Aaron Gao 9e72939029 only FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE when ftruncate is buggy
Summary:
In RocksDB, we sometimes preallocate the estimated space for a file to have better perf with fallocate (if supported). Usually it is a little bit bigger than the real resulting file size. At this time, we have to let the Filesystem reclaim the space not used.

Ideally, calling ftruncate to truncate the file to its real size should be enough. HOWEVER, it isn't on tmpfs, which we witness in our case, with some buggy kernel version. ftruncate a file with preallocated space doesn't change number of the blocks used by the file, which means the space not used by the file is not returned to the filesystems. So in this case we need fallocate with FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE to explicitly reclaim the used blocks. It is a hack to cope with the kernel bug and usually we should not need it.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2102

Differential Revision: D4848934

Pulled By: lightmark

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RocksDB: A Persistent Key-Value Store for Flash and RAM Storage

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RocksDB is developed and maintained by Facebook Database Engineering Team. It is built on earlier work on LevelDB by Sanjay Ghemawat (sanjay@google.com) and Jeff Dean (jeff@google.com)

This code is a library that forms the core building block for a fast key value server, especially suited for storing data on flash drives. It has a Log-Structured-Merge-Database (LSM) design with flexible tradeoffs between Write-Amplification-Factor (WAF), Read-Amplification-Factor (RAF) and Space-Amplification-Factor (SAF). It has multi-threaded compactions, making it specially suitable for storing multiple terabytes of data in a single database.

Start with example usage here: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/tree/master/examples

See the github wiki for more explanation.

The public interface is in include/. Callers should not include or rely on the details of any other header files in this package. Those internal APIs may be changed without warning.

Design discussions are conducted in https://www.facebook.com/groups/rocksdb.dev/

Description
A library that provides an embeddable, persistent key-value store for fast storage.
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