(test::Uint64Comparator());
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}
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TEST(CuckooReaderTest, WhenKeyNotFound) {
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// Add keys with colliding hash values.
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SetUp(kNumHashFunc);
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fname = test::TmpDir() + "/CuckooReader_WhenKeyNotFound";
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for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num_items; i++) {
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user_keys[i] = "key" + NumToStr(i);
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ParsedInternalKey ikey(user_keys[i], i + 1000, kTypeValue);
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AppendInternalKey(&keys[i], ikey);
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values[i] = "value" + NumToStr(i);
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// Make all hash values collide.
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AddHashLookups(user_keys[i], 0, kNumHashFunc);
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}
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CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader();
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std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFile> read_file;
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ASSERT_OK(env->NewRandomAccessFile(fname, &read_file, env_options));
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CuckooTableReader reader(
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options,
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std::move(read_file),
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file_size,
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BytewiseComparator(),
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GetSliceHash);
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ASSERT_OK(reader.status());
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// Search for a key with colliding hash values.
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std::string not_found_user_key = "key" + NumToStr(num_items);
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std::string not_found_key;
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AddHashLookups(not_found_user_key, 0, kNumHashFunc);
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ParsedInternalKey ikey(not_found_user_key, 1000, kTypeValue);
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AppendInternalKey(¬_found_key, ikey);
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ValuesToAssert v("", "");
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ASSERT_OK(reader.Get(
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ReadOptions(), Slice(not_found_key), &v, AssertValues, nullptr));
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ASSERT_EQ(0, v.call_count);
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ASSERT_OK(reader.status());
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// Search for a key with an independent hash value.
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std::string not_found_user_key2 = "key" + NumToStr(num_items + 1);
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AddHashLookups(not_found_user_key2, kNumHashFunc, kNumHashFunc);
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ParsedInternalKey ikey2(not_found_user_key2, 1000, kTypeValue);
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std::string not_found_key2;
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AppendInternalKey(¬_found_key2, ikey2);
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ASSERT_OK(reader.Get(
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ReadOptions(), Slice(not_found_key2), &v, AssertValues, nullptr));
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ASSERT_EQ(0, v.call_count);
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ASSERT_OK(reader.status());
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// Test read when key is unused key.
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std::string unused_key =
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reader.GetTableProperties()->user_collected_properties.at(
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CuckooTablePropertyNames::kEmptyKey);
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// Add hash values that map to empty buckets.
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AddHashLookups(ExtractUserKey(unused_key).ToString(),
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kNumHashFunc, kNumHashFunc);
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ASSERT_OK(reader.Get(
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ReadOptions(), Slice(unused_key), &v, AssertValues, nullptr));
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ASSERT_EQ(0, v.call_count);
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ASSERT_OK(reader.status());
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}
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// Performance tests
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namespace {
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bool DoNothing(void* arg, const ParsedInternalKey& k, const Slice& v) {
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// Deliberately empty.
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return false;
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}
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bool CheckValue(void* cnt_ptr, const ParsedInternalKey& k, const Slice& v) {
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++*reinterpret_cast<int*>(cnt_ptr);
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std::string expected_value;
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AppendInternalKey(&expected_value, k);
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ASSERT_EQ(0, v.compare(Slice(&expected_value[0], v.size())));
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return false;
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}
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void GetKeys(uint64_t num, std::vector<std::string>* keys) {
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IterKey k;
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k.SetInternalKey("", 0, kTypeValue);
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std::string internal_key_suffix = k.GetKey().ToString();
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ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<size_t>(8), internal_key_suffix.size());
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for (uint64_t key_idx = 0; key_idx < num; ++key_idx) {
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std::string new_key(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&key_idx), sizeof(key_idx));
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new_key += internal_key_suffix;
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keys->push_back(new_key);
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}
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}
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std::string GetFileName(uint64_t num, double hash_ratio) {
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if (FLAGS_file_dir.empty()) {
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FLAGS_file_dir = test::TmpDir();
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}
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return FLAGS_file_dir + "/cuckoo_read_benchmark" +
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std::to_string(num/1000000) + "Mratio" +
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std::to_string(static_cast<int>(100*hash_ratio));
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}
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// Create last level file as we are interested in measuring performance of
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// last level file only.
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void WriteFile(const std::vector<std::string>& keys,
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const uint64_t num, double hash_ratio) {
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Options options;
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options.allow_mmap_reads = true;
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Env* env = options.env;
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EnvOptions env_options = EnvOptions(options);
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std::string fname = GetFileName(num, hash_ratio);
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std::unique_ptr<WritableFile> writable_file;
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ASSERT_OK(env->NewWritableFile(fname, &writable_file, env_options));
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CuckooTableBuilder builder(
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writable_file.get(), hash_ratio,
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kMaxNumHashTable, 1000, test::Uint64Comparator(), 5, GetSliceMurmurHash);
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ASSERT_OK(builder.status());
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for (uint64_t key_idx = 0; key_idx < num; ++key_idx) {
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// Value is just a part of key.
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builder.Add(Slice(keys[key_idx]), Slice(&keys[key_idx][0], 4));
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ASSERT_EQ(builder.NumEntries(), key_idx + 1);
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ASSERT_OK(builder.status());
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}
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ASSERT_OK(builder.Finish());
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ASSERT_EQ(num, builder.NumEntries());
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ASSERT_OK(writable_file->Close());
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uint64_t file_size;
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env->GetFileSize(fname, &file_size);
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std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFile> read_file;
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ASSERT_OK(env->NewRandomAccessFile(fname, &read_file, env_options));
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CuckooTableReader reader(
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options, std::move(read_file), file_size,
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test::Uint64Comparator(), GetSliceMurmurHash);
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ASSERT_OK(reader.status());
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ReadOptions r_options;
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for (const auto& key : keys) {
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int cnt = 0;
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ASSERT_OK(reader.Get(r_options, Slice(key), &cnt, CheckValue, nullptr));
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if (cnt != 1) {
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fprintf(stderr, "%" PRIu64 " not found.\n",
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*reinterpret_cast<const uint64_t*>(key.data()));
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ASSERT_EQ(1, cnt);
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}
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}
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}
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void ReadKeys(const std::vector<std::string>& keys, uint64_t num,
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double hash_ratio, uint32_t batch_size) {
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Options options;
|
|
options.allow_mmap_reads = true;
|
|
Env* env = options.env;
|
|
EnvOptions env_options = EnvOptions(options);
|
|
std::string fname = GetFileName(num, hash_ratio);
|
|
|
|
uint64_t file_size;
|
|
env->GetFileSize(fname, &file_size);
|
|
std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFile> read_file;
|
|
ASSERT_OK(env->NewRandomAccessFile(fname, &read_file, env_options));
|
|
|
|
CuckooTableReader reader(
|
|
options, std::move(read_file), file_size, test::Uint64Comparator(),
|
|
GetSliceMurmurHash);
|
|
ASSERT_OK(reader.status());
|
|
const UserCollectedProperties user_props =
|
|
reader.GetTableProperties()->user_collected_properties;
|
|
const uint32_t num_hash_fun = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(
|
|
user_props.at(CuckooTablePropertyNames::kNumHashFunc).data());
|
|
fprintf(stderr, "With %" PRIu64 " items and hash table ratio %f, number of"
|
|
" hash functions used: %u.\n", num, hash_ratio, num_hash_fun);
|
|
ReadOptions r_options;
|
|
|
|
uint64_t start_time = env->NowMicros();
|
|
if (batch_size > 0) {
|
|
for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num; i += batch_size) {
|
|
for (uint64_t j = i; j < i+batch_size && j < num; ++j) {
|
|
reader.Prepare(Slice(keys[j]));
|
|
}
|
|
for (uint64_t j = i; j < i+batch_size && j < num; ++j) {
|
|
reader.Get(r_options, Slice(keys[j]), nullptr, DoNothing, nullptr);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num; i++) {
|
|
reader.Get(r_options, Slice(keys[i]), nullptr, DoNothing, nullptr);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
float time_per_op = (env->NowMicros() - start_time) * 1.0 / num;
|
|
fprintf(stderr,
|
|
"Time taken per op is %.3fus (%.1f Mqps) with batch size of %u\n",
|
|
time_per_op, 1.0 / time_per_op, batch_size);
|
|
}
|
|
} // namespace.
|
|
|
|
TEST(CuckooReaderTest, TestReadPerformance) {
|
|
uint64_t num = 1000*1000*100;
|
|
if (!FLAGS_enable_perf) {
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
#ifndef NDEBUG
|
|
fprintf(stdout,
|
|
"WARNING: Not compiled with DNDEBUG. Performance tests may be slow.\n");
|
|
#endif
|
|
std::vector<std::string> keys;
|
|
GetKeys(num, &keys);
|
|
for (double hash_ratio : std::vector<double>({0.5, 0.6, 0.75, 0.9})) {
|
|
if (FLAGS_write || !Env::Default()->FileExists(
|
|
GetFileName(num, hash_ratio))) {
|
|
WriteFile(keys, num, hash_ratio);
|
|
}
|
|
ReadKeys(keys, num, hash_ratio, 0);
|
|
ReadKeys(keys, num, hash_ratio, 10);
|
|
ReadKeys(keys, num, hash_ratio, 25);
|
|
ReadKeys(keys, num, hash_ratio, 50);
|
|
ReadKeys(keys, num, hash_ratio, 100);
|
|
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
} // namespace rocksdb
|
|
|
|
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
|
|
ParseCommandLineFlags(&argc, &argv, true);
|
|
rocksdb::test::RunAllTests();
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#endif // GFLAGS.
|