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rocksdb/db/db_bench.cc
Jim Paton 74781a0c49 Add three new MemTableRep's 
Summary:
This patch adds three new MemTableRep's: UnsortedRep, PrefixHashRep, and VectorRep.

UnsortedRep stores keys in an std::unordered_map of std::sets. When an iterator is requested, it dumps the keys into an std::set and iterates over that.

VectorRep stores keys in an std::vector. When an iterator is requested, it creates a copy of the vector and sorts it using std::sort. The iterator accesses that new vector.

PrefixHashRep stores keys in an unordered_map mapping prefixes to ordered sets.

I also added one API change. I added a function MemTableRep::MarkImmutable. This function is called when the rep is added to the immutable list. It doesn't do anything yet, but it seems like that could be useful. In particular, for the vectorrep, it means we could elide the extra copy and just sort in place. The only reason I haven't done that yet is because the use of the ArenaAllocator complicates things (I can elaborate on this if needed).

Test Plan:
make -j32 check
./db_stress --memtablerep=vector
./db_stress --memtablerep=unsorted
./db_stress --memtablerep=prefixhash --prefix_size=10

Reviewers: dhruba, haobo, emayanke

Reviewed By: dhruba

CC: leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D12117
2013-08-22 23:10:02 -07:00

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// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
#include <cstddef>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "db/db_impl.h"
#include "db/version_set.h"
#include "db/db_statistics.h"
#include "leveldb/options.h"
#include "leveldb/cache.h"
#include "leveldb/db.h"
#include "leveldb/env.h"
#include "leveldb/write_batch.h"
#include "leveldb/statistics.h"
#include "port/port.h"
#include "util/bit_set.h"
#include "util/crc32c.h"
#include "util/histogram.h"
#include "util/mutexlock.h"
#include "util/random.h"
#include "util/stack_trace.h"
#include "util/string_util.h"
#include "util/testutil.h"
#include "hdfs/env_hdfs.h"
#include "utilities/merge_operators.h"
// Comma-separated list of operations to run in the specified order
// Actual benchmarks:
// fillseq -- write N values in sequential key order in async mode
// fillrandom -- write N values in random key order in async mode
// overwrite -- overwrite N values in random key order in async mode
// fillsync -- write N/100 values in random key order in sync mode
// fill100K -- write N/1000 100K values in random order in async mode
// deleteseq -- delete N keys in sequential order
// deleterandom -- delete N keys in random order
// readseq -- read N times sequentially
// readreverse -- read N times in reverse order
// readrandom -- read N times in random order
// readmissing -- read N missing keys in random order
// readhot -- read N times in random order from 1% section of DB
// readwhilewriting -- 1 writer, N threads doing random reads
// readrandomwriterandom - N threads doing random-read, random-write
// updaterandom -- N threads doing read-modify-write for random keys
// appendrandom -- N threads doing read-modify-write with growing values
// mergerandom -- same as updaterandom/appendrandom using merge operator
// -- must be used with FLAGS_merge_operator (see below)
// seekrandom -- N random seeks
// crc32c -- repeated crc32c of 4K of data
// acquireload -- load N*1000 times
// Meta operations:
// compact -- Compact the entire DB
// stats -- Print DB stats
// levelstats -- Print the number of files and bytes per level
// sstables -- Print sstable info
// heapprofile -- Dump a heap profile (if supported by this port)
static const char* FLAGS_benchmarks =
"fillseq,"
"fillsync,"
"fillrandom,"
"overwrite,"
"readrandom,"
"readrandom," // Extra run to allow previous compactions to quiesce
"readseq,"
"readreverse,"
"compact,"
"readrandom,"
"readseq,"
"readreverse,"
"readwhilewriting,"
"readrandomwriterandom," // mix reads and writes based on FLAGS_readwritepercent
"updaterandom," // read-modify-write for random keys
"randomwithverify," // random reads and writes with some verification
"fill100K,"
"crc32c,"
"snappycomp,"
"snappyuncomp,"
"acquireload,"
;
// the maximum size of key in bytes
static const int MAX_KEY_SIZE = 128;
// Number of key/values to place in database
static long long FLAGS_num = 1000000;
// Number of distinct keys to use. Used in RandomWithVerify to read/write
// on fewer keys so that gets are more likely to find the key and puts
// are more likely to update the same key
static long long FLAGS_numdistinct = 1000;
// Number of read operations to do. If negative, do FLAGS_num reads.
static long FLAGS_reads = -1;
// When ==1 reads use ::Get, when >1 reads use an iterator
static long FLAGS_read_range = 1;
// Seed base for random number generators. When 0 it is deterministic.
static long FLAGS_seed = 0;
// Number of concurrent threads to run.
static int FLAGS_threads = 1;
// Time in seconds for the random-ops tests to run. When 0 then
// FLAGS_num & FLAGS_reads determine the test duration
static int FLAGS_duration = 0;
// Size of each value
static int FLAGS_value_size = 100;
//size of each key
static int FLAGS_key_size = 16;
// Arrange to generate values that shrink to this fraction of
// their original size after compression
static double FLAGS_compression_ratio = 0.5;
// Print histogram of operation timings
static bool FLAGS_histogram = false;
// Number of bytes to buffer in memtable before compacting
// (initialized to default value by "main")
static int FLAGS_write_buffer_size = 0;
// The number of in-memory memtables.
// Each memtable is of size FLAGS_write_buffer_size.
// This is initialized to default value of 2 in "main" function.
static int FLAGS_max_write_buffer_number = 0;
// The minimum number of write buffers that will be merged together
// before writing to storage. This is cheap because it is an
// in-memory merge. If this feature is not enabled, then all these
// write buffers are flushed to L0 as separate files and this increases
// read amplification because a get request has to check in all of these
// files. Also, an in-memory merge may result in writing less
// data to storage if there are duplicate records in each of these
// individual write buffers.
static int FLAGS_min_write_buffer_number_to_merge = 0;
// The maximum number of concurrent background compactions
// that can occur in parallel.
// This is initialized to default value of 1 in "main" function.
static int FLAGS_max_background_compactions = 0;
// style of compaction: level-based vs universal
static leveldb::CompactionStyle FLAGS_compaction_style = leveldb::kCompactionStyleLevel;
// Percentage flexibility while comparing file size
// (for universal compaction only).
static int FLAGS_universal_size_ratio = 1;
// The minimum number of files in a single compaction run
// (for universal compaction only).
static int FLAGS_compaction_universal_min_merge_width = 2;
// Number of bytes to use as a cache of uncompressed data.
// Negative means use default settings.
static long FLAGS_cache_size = -1;
// Number of bytes in a block.
static int FLAGS_block_size = 0;
// Maximum number of files to keep open at the same time (use default if == 0)
static int FLAGS_open_files = 0;
// Bloom filter bits per key.
// Negative means use default settings.
static int FLAGS_bloom_bits = -1;
// If true, do not destroy the existing database. If you set this
// flag and also specify a benchmark that wants a fresh database, that
// benchmark will fail.
static bool FLAGS_use_existing_db = false;
// Use the db with the following name.
static const char* FLAGS_db = nullptr;
// Number of shards for the block cache is 2 ** FLAGS_cache_numshardbits.
// Negative means use default settings. This is applied only
// if FLAGS_cache_size is non-negative.
static int FLAGS_cache_numshardbits = -1;
// Verify checksum for every block read from storage
static bool FLAGS_verify_checksum = false;
// Database statistics
static bool FLAGS_statistics = false;
static class std::shared_ptr<leveldb::Statistics> dbstats;
// Number of write operations to do. If negative, do FLAGS_num reads.
static long FLAGS_writes = -1;
// Per-thread rate limit on writes per second. No limit when <= 0.
// Only for the readwhilewriting test.
static int FLAGS_writes_per_second = 0;
// These default values might change if the hardcoded
// Sync all writes to disk
static bool FLAGS_sync = false;
// If true, do not wait until data is synced to disk.
static bool FLAGS_disable_data_sync = false;
// If true, issue fsync instead of fdatasync
static bool FLAGS_use_fsync = false;
// If true, do not write WAL for write.
static bool FLAGS_disable_wal = false;
// If true, create a snapshot per query when randomread benchmark is used
static bool FLAGS_use_snapshot = false;
// If true, call GetApproximateSizes per query when FLAGS_read_range is > 1
// and randomread benchmark is used
static bool FLAGS_get_approx = false;
// The total number of levels
static int FLAGS_num_levels = 7;
// Target file size at level-1
static int FLAGS_target_file_size_base = 2 * 1048576;
// A multiplier to compute target level-N file size (N >= 2)
static int FLAGS_target_file_size_multiplier = 1;
// Max bytes for level-1
static uint64_t FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_base = 10 * 1048576;
// A multiplier to compute max bytes for level-N (N >= 2)
static int FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier = 10;
// A vector that specifies additional fanout per level
static std::vector<int> FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional;
// Number of files in level-0 that will trigger put stop.
static int FLAGS_level0_stop_writes_trigger = 12;
// Number of files in level-0 that will slow down writes.
static int FLAGS_level0_slowdown_writes_trigger = 8;
// Number of files in level-0 when compactions start
static int FLAGS_level0_file_num_compaction_trigger = 4;
// Ratio of reads to reads/writes (expressed as percentage) for the
// ReadRandomWriteRandom workload. The default value 90 means 90% operations
// out of all reads and writes operations are reads. In other words, 9 gets
// for every 1 put.
static int FLAGS_readwritepercent = 90;
// Percentage of deletes out of reads/writes/deletes (used in RandomWithVerify
// only). RandomWithVerify calculates writepercent as
// (100 - FLAGS_readwritepercent - FLAGS_deletepercent), so FLAGS_deletepercent
// must be smaller than (100 - FLAGS_readwritepercent)
static int FLAGS_deletepercent = 2;
// Option to disable compaction triggered by read.
static int FLAGS_disable_seek_compaction = false;
// Option to delete obsolete files periodically
// Default: 0 which means that obsolete files are
// deleted after every compaction run.
static uint64_t FLAGS_delete_obsolete_files_period_micros = 0;
// Algorithm used to compress the database
static enum leveldb::CompressionType FLAGS_compression_type =
leveldb::kSnappyCompression;
// If non-negative, compression starts from this level. Levels with number
// < FLAGS_min_level_to_compress are not compressed.
// Otherwise, apply FLAGS_compression_type to all levels.
static int FLAGS_min_level_to_compress = -1;
static int FLAGS_table_cache_numshardbits = 4;
// posix or hdfs environment
static leveldb::Env* FLAGS_env = leveldb::Env::Default();
// Stats are reported every N operations when this is greater
// than zero. When 0 the interval grows over time.
static long long FLAGS_stats_interval = 0;
// Reports additional stats per interval when this is greater
// than 0.
static int FLAGS_stats_per_interval = 0;
static double FLAGS_soft_rate_limit = 0;
// When not equal to 0 this make threads sleep at each stats
// reporting interval until the compaction score for all levels is
// less than or equal to this value.
static double FLAGS_hard_rate_limit = 0;
// When FLAGS_hard_rate_limit is set then this is the max time a put will be
// stalled.
static int FLAGS_rate_limit_delay_max_milliseconds = 1000;
// Control maximum bytes of overlaps in grandparent (i.e., level+2) before we
// stop building a single file in a level->level+1 compaction.
static int FLAGS_max_grandparent_overlap_factor = 10;
// Run read only benchmarks.
static bool FLAGS_read_only = false;
// Do not auto trigger compactions
static bool FLAGS_disable_auto_compactions = false;
// Cap the size of data in level-K for a compaction run
// that compacts Level-K with Level-(K+1) (for K >= 1)
static int FLAGS_source_compaction_factor = 1;
// Set the TTL for the WAL Files.
static uint64_t FLAGS_WAL_ttl_seconds = 0;
// Allow buffered io using OS buffers
static bool FLAGS_use_os_buffer;
// Allow reads to occur via mmap-ing files
static bool FLAGS_use_mmap_reads;
// Allow writes to occur via mmap-ing files
static bool FLAGS_use_mmap_writes;
// Advise random access on table file open
static bool FLAGS_advise_random_on_open =
leveldb::Options().advise_random_on_open;
// Access pattern advice when a file is compacted
static auto FLAGS_compaction_fadvice =
leveldb::Options().access_hint_on_compaction_start;
// Use multiget to access a series of keys instead of get
static bool FLAGS_use_multiget = false;
// If FLAGS_use_multiget is true, determines number of keys to group per call
// Arbitrary default. 90 is good because it agrees with FLAGS_readwritepercent
static long FLAGS_keys_per_multiget = 90;
// Print a message to user when a key is missing in a Get/MultiGet call
// TODO: Apply this flag to generic Get calls too. Currently only with Multiget
static bool FLAGS_warn_missing_keys = true;
// Use adaptive mutex
static auto FLAGS_use_adaptive_mutex =
leveldb::Options().use_adaptive_mutex;
// Allows OS to incrementally sync files to disk while they are being
// written, in the background. Issue one request for every bytes_per_sync
// written. 0 turns it off.
static auto FLAGS_bytes_per_sync =
leveldb::Options().bytes_per_sync;
// On true, deletes use bloom-filter and drop the delete if key not present
static bool FLAGS_filter_deletes = false;
// Control the prefix size for PrefixHashRep
static bool FLAGS_prefix_size = 0;
enum RepFactory {
kSkipList,
kPrefixHash,
kUnsorted,
kVectorRep
};
static enum RepFactory FLAGS_rep_factory;
// The merge operator to use with the database.
// If a new merge operator is specified, be sure to use fresh database
// The possible merge operators are defined in utilities/merge_operators.h
static std::string FLAGS_merge_operator = "";
namespace leveldb {
// Helper for quickly generating random data.
class RandomGenerator {
private:
std::string data_;
unsigned int pos_;
public:
RandomGenerator() {
// We use a limited amount of data over and over again and ensure
// that it is larger than the compression window (32KB), and also
// large enough to serve all typical value sizes we want to write.
Random rnd(301);
std::string piece;
while (data_.size() < (unsigned)std::max(1048576, FLAGS_value_size)) {
// Add a short fragment that is as compressible as specified
// by FLAGS_compression_ratio.
test::CompressibleString(&rnd, FLAGS_compression_ratio, 100, &piece);
data_.append(piece);
}
pos_ = 0;
}
Slice Generate(unsigned int len) {
if (pos_ + len > data_.size()) {
pos_ = 0;
assert(len < data_.size());
}
pos_ += len;
return Slice(data_.data() + pos_ - len, len);
}
};
static Slice TrimSpace(Slice s) {
unsigned int start = 0;
while (start < s.size() && isspace(s[start])) {
start++;
}
unsigned int limit = s.size();
while (limit > start && isspace(s[limit-1])) {
limit--;
}
return Slice(s.data() + start, limit - start);
}
static void AppendWithSpace(std::string* str, Slice msg) {
if (msg.empty()) return;
if (!str->empty()) {
str->push_back(' ');
}
str->append(msg.data(), msg.size());
}
class Stats {
private:
int id_;
double start_;
double finish_;
double seconds_;
long long done_;
long long last_report_done_;
long long next_report_;
int64_t bytes_;
double last_op_finish_;
double last_report_finish_;
HistogramImpl hist_;
std::string message_;
bool exclude_from_merge_;
public:
Stats() { Start(-1); }
void Start(int id) {
id_ = id;
next_report_ = FLAGS_stats_interval ? FLAGS_stats_interval : 100;
last_op_finish_ = start_;
hist_.Clear();
done_ = 0;
last_report_done_ = 0;
bytes_ = 0;
seconds_ = 0;
start_ = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
finish_ = start_;
last_report_finish_ = start_;
message_.clear();
// When set, stats from this thread won't be merged with others.
exclude_from_merge_ = false;
}
void Merge(const Stats& other) {
if (other.exclude_from_merge_)
return;
hist_.Merge(other.hist_);
done_ += other.done_;
bytes_ += other.bytes_;
seconds_ += other.seconds_;
if (other.start_ < start_) start_ = other.start_;
if (other.finish_ > finish_) finish_ = other.finish_;
// Just keep the messages from one thread
if (message_.empty()) message_ = other.message_;
}
void Stop() {
finish_ = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
seconds_ = (finish_ - start_) * 1e-6;
}
void AddMessage(Slice msg) {
AppendWithSpace(&message_, msg);
}
void SetId(int id) { id_ = id; }
void SetExcludeFromMerge() { exclude_from_merge_ = true; }
void FinishedSingleOp(DB* db) {
if (FLAGS_histogram) {
double now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
double micros = now - last_op_finish_;
hist_.Add(micros);
if (micros > 20000 && !FLAGS_stats_interval) {
fprintf(stderr, "long op: %.1f micros%30s\r", micros, "");
fflush(stderr);
}
last_op_finish_ = now;
}
done_++;
if (done_ >= next_report_) {
if (!FLAGS_stats_interval) {
if (next_report_ < 1000) next_report_ += 100;
else if (next_report_ < 5000) next_report_ += 500;
else if (next_report_ < 10000) next_report_ += 1000;
else if (next_report_ < 50000) next_report_ += 5000;
else if (next_report_ < 100000) next_report_ += 10000;
else if (next_report_ < 500000) next_report_ += 50000;
else next_report_ += 100000;
fprintf(stderr, "... finished %lld ops%30s\r", done_, "");
fflush(stderr);
} else {
double now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
fprintf(stderr,
"%s ... thread %d: (%lld,%lld) ops and "
"(%.1f,%.1f) ops/second in (%.6f,%.6f) seconds\n",
FLAGS_env->TimeToString((uint64_t) now/1000000).c_str(),
id_,
done_ - last_report_done_, done_,
(done_ - last_report_done_) /
((now - last_report_finish_) / 1000000.0),
done_ / ((now - start_) / 1000000.0),
(now - last_report_finish_) / 1000000.0,
(now - start_) / 1000000.0);
if (FLAGS_stats_per_interval) {
std::string stats;
if (db && db->GetProperty("leveldb.stats", &stats))
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", stats.c_str());
}
fflush(stderr);
next_report_ += FLAGS_stats_interval;
last_report_finish_ = now;
last_report_done_ = done_;
}
}
}
void AddBytes(int64_t n) {
bytes_ += n;
}
void Report(const Slice& name) {
// Pretend at least one op was done in case we are running a benchmark
// that does not call FinishedSingleOp().
if (done_ < 1) done_ = 1;
std::string extra;
if (bytes_ > 0) {
// Rate is computed on actual elapsed time, not the sum of per-thread
// elapsed times.
double elapsed = (finish_ - start_) * 1e-6;
char rate[100];
snprintf(rate, sizeof(rate), "%6.1f MB/s",
(bytes_ / 1048576.0) / elapsed);
extra = rate;
}
AppendWithSpace(&extra, message_);
double elapsed = (finish_ - start_) * 1e-6;
double throughput = (double)done_/elapsed;
fprintf(stdout, "%-12s : %11.3f micros/op %ld ops/sec;%s%s\n",
name.ToString().c_str(),
elapsed * 1e6 / done_,
(long)throughput,
(extra.empty() ? "" : " "),
extra.c_str());
if (FLAGS_histogram) {
fprintf(stdout, "Microseconds per op:\n%s\n", hist_.ToString().c_str());
}
fflush(stdout);
}
};
// State shared by all concurrent executions of the same benchmark.
struct SharedState {
port::Mutex mu;
port::CondVar cv;
int total;
// Each thread goes through the following states:
// (1) initializing
// (2) waiting for others to be initialized
// (3) running
// (4) done
long num_initialized;
long num_done;
bool start;
SharedState() : cv(&mu) { }
};
// Per-thread state for concurrent executions of the same benchmark.
struct ThreadState {
int tid; // 0..n-1 when running in n threads
Random64 rand; // Has different seeds for different threads
Stats stats;
SharedState* shared;
/* implicit */ ThreadState(int index)
: tid(index),
rand((FLAGS_seed ? FLAGS_seed : 1000) + index) {
}
};
class Duration {
public:
Duration(int max_seconds, long long max_ops) {
max_seconds_ = max_seconds;
max_ops_= max_ops;
ops_ = 0;
start_at_ = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
}
bool Done(int increment) {
if (increment <= 0) increment = 1; // avoid Done(0) and infinite loops
ops_ += increment;
if (max_seconds_) {
// Recheck every appx 1000 ops (exact iff increment is factor of 1000)
if ((ops_/1000) != ((ops_-increment)/1000)) {
double now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
return ((now - start_at_) / 1000000.0) >= max_seconds_;
} else {
return false;
}
} else {
return ops_ > max_ops_;
}
}
private:
int max_seconds_;
long long max_ops_;
long long ops_;
double start_at_;
};
class Benchmark {
private:
shared_ptr<Cache> cache_;
const FilterPolicy* filter_policy_;
DB* db_;
long long num_;
int value_size_;
int key_size_;
int entries_per_batch_;
WriteOptions write_options_;
long long reads_;
long long writes_;
long long readwrites_;
int heap_counter_;
char keyFormat_[100]; // this string will contain the format of key. e.g "%016d"
void PrintHeader() {
PrintEnvironment();
fprintf(stdout, "Keys: %d bytes each\n", FLAGS_key_size);
fprintf(stdout, "Values: %d bytes each (%d bytes after compression)\n",
FLAGS_value_size,
static_cast<int>(FLAGS_value_size * FLAGS_compression_ratio + 0.5));
fprintf(stdout, "Entries: %lld\n", num_);
fprintf(stdout, "RawSize: %.1f MB (estimated)\n",
((static_cast<int64_t>(FLAGS_key_size + FLAGS_value_size) * num_)
/ 1048576.0));
fprintf(stdout, "FileSize: %.1f MB (estimated)\n",
(((FLAGS_key_size + FLAGS_value_size * FLAGS_compression_ratio) * num_)
/ 1048576.0));
fprintf(stdout, "Write rate limit: %d\n", FLAGS_writes_per_second);
switch (FLAGS_compression_type) {
case leveldb::kNoCompression:
fprintf(stdout, "Compression: none\n");
break;
case leveldb::kSnappyCompression:
fprintf(stdout, "Compression: snappy\n");
break;
case leveldb::kZlibCompression:
fprintf(stdout, "Compression: zlib\n");
break;
case leveldb::kBZip2Compression:
fprintf(stdout, "Compression: bzip2\n");
break;
}
switch (FLAGS_rep_factory) {
case kPrefixHash:
fprintf(stdout, "Memtablerep: prefix_hash\n");
break;
case kSkipList:
fprintf(stdout, "Memtablerep: skip_list\n");
break;
case kUnsorted:
fprintf(stdout, "Memtablerep: unsorted\n");
break;
case kVectorRep:
fprintf(stdout, "Memtablerep: vector\n");
break;
}
PrintWarnings();
fprintf(stdout, "------------------------------------------------\n");
}
void PrintWarnings() {
#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__OPTIMIZE__)
fprintf(stdout,
"WARNING: Optimization is disabled: benchmarks unnecessarily slow\n"
);
#endif
#ifndef NDEBUG
fprintf(stdout,
"WARNING: Assertions are enabled; benchmarks unnecessarily slow\n");
#endif
if (FLAGS_compression_type != leveldb::kNoCompression) {
// The test string should not be too small.
const int len = FLAGS_block_size;
char* text = (char*) malloc(len+1);
bool result = true;
const char* name = nullptr;
std::string compressed;
memset(text, (int) 'y', len);
text[len] = '\0';
switch (FLAGS_compression_type) {
case kSnappyCompression:
result = port::Snappy_Compress(Options().compression_opts, text,
strlen(text), &compressed);
name = "Snappy";
break;
case kZlibCompression:
result = port::Zlib_Compress(Options().compression_opts, text,
strlen(text), &compressed);
name = "Zlib";
break;
case kBZip2Compression:
result = port::BZip2_Compress(Options().compression_opts, text,
strlen(text), &compressed);
name = "BZip2";
break;
case kNoCompression:
assert(false); // cannot happen
break;
}
if (!result) {
fprintf(stdout, "WARNING: %s compression is not enabled\n", name);
} else if (name && compressed.size() >= strlen(text)) {
fprintf(stdout, "WARNING: %s compression is not effective\n", name);
}
free(text);
}
}
void PrintEnvironment() {
fprintf(stderr, "LevelDB: version %d.%d\n",
kMajorVersion, kMinorVersion);
#if defined(__linux)
time_t now = time(nullptr);
fprintf(stderr, "Date: %s", ctime(&now)); // ctime() adds newline
FILE* cpuinfo = fopen("/proc/cpuinfo", "r");
if (cpuinfo != nullptr) {
char line[1000];
int num_cpus = 0;
std::string cpu_type;
std::string cache_size;
while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), cpuinfo) != nullptr) {
const char* sep = strchr(line, ':');
if (sep == nullptr) {
continue;
}
Slice key = TrimSpace(Slice(line, sep - 1 - line));
Slice val = TrimSpace(Slice(sep + 1));
if (key == "model name") {
++num_cpus;
cpu_type = val.ToString();
} else if (key == "cache size") {
cache_size = val.ToString();
}
}
fclose(cpuinfo);
fprintf(stderr, "CPU: %d * %s\n", num_cpus, cpu_type.c_str());
fprintf(stderr, "CPUCache: %s\n", cache_size.c_str());
}
#endif
}
public:
Benchmark()
: cache_(FLAGS_cache_size >= 0 ?
(FLAGS_cache_numshardbits >= 1 ?
NewLRUCache(FLAGS_cache_size, FLAGS_cache_numshardbits) :
NewLRUCache(FLAGS_cache_size)) : nullptr),
filter_policy_(FLAGS_bloom_bits >= 0
? NewBloomFilterPolicy(FLAGS_bloom_bits)
: nullptr),
db_(nullptr),
num_(FLAGS_num),
value_size_(FLAGS_value_size),
key_size_(FLAGS_key_size),
entries_per_batch_(1),
reads_(FLAGS_reads < 0 ? FLAGS_num : FLAGS_reads),
writes_(FLAGS_writes < 0 ? FLAGS_num : FLAGS_writes),
readwrites_((FLAGS_writes < 0 && FLAGS_reads < 0)? FLAGS_num :
((FLAGS_writes > FLAGS_reads) ? FLAGS_writes : FLAGS_reads)
),
heap_counter_(0) {
std::vector<std::string> files;
FLAGS_env->GetChildren(FLAGS_db, &files);
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
if (Slice(files[i]).starts_with("heap-")) {
FLAGS_env->DeleteFile(std::string(FLAGS_db) + "/" + files[i]);
}
}
if (!FLAGS_use_existing_db) {
DestroyDB(FLAGS_db, Options());
}
}
~Benchmark() {
delete db_;
delete filter_policy_;
}
//this function will construct string format for key. e.g "%016lld"
void ConstructStrFormatForKey(char* str, int keySize) {
str[0] = '%';
str[1] = '0';
sprintf(str+2, "%dlld%s", keySize, "%s");
}
unique_ptr<char []> GenerateKeyFromInt(long long v, const char* suffix = "") {
unique_ptr<char []> keyInStr(new char[MAX_KEY_SIZE]);
snprintf(keyInStr.get(), MAX_KEY_SIZE, keyFormat_, v, suffix);
return keyInStr;
}
void Run() {
PrintHeader();
Open();
const char* benchmarks = FLAGS_benchmarks;
while (benchmarks != nullptr) {
const char* sep = strchr(benchmarks, ',');
Slice name;
if (sep == nullptr) {
name = benchmarks;
benchmarks = nullptr;
} else {
name = Slice(benchmarks, sep - benchmarks);
benchmarks = sep + 1;
}
// Sanitize parameters
num_ = FLAGS_num;
reads_ = (FLAGS_reads < 0 ? FLAGS_num : FLAGS_reads);
writes_ = (FLAGS_writes < 0 ? FLAGS_num : FLAGS_writes);
value_size_ = FLAGS_value_size;
key_size_ = FLAGS_key_size;
ConstructStrFormatForKey(keyFormat_, key_size_);
entries_per_batch_ = 1;
write_options_ = WriteOptions();
if (FLAGS_sync) {
write_options_.sync = true;
}
write_options_.disableWAL = FLAGS_disable_wal;
void (Benchmark::*method)(ThreadState*) = nullptr;
bool fresh_db = false;
int num_threads = FLAGS_threads;
if (name == Slice("fillseq")) {
fresh_db = true;
method = &Benchmark::WriteSeq;
} else if (name == Slice("fillbatch")) {
fresh_db = true;
entries_per_batch_ = 1000;
method = &Benchmark::WriteSeq;
} else if (name == Slice("fillrandom")) {
fresh_db = true;
method = &Benchmark::WriteRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("filluniquerandom")) {
fresh_db = true;
if (num_threads > 1) {
fprintf(stderr, "filluniquerandom multithreaded not supported"
" set --threads=1");
exit(1);
}
method = &Benchmark::WriteUniqueRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("overwrite")) {
fresh_db = false;
method = &Benchmark::WriteRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("fillsync")) {
fresh_db = true;
num_ /= 1000;
write_options_.sync = true;
method = &Benchmark::WriteRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("fill100K")) {
fresh_db = true;
num_ /= 1000;
value_size_ = 100 * 1000;
method = &Benchmark::WriteRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("readseq")) {
method = &Benchmark::ReadSequential;
} else if (name == Slice("readreverse")) {
method = &Benchmark::ReadReverse;
} else if (name == Slice("readrandom")) {
method = &Benchmark::ReadRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("readmissing")) {
method = &Benchmark::ReadMissing;
} else if (name == Slice("seekrandom")) {
method = &Benchmark::SeekRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("readhot")) {
method = &Benchmark::ReadHot;
} else if (name == Slice("readrandomsmall")) {
reads_ /= 1000;
method = &Benchmark::ReadRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("deleteseq")) {
method = &Benchmark::DeleteSeq;
} else if (name == Slice("deleterandom")) {
method = &Benchmark::DeleteRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("readwhilewriting")) {
num_threads++; // Add extra thread for writing
method = &Benchmark::ReadWhileWriting;
} else if (name == Slice("readrandomwriterandom")) {
method = &Benchmark::ReadRandomWriteRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("updaterandom")) {
method = &Benchmark::UpdateRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("appendrandom")) {
method = &Benchmark::AppendRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("mergerandom")) {
if (FLAGS_merge_operator.empty()) {
fprintf(stdout, "%-12s : skipped (--merge_operator is unknown)\n",
name.ToString().c_str());
method = nullptr;
} else {
method = &Benchmark::MergeRandom;
}
} else if (name == Slice("randomwithverify")) {
method = &Benchmark::RandomWithVerify;
} else if (name == Slice("compact")) {
method = &Benchmark::Compact;
} else if (name == Slice("crc32c")) {
method = &Benchmark::Crc32c;
} else if (name == Slice("acquireload")) {
method = &Benchmark::AcquireLoad;
} else if (name == Slice("snappycomp")) {
method = &Benchmark::SnappyCompress;
} else if (name == Slice("snappyuncomp")) {
method = &Benchmark::SnappyUncompress;
} else if (name == Slice("heapprofile")) {
HeapProfile();
} else if (name == Slice("stats")) {
PrintStats("leveldb.stats");
} else if (name == Slice("levelstats")) {
PrintStats("leveldb.levelstats");
} else if (name == Slice("sstables")) {
PrintStats("leveldb.sstables");
} else {
if (name != Slice()) { // No error message for empty name
fprintf(stderr, "unknown benchmark '%s'\n", name.ToString().c_str());
}
}
if (fresh_db) {
if (FLAGS_use_existing_db) {
fprintf(stdout, "%-12s : skipped (--use_existing_db is true)\n",
name.ToString().c_str());
method = nullptr;
} else {
delete db_;
db_ = nullptr;
DestroyDB(FLAGS_db, Options());
Open();
}
}
if (method != nullptr) {
fprintf(stdout, "DB path: [%s]\n", FLAGS_db);
RunBenchmark(num_threads, name, method);
}
}
if (FLAGS_statistics) {
fprintf(stdout, "STATISTICS:\n%s\n", dbstats->ToString().c_str());
}
}
private:
struct ThreadArg {
Benchmark* bm;
SharedState* shared;
ThreadState* thread;
void (Benchmark::*method)(ThreadState*);
};
static void ThreadBody(void* v) {
ThreadArg* arg = reinterpret_cast<ThreadArg*>(v);
SharedState* shared = arg->shared;
ThreadState* thread = arg->thread;
{
MutexLock l(&shared->mu);
shared->num_initialized++;
if (shared->num_initialized >= shared->total) {
shared->cv.SignalAll();
}
while (!shared->start) {
shared->cv.Wait();
}
}
thread->stats.Start(thread->tid);
(arg->bm->*(arg->method))(thread);
thread->stats.Stop();
{
MutexLock l(&shared->mu);
shared->num_done++;
if (shared->num_done >= shared->total) {
shared->cv.SignalAll();
}
}
}
void RunBenchmark(int n, Slice name,
void (Benchmark::*method)(ThreadState*)) {
SharedState shared;
shared.total = n;
shared.num_initialized = 0;
shared.num_done = 0;
shared.start = false;
ThreadArg* arg = new ThreadArg[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arg[i].bm = this;
arg[i].method = method;
arg[i].shared = &shared;
arg[i].thread = new ThreadState(i);
arg[i].thread->shared = &shared;
FLAGS_env->StartThread(ThreadBody, &arg[i]);
}
shared.mu.Lock();
while (shared.num_initialized < n) {
shared.cv.Wait();
}
shared.start = true;
shared.cv.SignalAll();
while (shared.num_done < n) {
shared.cv.Wait();
}
shared.mu.Unlock();
// Stats for some threads can be excluded.
Stats merge_stats;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
merge_stats.Merge(arg[i].thread->stats);
}
merge_stats.Report(name);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
delete arg[i].thread;
}
delete[] arg;
}
void Crc32c(ThreadState* thread) {
// Checksum about 500MB of data total
const int size = 4096;
const char* label = "(4K per op)";
std::string data(size, 'x');
int64_t bytes = 0;
uint32_t crc = 0;
while (bytes < 500 * 1048576) {
crc = crc32c::Value(data.data(), size);
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(nullptr);
bytes += size;
}
// Print so result is not dead
fprintf(stderr, "... crc=0x%x\r", static_cast<unsigned int>(crc));
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
thread->stats.AddMessage(label);
}
void AcquireLoad(ThreadState* thread) {
int dummy;
port::AtomicPointer ap(&dummy);
int count = 0;
void *ptr = nullptr;
thread->stats.AddMessage("(each op is 1000 loads)");
while (count < 100000) {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
ptr = ap.Acquire_Load();
}
count++;
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(nullptr);
}
if (ptr == nullptr) exit(1); // Disable unused variable warning.
}
void SnappyCompress(ThreadState* thread) {
RandomGenerator gen;
Slice input = gen.Generate(Options().block_size);
int64_t bytes = 0;
int64_t produced = 0;
bool ok = true;
std::string compressed;
while (ok && bytes < 1024 * 1048576) { // Compress 1G
ok = port::Snappy_Compress(Options().compression_opts, input.data(),
input.size(), &compressed);
produced += compressed.size();
bytes += input.size();
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(nullptr);
}
if (!ok) {
thread->stats.AddMessage("(snappy failure)");
} else {
char buf[100];
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "(output: %.1f%%)",
(produced * 100.0) / bytes);
thread->stats.AddMessage(buf);
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
}
}
void SnappyUncompress(ThreadState* thread) {
RandomGenerator gen;
Slice input = gen.Generate(Options().block_size);
std::string compressed;
bool ok = port::Snappy_Compress(Options().compression_opts, input.data(),
input.size(), &compressed);
int64_t bytes = 0;
char* uncompressed = new char[input.size()];
while (ok && bytes < 1024 * 1048576) { // Compress 1G
ok = port::Snappy_Uncompress(compressed.data(), compressed.size(),
uncompressed);
bytes += input.size();
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(nullptr);
}
delete[] uncompressed;
if (!ok) {
thread->stats.AddMessage("(snappy failure)");
} else {
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
}
}
void Open() {
assert(db_ == nullptr);
Options options;
options.create_if_missing = !FLAGS_use_existing_db;
options.block_cache = cache_;
if (cache_ == nullptr) {
options.no_block_cache = true;
}
options.write_buffer_size = FLAGS_write_buffer_size;
options.max_write_buffer_number = FLAGS_max_write_buffer_number;
options.min_write_buffer_number_to_merge =
FLAGS_min_write_buffer_number_to_merge;
options.max_background_compactions = FLAGS_max_background_compactions;
options.compaction_style = FLAGS_compaction_style;
options.compaction_options_universal.size_ratio = FLAGS_universal_size_ratio;
options.compaction_options_universal.min_merge_width =
FLAGS_compaction_universal_min_merge_width;
options.block_size = FLAGS_block_size;
options.filter_policy = filter_policy_;
options.max_open_files = FLAGS_open_files;
options.statistics = dbstats;
options.env = FLAGS_env;
options.disableDataSync = FLAGS_disable_data_sync;
options.use_fsync = FLAGS_use_fsync;
options.num_levels = FLAGS_num_levels;
options.target_file_size_base = FLAGS_target_file_size_base;
options.target_file_size_multiplier = FLAGS_target_file_size_multiplier;
options.max_bytes_for_level_base = FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_base;
options.max_bytes_for_level_multiplier =
FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier;
options.filter_deletes = FLAGS_filter_deletes;
if ((FLAGS_prefix_size == 0) == (FLAGS_rep_factory == kPrefixHash)) {
fprintf(stderr,
"prefix_size should be non-zero iff memtablerep == prefix_hash\n");
exit(1);
}
switch (FLAGS_rep_factory) {
case kPrefixHash:
options.memtable_factory.reset(
new PrefixHashRepFactory(NewFixedPrefixTransform(FLAGS_prefix_size))
);
break;
case kUnsorted:
options.memtable_factory.reset(
new UnsortedRepFactory
);
break;
case kSkipList:
// no need to do anything
break;
case kVectorRep:
options.memtable_factory.reset(
new VectorRepFactory
);
break;
}
if (FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional.size() > 0) {
if (FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional.size() !=
(unsigned int)FLAGS_num_levels) {
fprintf(stderr, "Insufficient number of fanouts specified %d\n",
(int)FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional.size());
exit(1);
}
options.max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional =
FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional;
}
options.level0_stop_writes_trigger = FLAGS_level0_stop_writes_trigger;
options.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger =
FLAGS_level0_file_num_compaction_trigger;
options.level0_slowdown_writes_trigger =
FLAGS_level0_slowdown_writes_trigger;
options.compression = FLAGS_compression_type;
options.WAL_ttl_seconds = FLAGS_WAL_ttl_seconds;
if (FLAGS_min_level_to_compress >= 0) {
assert(FLAGS_min_level_to_compress <= FLAGS_num_levels);
options.compression_per_level.resize(FLAGS_num_levels);
for (int i = 0; i < FLAGS_min_level_to_compress; i++) {
options.compression_per_level[i] = kNoCompression;
}
for (int i = FLAGS_min_level_to_compress;
i < FLAGS_num_levels; i++) {
options.compression_per_level[i] = FLAGS_compression_type;
}
}
options.disable_seek_compaction = FLAGS_disable_seek_compaction;
options.delete_obsolete_files_period_micros =
FLAGS_delete_obsolete_files_period_micros;
options.soft_rate_limit = FLAGS_soft_rate_limit;
options.hard_rate_limit = FLAGS_hard_rate_limit;
options.rate_limit_delay_max_milliseconds =
FLAGS_rate_limit_delay_max_milliseconds;
options.table_cache_numshardbits = FLAGS_table_cache_numshardbits;
options.max_grandparent_overlap_factor =
FLAGS_max_grandparent_overlap_factor;
options.disable_auto_compactions = FLAGS_disable_auto_compactions;
options.source_compaction_factor = FLAGS_source_compaction_factor;
// fill storage options
options.allow_os_buffer = FLAGS_use_os_buffer;
options.allow_mmap_reads = FLAGS_use_mmap_reads;
options.allow_mmap_writes = FLAGS_use_mmap_writes;
options.advise_random_on_open = FLAGS_advise_random_on_open;
options.access_hint_on_compaction_start = FLAGS_compaction_fadvice;
options.use_adaptive_mutex = FLAGS_use_adaptive_mutex;
options.bytes_per_sync = FLAGS_bytes_per_sync;
// merge operator options
options.merge_operator = MergeOperators::CreateFromStringId(
FLAGS_merge_operator);
if (options.merge_operator == nullptr && !FLAGS_merge_operator.empty()) {
fprintf(stderr, "invalid merge operator: %s\n",
FLAGS_merge_operator.c_str());
exit(1);
}
Status s;
if(FLAGS_read_only) {
s = DB::OpenForReadOnly(options, FLAGS_db, &db_);
} else {
s = DB::Open(options, FLAGS_db, &db_);
}
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "open error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
if (FLAGS_min_level_to_compress >= 0) {
options.compression_per_level.clear();
}
}
enum WriteMode {
RANDOM, SEQUENTIAL, UNIQUE_RANDOM
};
void WriteSeq(ThreadState* thread) {
DoWrite(thread, SEQUENTIAL);
}
void WriteRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
DoWrite(thread, RANDOM);
}
void WriteUniqueRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
DoWrite(thread, UNIQUE_RANDOM);
}
void DoWrite(ThreadState* thread, WriteMode write_mode) {
const int test_duration = write_mode == RANDOM ? FLAGS_duration : 0;
const int num_ops = writes_ == 0 ? num_ : writes_ ;
Duration duration(test_duration, num_ops);
unique_ptr<BitSet> bit_set;
if (write_mode == UNIQUE_RANDOM) {
bit_set.reset(new BitSet(num_ops));
}
if (num_ != FLAGS_num) {
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "(%lld ops)", num_);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
RandomGenerator gen;
WriteBatch batch;
Status s;
int64_t bytes = 0;
int i = 0;
while (!duration.Done(entries_per_batch_)) {
batch.Clear();
for (int j = 0; j < entries_per_batch_; j++) {
long long k = 0;
switch(write_mode) {
case SEQUENTIAL:
k = i +j;
break;
case RANDOM:
k = thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num;
break;
case UNIQUE_RANDOM:
{
const long long t = thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num;
if (!bit_set->test(t)) {
// best case
k = t;
} else {
bool found = false;
// look forward
for (size_t i = t + 1; i < bit_set->size(); ++i) {
if (!bit_set->test(i)) {
found = true;
k = i;
break;
}
}
if (!found) {
for (size_t i = t; i-- > 0;) {
if (!bit_set->test(i)) {
found = true;
k = i;
break;
}
}
}
}
bit_set->set(k);
break;
}
};
unique_ptr<char []> key = GenerateKeyFromInt(k);
batch.Put(key.get(), gen.Generate(value_size_));
bytes += value_size_ + strlen(key.get());
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(db_);
}
s = db_->Write(write_options_, &batch);
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "put error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
i += entries_per_batch_;
}
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
}
void ReadSequential(ThreadState* thread) {
Iterator* iter = db_->NewIterator(ReadOptions(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true));
long long i = 0;
int64_t bytes = 0;
for (iter->SeekToFirst(); i < reads_ && iter->Valid(); iter->Next()) {
bytes += iter->key().size() + iter->value().size();
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(db_);
++i;
}
delete iter;
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
}
void ReadReverse(ThreadState* thread) {
Iterator* iter = db_->NewIterator(ReadOptions(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true));
long long i = 0;
int64_t bytes = 0;
for (iter->SeekToLast(); i < reads_ && iter->Valid(); iter->Prev()) {
bytes += iter->key().size() + iter->value().size();
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(db_);
++i;
}
delete iter;
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
}
// Calls MultiGet over a list of keys from a random distribution.
// Returns the total number of keys found.
long MultiGetRandom(ReadOptions& options, int num_keys,
Random64& rand, long long range, const char* suffix) {
assert(num_keys > 0);
std::vector<Slice> keys(num_keys);
std::vector<std::string> values(num_keys);
std::vector<unique_ptr<char []> > gen_keys(num_keys);
int i;
long long k;
// Fill the keys vector
for(i=0; i<num_keys; ++i) {
k = rand.Next() % range;
gen_keys[i] = GenerateKeyFromInt(k,suffix);
keys[i] = gen_keys[i].get();
}
if (FLAGS_use_snapshot) {
options.snapshot = db_->GetSnapshot();
}
// Apply the operation
std::vector<Status> statuses = db_->MultiGet(options, keys, &values);
assert((long)statuses.size() == num_keys);
assert((long)keys.size() == num_keys); // Should always be the case.
assert((long)values.size() == num_keys);
if (FLAGS_use_snapshot) {
db_->ReleaseSnapshot(options.snapshot);
options.snapshot = nullptr;
}
// Count number found
long found = 0;
for(i=0; i<num_keys; ++i) {
if (statuses[i].ok()){
++found;
} else if (FLAGS_warn_missing_keys == true) {
// Key not found, or error.
fprintf(stderr, "get error: %s\n", statuses[i].ToString().c_str());
}
}
return found;
}
void ReadRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
Duration duration(FLAGS_duration, reads_);
long long found = 0;
if (FLAGS_use_multiget) { // MultiGet
const long& kpg = FLAGS_keys_per_multiget; // keys per multiget group
long keys_left = reads_;
// Recalculate number of keys per group, and call MultiGet until done
long num_keys;
while(num_keys = std::min(keys_left, kpg), !duration.Done(num_keys)) {
found += MultiGetRandom(options, num_keys, thread->rand, FLAGS_num, "");
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(db_);
keys_left -= num_keys;
}
} else { // Regular case. Do one "get" at a time Get
Iterator* iter = db_->NewIterator(options);
std::string value;
while (!duration.Done(1)) {
const long long k = thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num;
unique_ptr<char []> key = GenerateKeyFromInt(k);
if (FLAGS_use_snapshot) {
options.snapshot = db_->GetSnapshot();
}
if (FLAGS_read_range < 2) {
if (db_->Get(options, key.get(), &value).ok()) {
found++;
}
} else {
Slice skey(key.get());
int count = 1;
if (FLAGS_get_approx) {
unique_ptr<char []> key2 =
GenerateKeyFromInt(k + (int) FLAGS_read_range);
Slice skey2(key2.get());
Range range(skey, skey2);
uint64_t sizes;
db_->GetApproximateSizes(&range, 1, &sizes);
}
for (iter->Seek(skey);
iter->Valid() && count <= FLAGS_read_range;
++count, iter->Next()) {
found++;
}
}
if (FLAGS_use_snapshot) {
db_->ReleaseSnapshot(options.snapshot);
options.snapshot = nullptr;
}
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(db_);
}
delete iter;
}
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "(%lld of %lld found)", found, reads_);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
void ReadMissing(ThreadState* thread) {
FLAGS_warn_missing_keys = false; // Never warn about missing keys
Duration duration(FLAGS_duration, reads_);
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
if (FLAGS_use_multiget) {
const long& kpg = FLAGS_keys_per_multiget; // keys per multiget group
long keys_left = reads_;
// Recalculate number of keys per group, and call MultiGet until done
long num_keys;
long found;
while(num_keys = std::min(keys_left, kpg), !duration.Done(num_keys)) {
found = MultiGetRandom(options, num_keys, thread->rand, FLAGS_num, ".");
// We should not find any key since the key we try to get has a
// different suffix
if (found) {
assert(false);
}
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(db_);
keys_left -= num_keys;
}
} else { // Regular case (not MultiGet)
std::string value;
Status s;
while (!duration.Done(1)) {
const long long k = thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num;
unique_ptr<char []> key = GenerateKeyFromInt(k, ".");
s = db_->Get(options, key.get(), &value);
assert(!s.ok() && s.IsNotFound());
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(db_);
}
}
}
void ReadHot(ThreadState* thread) {
Duration duration(FLAGS_duration, reads_);
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
const long long range = (FLAGS_num + 99) / 100;
long long found = 0;
if (FLAGS_use_multiget) {
const long long kpg = FLAGS_keys_per_multiget; // keys per multiget group
long long keys_left = reads_;
// Recalculate number of keys per group, and call MultiGet until done
long num_keys;
while(num_keys = std::min(keys_left, kpg), !duration.Done(num_keys)) {
found += MultiGetRandom(options, num_keys, thread->rand, range, "");
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(db_);
keys_left -= num_keys;
}
} else {
std::string value;
while (!duration.Done(1)) {
const long long k = thread->rand.Next() % range;
unique_ptr<char []> key = GenerateKeyFromInt(k);
if (db_->Get(options, key.get(), &value).ok()){
++found;
}
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(db_);
}
}
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "(%lld of %lld found)", found, reads_);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
void SeekRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
Duration duration(FLAGS_duration, reads_);
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
std::string value;
long long found = 0;
while (!duration.Done(1)) {
Iterator* iter = db_->NewIterator(options);
const long long k = thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num;
unique_ptr<char []> key = GenerateKeyFromInt(k);
iter->Seek(key.get());
if (iter->Valid() && iter->key() == key.get()) found++;
delete iter;
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(db_);
}
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "(%lld of %lld found)", found, num_);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
void DoDelete(ThreadState* thread, bool seq) {
WriteBatch batch;
Status s;
Duration duration(seq ? 0 : FLAGS_duration, num_);
long i = 0;
while (!duration.Done(entries_per_batch_)) {
batch.Clear();
for (int j = 0; j < entries_per_batch_; j++) {
const long long k = seq ? i+j : (thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num);
unique_ptr<char []> key = GenerateKeyFromInt(k);
batch.Delete(key.get());
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(db_);
}
s = db_->Write(write_options_, &batch);
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "del error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
++i;
}
}
void DeleteSeq(ThreadState* thread) {
DoDelete(thread, true);
}
void DeleteRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
DoDelete(thread, false);
}
void ReadWhileWriting(ThreadState* thread) {
if (thread->tid > 0) {
ReadRandom(thread);
} else {
// Special thread that keeps writing until other threads are done.
RandomGenerator gen;
double last = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
int writes_per_second_by_10 = 0;
int num_writes = 0;
// --writes_per_second rate limit is enforced per 100 milliseconds
// intervals to avoid a burst of writes at the start of each second.
if (FLAGS_writes_per_second > 0)
writes_per_second_by_10 = FLAGS_writes_per_second / 10;
// Don't merge stats from this thread with the readers.
thread->stats.SetExcludeFromMerge();
while (true) {
{
MutexLock l(&thread->shared->mu);
if (thread->shared->num_done + 1 >= thread->shared->num_initialized) {
// Other threads have finished
break;
}
}
const long long k = thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num;
unique_ptr<char []> key = GenerateKeyFromInt(k);
Status s = db_->Put(write_options_, key.get(), gen.Generate(value_size_));
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "put error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(db_);
++num_writes;
if (writes_per_second_by_10 && num_writes >= writes_per_second_by_10) {
double now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
double usecs_since_last = now - last;
num_writes = 0;
last = now;
if (usecs_since_last < 100000.0) {
FLAGS_env->SleepForMicroseconds(100000.0 - usecs_since_last);
last = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
}
}
}
}
}
// Given a key K and value V, this puts (K+"0", V), (K+"1", V), (K+"2", V)
// in DB atomically i.e in a single batch. Also refer GetMany.
Status PutMany(const WriteOptions& writeoptions,
const Slice& key, const Slice& value) {
std::string suffixes[3] = {"2", "1", "0"};
std::string keys[3];
WriteBatch batch;
Status s;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
keys[i] = key.ToString() + suffixes[i];
batch.Put(keys[i], value);
}
s = db_->Write(writeoptions, &batch);
return s;
}
// Given a key K, this deletes (K+"0", V), (K+"1", V), (K+"2", V)
// in DB atomically i.e in a single batch. Also refer GetMany.
Status DeleteMany(const WriteOptions& writeoptions,
const Slice& key) {
std::string suffixes[3] = {"1", "2", "0"};
std::string keys[3];
WriteBatch batch;
Status s;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
keys[i] = key.ToString() + suffixes[i];
batch.Delete(keys[i]);
}
s = db_->Write(writeoptions, &batch);
return s;
}
// Given a key K and value V, this gets values for K+"0", K+"1" and K+"2"
// in the same snapshot, and verifies that all the values are identical.
// ASSUMES that PutMany was used to put (K, V) into the DB.
Status GetMany(const ReadOptions& readoptions,
const Slice& key, std::string* value) {
std::string suffixes[3] = {"0", "1", "2"};
std::string keys[3];
Slice key_slices[3];
std::string values[3];
ReadOptions readoptionscopy = readoptions;
readoptionscopy.snapshot = db_->GetSnapshot();
Status s;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
keys[i] = key.ToString() + suffixes[i];
key_slices[i] = keys[i];
s = db_->Get(readoptionscopy, key_slices[i], value);
if (!s.ok() && !s.IsNotFound()) {
fprintf(stderr, "get error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
values[i] = "";
// we continue after error rather than exiting so that we can
// find more errors if any
} else if (s.IsNotFound()) {
values[i] = "";
} else {
values[i] = *value;
}
}
db_->ReleaseSnapshot(readoptionscopy.snapshot);
if ((values[0] != values[1]) || (values[1] != values[2])) {
fprintf(stderr, "inconsistent values for key %s: %s, %s, %s\n",
key.ToString().c_str(), values[0].c_str(), values[1].c_str(),
values[2].c_str());
// we continue after error rather than exiting so that we can
// find more errors if any
}
return s;
}
// Differs from readrandomwriterandom in the following ways:
// (a) Uses GetMany/PutMany to read/write key values. Refer to those funcs.
// (b) Does deletes as well (per FLAGS_deletepercent)
// (c) In order to achieve high % of 'found' during lookups, and to do
// multiple writes (including puts and deletes) it uses upto
// FLAGS_numdistinct distinct keys instead of FLAGS_num distinct keys.
// (d) Does not have a MultiGet option.
void RandomWithVerify(ThreadState* thread) {
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
RandomGenerator gen;
std::string value;
long long found = 0;
int get_weight = 0;
int put_weight = 0;
int delete_weight = 0;
long long gets_done = 0;
long long puts_done = 0;
long long deletes_done = 0;
// the number of iterations is the larger of read_ or write_
for (long long i = 0; i < readwrites_; i++) {
const long long k = thread->rand.Next() % (FLAGS_numdistinct);
unique_ptr<char []> key = GenerateKeyFromInt(k);
if (get_weight == 0 && put_weight == 0 && delete_weight == 0) {
// one batch completed, reinitialize for next batch
get_weight = FLAGS_readwritepercent;
delete_weight = FLAGS_deletepercent;
put_weight = 100 - get_weight - delete_weight;
}
if (get_weight > 0) {
// do all the gets first
Status s = GetMany(options, key.get(), &value);
if (!s.ok() && !s.IsNotFound()) {
fprintf(stderr, "getmany error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
// we continue after error rather than exiting so that we can
// find more errors if any
} else if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
found++;
}
get_weight--;
gets_done++;
} else if (put_weight > 0) {
// then do all the corresponding number of puts
// for all the gets we have done earlier
Status s = PutMany(write_options_, key.get(), gen.Generate(value_size_));
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "putmany error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
put_weight--;
puts_done++;
} else if (delete_weight > 0) {
Status s = DeleteMany(write_options_, key.get());
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "deletemany error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
delete_weight--;
deletes_done++;
}
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(db_);
}
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg),
"( get:%lld put:%lld del:%lld total:%lld found:%lld)",
gets_done, puts_done, deletes_done, readwrites_, found);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
// This is different from ReadWhileWriting because it does not use
// an extra thread.
void ReadRandomWriteRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
if (FLAGS_use_multiget){
// Separate function for multiget (for ease of reading)
ReadRandomWriteRandomMultiGet(thread);
return;
}
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
RandomGenerator gen;
std::string value;
long long found = 0;
int get_weight = 0;
int put_weight = 0;
long long reads_done = 0;
long long writes_done = 0;
Duration duration(FLAGS_duration, readwrites_);
// the number of iterations is the larger of read_ or write_
while (!duration.Done(1)) {
const long long k = thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num;
unique_ptr<char []> key = GenerateKeyFromInt(k);
if (get_weight == 0 && put_weight == 0) {
// one batch completed, reinitialize for next batch
get_weight = FLAGS_readwritepercent;
put_weight = 100 - get_weight;
}
if (get_weight > 0) {
if (FLAGS_use_snapshot) {
options.snapshot = db_->GetSnapshot();
}
if (FLAGS_get_approx) {
char key2[100];
snprintf(key2, sizeof(key2), "%016lld", k + 1);
Slice skey2(key2);
Slice skey(key2);
Range range(skey, skey2);
uint64_t sizes;
db_->GetApproximateSizes(&range, 1, &sizes);
}
// do all the gets first
Status s = db_->Get(options, key.get(), &value);
if (!s.ok() && !s.IsNotFound()) {
fprintf(stderr, "get error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
// we continue after error rather than exiting so that we can
// find more errors if any
} else if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
found++;
}
get_weight--;
reads_done++;
if (FLAGS_use_snapshot) {
db_->ReleaseSnapshot(options.snapshot);
}
} else if (put_weight > 0) {
// then do all the corresponding number of puts
// for all the gets we have done earlier
Status s = db_->Put(write_options_, key.get(), gen.Generate(value_size_));
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "put error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
put_weight--;
writes_done++;
}
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(db_);
}
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg),
"( reads:%lld writes:%lld total:%lld found:%lld)",
reads_done, writes_done, readwrites_, found);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
// ReadRandomWriteRandom (with multiget)
// Does FLAGS_keys_per_multiget reads (per multiget), followed by some puts.
// FLAGS_readwritepercent will specify the ratio of gets to puts.
// e.g.: If FLAGS_keys_per_multiget == 100 and FLAGS_readwritepercent == 75
// Then each block will do 100 multigets and 33 puts
// So there are 133 operations in-total: 100 of them (75%) are gets, and 33
// of them (25%) are puts.
void ReadRandomWriteRandomMultiGet(ThreadState* thread) {
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
RandomGenerator gen;
// For multiget
const long& kpg = FLAGS_keys_per_multiget; // keys per multiget group
long keys_left = readwrites_; // number of keys still left to read
long num_keys; // number of keys to read in current group
long num_put_keys; // number of keys to put in current group
long found = 0;
long reads_done = 0;
long writes_done = 0;
long multigets_done = 0;
// the number of iterations is the larger of read_ or write_
Duration duration(FLAGS_duration, readwrites_);
while(true) {
// Read num_keys keys, then write num_put_keys keys.
// The ratio of num_keys to num_put_keys is always FLAGS_readwritepercent
// And num_keys is set to be FLAGS_keys_per_multiget (kpg)
// num_put_keys is calculated accordingly (to maintain the ratio)
// Note: On the final iteration, num_keys and num_put_keys will be smaller
num_keys = std::min(keys_left*(FLAGS_readwritepercent + 99)/100, kpg);
num_put_keys = num_keys * (100-FLAGS_readwritepercent)
/ FLAGS_readwritepercent;
// This will break the loop when duration is complete
if (duration.Done(num_keys + num_put_keys)) {
break;
}
// A quick check to make sure our formula doesn't break on edge cases
assert(num_keys >= 1);
assert(num_keys + num_put_keys <= keys_left);
// Apply the MultiGet operations
found += MultiGetRandom(options, num_keys, thread->rand, FLAGS_num, "");
++multigets_done;
reads_done+=num_keys;
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(db_);
// Now do the puts
int i;
long long k;
for(i=0; i<num_put_keys; ++i) {
k = thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num;
unique_ptr<char []> key = GenerateKeyFromInt(k);
Status s = db_->Put(write_options_, key.get(),
gen.Generate(value_size_));
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "put error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
writes_done++;
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(db_);
}
keys_left -= (num_keys + num_put_keys);
}
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg),
"( reads:%ld writes:%ld total:%lld multiget_ops:%ld found:%ld)",
reads_done, writes_done, readwrites_, multigets_done, found);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
//
// Read-modify-write for random keys
void UpdateRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
RandomGenerator gen;
std::string value;
long long found = 0;
Duration duration(FLAGS_duration, readwrites_);
// the number of iterations is the larger of read_ or write_
while (!duration.Done(1)) {
const long long k = thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num;
unique_ptr<char []> key = GenerateKeyFromInt(k);
if (FLAGS_use_snapshot) {
options.snapshot = db_->GetSnapshot();
}
if (FLAGS_get_approx) {
char key2[100];
snprintf(key2, sizeof(key2), "%016lld", k + 1);
Slice skey2(key2);
Slice skey(key2);
Range range(skey, skey2);
uint64_t sizes;
db_->GetApproximateSizes(&range, 1, &sizes);
}
if (db_->Get(options, key.get(), &value).ok()) {
found++;
}
if (FLAGS_use_snapshot) {
db_->ReleaseSnapshot(options.snapshot);
}
Status s = db_->Put(write_options_, key.get(), gen.Generate(value_size_));
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "put error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(db_);
}
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg),
"( updates:%lld found:%lld)", readwrites_, found);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
// Read-modify-write for random keys.
// Each operation causes the key grow by value_size (simulating an append).
// Generally used for benchmarking against merges of similar type
void AppendRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
RandomGenerator gen;
std::string value;
long found = 0;
// The number of iterations is the larger of read_ or write_
Duration duration(FLAGS_duration, readwrites_);
while (!duration.Done(1)) {
const long long k = thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num;
unique_ptr<char []> key = GenerateKeyFromInt(k);
if (FLAGS_use_snapshot) {
options.snapshot = db_->GetSnapshot();
}
if (FLAGS_get_approx) {
char key2[100];
snprintf(key2, sizeof(key2), "%016lld", k + 1);
Slice skey2(key2);
Slice skey(key2);
Range range(skey, skey2);
uint64_t sizes;
db_->GetApproximateSizes(&range, 1, &sizes);
}
// Get the existing value
if (db_->Get(options, key.get(), &value).ok()) {
found++;
} else {
// If not existing, then just assume an empty string of data
value.clear();
}
if (FLAGS_use_snapshot) {
db_->ReleaseSnapshot(options.snapshot);
}
// Update the value (by appending data)
Slice operand = gen.Generate(value_size_);
if (value.size() > 0) {
// Use a delimeter to match the semantics for StringAppendOperator
value.append(1,',');
}
value.append(operand.data(), operand.size());
// Write back to the database
Status s = db_->Put(write_options_, key.get(), value);
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "put error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(db_);
}
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "( updates:%lld found:%ld)", readwrites_, found);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
// Read-modify-write for random keys (using MergeOperator)
// The merge operator to use should be defined by FLAGS_merge_operator
// Adjust FLAGS_value_size so that the keys are reasonable for this operator
// Assumes that the merge operator is non-null (i.e.: is well-defined)
//
// For example, use FLAGS_merge_operator="uint64add" and FLAGS_value_size=8
// to simulate random additions over 64-bit integers using merge.
void MergeRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
RandomGenerator gen;
// The number of iterations is the larger of read_ or write_
Duration duration(FLAGS_duration, readwrites_);
while (!duration.Done(1)) {
const long long k = thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num;
unique_ptr<char []> key = GenerateKeyFromInt(k);
Status s = db_->Merge(write_options_, key.get(),
gen.Generate(value_size_));
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "merge error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp(db_);
}
// Print some statistics
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "( updates:%lld)", readwrites_);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
void Compact(ThreadState* thread) {
db_->CompactRange(nullptr, nullptr);
}
void PrintStats(const char* key) {
std::string stats;
if (!db_->GetProperty(key, &stats)) {
stats = "(failed)";
}
fprintf(stdout, "\n%s\n", stats.c_str());
}
static void WriteToFile(void* arg, const char* buf, int n) {
reinterpret_cast<WritableFile*>(arg)->Append(Slice(buf, n));
}
void HeapProfile() {
char fname[100];
EnvOptions soptions;
snprintf(fname, sizeof(fname), "%s/heap-%04d", FLAGS_db, ++heap_counter_);
unique_ptr<WritableFile> file;
Status s = FLAGS_env->NewWritableFile(fname, &file, soptions);
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
return;
}
bool ok = port::GetHeapProfile(WriteToFile, file.get());
if (!ok) {
fprintf(stderr, "heap profiling not supported\n");
FLAGS_env->DeleteFile(fname);
}
}
};
} // namespace leveldb
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
leveldb::InstallStackTraceHandler();
FLAGS_write_buffer_size = leveldb::Options().write_buffer_size;
FLAGS_max_write_buffer_number = leveldb::Options().max_write_buffer_number;
FLAGS_min_write_buffer_number_to_merge =
leveldb::Options().min_write_buffer_number_to_merge;
FLAGS_open_files = leveldb::Options().max_open_files;
FLAGS_max_background_compactions =
leveldb::Options().max_background_compactions;
FLAGS_compaction_style = leveldb::Options().compaction_style;
FLAGS_universal_size_ratio =
leveldb::Options().compaction_options_universal.size_ratio;
FLAGS_compaction_universal_min_merge_width =
leveldb::Options().compaction_options_universal.min_merge_width;
// Compression test code above refers to FLAGS_block_size
FLAGS_block_size = leveldb::Options().block_size;
FLAGS_use_os_buffer = leveldb::EnvOptions().use_os_buffer;
FLAGS_use_mmap_reads = leveldb::EnvOptions().use_mmap_reads;
FLAGS_use_mmap_writes = leveldb::EnvOptions().use_mmap_writes;
std::string default_db_path;
for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
double d;
int n;
long l;
long long ll;
char junk;
char buf[2048];
char str[512];
if (leveldb::Slice(argv[i]).starts_with("--benchmarks=")) {
FLAGS_benchmarks = argv[i] + strlen("--benchmarks=");
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--compression_ratio=%lf%c", &d, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_compression_ratio = d;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--histogram=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_histogram = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--use_existing_db=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_use_existing_db = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--num=%lld%c", &ll, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_num = ll;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--numdistinct=%lld%c", &ll, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_numdistinct = ll;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--reads=%lld%c", &ll, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_reads = ll;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--read_range=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_read_range = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--duration=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_duration = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--seed=%ld%c", &l, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_seed = l;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--threads=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_threads = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--value_size=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_value_size = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--key_size=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
if (MAX_KEY_SIZE < n) {
fprintf(stderr, "key_size should not be larger than %d\n", MAX_KEY_SIZE);
exit(1);
} else {
FLAGS_key_size = n;
}
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--write_buffer_size=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_write_buffer_size = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--max_write_buffer_number=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_max_write_buffer_number = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--min_write_buffer_number_to_merge=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_min_write_buffer_number_to_merge = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--max_background_compactions=%d%c", &n, &junk)
== 1) {
FLAGS_max_background_compactions = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--compaction_style=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_compaction_style = (leveldb::CompactionStyle)n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--universal_size_ratio=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_universal_size_ratio = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--universal_min_merge_width=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_compaction_universal_min_merge_width = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--cache_size=%ld%c", &l, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_cache_size = l;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--block_size=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_block_size = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--cache_numshardbits=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
if (n < 20) {
FLAGS_cache_numshardbits = n;
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "The cache cannot be sharded into 2**%d pieces\n", n);
exit(1);
}
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--table_cache_numshardbits=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
if (n <= 0 || n > 20) {
fprintf(stderr, "The cache cannot be sharded into 2**%d pieces\n", n);
exit(1);
}
FLAGS_table_cache_numshardbits = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--bloom_bits=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_bloom_bits = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--open_files=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_open_files = n;
} else if (strncmp(argv[i], "--db=", 5) == 0) {
FLAGS_db = argv[i] + 5;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--verify_checksum=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_verify_checksum = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--bufferedio=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_use_os_buffer = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--mmap_read=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_use_mmap_reads = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--mmap_write=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_use_mmap_writes = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--statistics=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
if (n == 1) {
dbstats = leveldb::CreateDBStatistics();
FLAGS_statistics = true;
}
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--writes=%lld%c", &ll, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_writes = ll;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--writes_per_second=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_writes_per_second = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--sync=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_sync = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--readwritepercent=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
n > 0 && n < 100) {
FLAGS_readwritepercent = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--deletepercent=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
n > 0 && n < 100) {
FLAGS_deletepercent = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--disable_data_sync=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_disable_data_sync = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--use_fsync=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_use_fsync = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--disable_wal=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_disable_wal = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--use_snapshot=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_use_snapshot = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--get_approx=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_get_approx = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--hdfs=%s", buf) == 1) {
FLAGS_env = new leveldb::HdfsEnv(buf);
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--num_levels=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_num_levels = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--target_file_size_base=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_target_file_size_base = n;
} else if ( sscanf(argv[i], "--target_file_size_multiplier=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_target_file_size_multiplier = n;
} else if (
sscanf(argv[i], "--max_bytes_for_level_base=%ld%c", &l, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_base = l;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--max_bytes_for_level_multiplier=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i],"--level0_stop_writes_trigger=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_level0_stop_writes_trigger = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i],
"--max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional=%s%c",
str, &junk) == 1) {
std::vector<std::string> fanout = leveldb::stringSplit(str, ',');
for (unsigned int j= 0; j < fanout.size(); j++) {
FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional.push_back(
std::stoi(fanout[j]));
}
} else if (sscanf(argv[i],"--level0_slowdown_writes_trigger=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_level0_slowdown_writes_trigger = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i],"--level0_file_num_compaction_trigger=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_level0_file_num_compaction_trigger = n;
} else if (strncmp(argv[i], "--compression_type=", 19) == 0) {
const char* ctype = argv[i] + 19;
if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "none"))
FLAGS_compression_type = leveldb::kNoCompression;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "snappy"))
FLAGS_compression_type = leveldb::kSnappyCompression;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "zlib"))
FLAGS_compression_type = leveldb::kZlibCompression;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "bzip2"))
FLAGS_compression_type = leveldb::kBZip2Compression;
else {
fprintf(stdout, "Cannot parse %s\n", argv[i]);
}
} else if (strncmp(argv[i], "--memtablerep=", 14) == 0) {
const char* ctype = argv[i] + 14;
if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "skip_list"))
FLAGS_rep_factory = kSkipList;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "prefix_hash"))
FLAGS_rep_factory = kPrefixHash;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "unsorted"))
FLAGS_rep_factory = kUnsorted;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "vector"))
FLAGS_rep_factory = kVectorRep;
else {
fprintf(stdout, "Cannot parse %s\n", argv[i]);
}
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--min_level_to_compress=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1
&& n >= 0) {
FLAGS_min_level_to_compress = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--disable_seek_compaction=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1
&& (n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_disable_seek_compaction = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--delete_obsolete_files_period_micros=%ld%c",
&l, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_delete_obsolete_files_period_micros = l;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--stats_interval=%lld%c", &ll, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_stats_interval = ll;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--stats_per_interval=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1
&& (n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_stats_per_interval = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--prefix_size=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
n >= 0 && n < 2000000000) {
FLAGS_prefix_size = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--soft_rate_limit=%lf%c", &d, &junk) == 1 &&
d > 0.0) {
FLAGS_soft_rate_limit = d;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--hard_rate_limit=%lf%c", &d, &junk) == 1 &&
d > 1.0) {
FLAGS_hard_rate_limit = d;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i],
"--rate_limit_delay_max_milliseconds=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1
&& n >= 0) {
FLAGS_rate_limit_delay_max_milliseconds = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--readonly=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n ==1 )) {
FLAGS_read_only = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--max_grandparent_overlap_factor=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_max_grandparent_overlap_factor = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--disable_auto_compactions=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1 && (n == 0 || n ==1)) {
FLAGS_disable_auto_compactions = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--source_compaction_factor=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1 && n > 0) {
FLAGS_source_compaction_factor = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--wal_ttl=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_WAL_ttl_seconds = static_cast<uint64_t>(n);
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--advise_random_on_open=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1
&& (n == 0 || n ==1 )) {
FLAGS_advise_random_on_open = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--compaction_fadvice=%s", buf) == 1) {
if (!strcasecmp(buf, "NONE"))
FLAGS_compaction_fadvice = leveldb::Options::NONE;
else if (!strcasecmp(buf, "NORMAL"))
FLAGS_compaction_fadvice = leveldb::Options::NORMAL;
else if (!strcasecmp(buf, "SEQUENTIAL"))
FLAGS_compaction_fadvice = leveldb::Options::SEQUENTIAL;
else if (!strcasecmp(buf, "WILLNEED"))
FLAGS_compaction_fadvice = leveldb::Options::WILLNEED;
else {
fprintf(stdout, "Unknown compaction fadvice:%s\n", buf);
}
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--use_adaptive_mutex=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1
&& (n == 0 || n ==1 )) {
FLAGS_use_adaptive_mutex = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--use_multiget=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_use_multiget = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--keys_per_multiget=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_keys_per_multiget = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--bytes_per_sync=%ld%c", &l, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_bytes_per_sync = l;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--filter_deletes=%d%c", &n, &junk)
== 1 && (n == 0 || n ==1 )) {
FLAGS_filter_deletes = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--merge_operator=%s", buf) == 1) {
FLAGS_merge_operator = buf;
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid flag '%s'\n", argv[i]);
exit(1);
}
}
// The number of background threads should be at least as much the
// max number of concurrent compactions.
FLAGS_env->SetBackgroundThreads(FLAGS_max_background_compactions);
// Choose a location for the test database if none given with --db=<path>
if (FLAGS_db == nullptr) {
leveldb::Env::Default()->GetTestDirectory(&default_db_path);
default_db_path += "/dbbench";
FLAGS_db = default_db_path.c_str();
}
leveldb::Benchmark benchmark;
benchmark.Run();
return 0;
}
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