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c1006d4276
rocksdb/db/db_bench.cc
Dhruba Borthakur c1006d4276 An configurable option to write data using write instead of mmap. 
Summary:
We have seen that reading data via the pread call (instead of
mmap) is much faster on Linux 2.6.x kernels. This patch makes
an equivalent option to switch off mmaps for the write path
as well.

db_bench --mmap_write=0 will use write() instead of mmap() to
write data to a file.

This change is backward compatible, the default
option is to continue using mmap for writing to a file.

Test Plan: "make check all"

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D5781
2012-10-03 17:08:13 -07:00

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// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "db/db_impl.h"
#include "db/version_set.h"
#include "db/db_statistics.h"
#include "leveldb/cache.h"
#include "leveldb/db.h"
#include "leveldb/env.h"
#include "leveldb/write_batch.h"
#include "leveldb/statistics.h"
#include "port/port.h"
#include "util/crc32c.h"
#include "util/histogram.h"
#include "util/mutexlock.h"
#include "util/random.h"
#include "util/testutil.h"
#include "hdfs/env_hdfs.h"
// Comma-separated list of operations to run in the specified order
// Actual benchmarks:
// fillseq -- write N values in sequential key order in async mode
// fillrandom -- write N values in random key order in async mode
// overwrite -- overwrite N values in random key order in async mode
// fillsync -- write N/100 values in random key order in sync mode
// fill100K -- write N/1000 100K values in random order in async mode
// deleteseq -- delete N keys in sequential order
// deleterandom -- delete N keys in random order
// readseq -- read N times sequentially
// readreverse -- read N times in reverse order
// readrandom -- read N times in random order
// readmissing -- read N missing keys in random order
// readhot -- read N times in random order from 1% section of DB
// seekrandom -- N random seeks
// crc32c -- repeated crc32c of 4K of data
// acquireload -- load N*1000 times
// Meta operations:
// compact -- Compact the entire DB
// stats -- Print DB stats
// sstables -- Print sstable info
// heapprofile -- Dump a heap profile (if supported by this port)
static const char* FLAGS_benchmarks =
"fillseq,"
"fillsync,"
"fillrandom,"
"overwrite,"
"readrandom,"
"readrandom," // Extra run to allow previous compactions to quiesce
"readseq,"
"readreverse,"
"compact,"
"readrandom,"
"readseq,"
"readreverse,"
"readrandomwriterandom," // mix reads and writes based on FLAGS_readwritepercent
"fill100K,"
"crc32c,"
"snappycomp,"
"snappyuncomp,"
"acquireload,"
;
// Number of key/values to place in database
static long FLAGS_num = 1000000;
// Number of read operations to do. If negative, do FLAGS_num reads.
static long FLAGS_reads = -1;
// Number of concurrent threads to run.
static int FLAGS_threads = 1;
// Size of each value
static int FLAGS_value_size = 100;
// Arrange to generate values that shrink to this fraction of
// their original size after compression
static double FLAGS_compression_ratio = 0.5;
// Print histogram of operation timings
static bool FLAGS_histogram = false;
// Number of bytes to buffer in memtable before compacting
// (initialized to default value by "main")
static int FLAGS_write_buffer_size = 0;
// Number of bytes to use as a cache of uncompressed data.
// Negative means use default settings.
static long FLAGS_cache_size = -1;
// Number of bytes in a block.
static int FLAGS_block_size = 0;
// Maximum number of files to keep open at the same time (use default if == 0)
static int FLAGS_open_files = 0;
// Bloom filter bits per key.
// Negative means use default settings.
static int FLAGS_bloom_bits = -1;
// If true, do not destroy the existing database. If you set this
// flag and also specify a benchmark that wants a fresh database, that
// benchmark will fail.
static bool FLAGS_use_existing_db = false;
// Use the db with the following name.
static const char* FLAGS_db = NULL;
// Number of shards for the block cache is 2 ** FLAGS_cache_numshardbits.
// Negative means use default settings. This is applied only
// if FLAGS_cache_size is non-negative.
static int FLAGS_cache_numshardbits = -1;
// Verify checksum for every block read from storage
static bool FLAGS_verify_checksum = false;
// Database statistics
static bool FLAGS_statistics = false;
static class leveldb::DBStatistics* dbstats = NULL;
// Number of write operations to do. If negative, do FLAGS_num reads.
static long FLAGS_writes = -1;
// These default values might change if the hardcoded
// Sync all writes to disk
static bool FLAGS_sync = false;
// If true, do not wait until data is synced to disk.
static bool FLAGS_disable_data_sync = false;
// If true, issue fsync instead of fdatasync
static bool FLAGS_use_fsync = false;
// If true, do not write WAL for write.
static bool FLAGS_disable_wal = false;
// Target level-0 file size for compaction
static int FLAGS_target_file_size_base = 2 * 1048576;
// A multiplier to compute targe level-N file size
static int FLAGS_target_file_size_multiplier = 1;
// Max bytes for level-0
static int FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_base = 10 * 1048576;
// A multiplier to compute max bytes for level-N
static int FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier = 10;
// Number of files in level-0 that will trigger put stop.
static int FLAGS_level0_stop_writes_trigger = 12;
// Number of files in level-0 that will slow down writes.
static int FLAGS_level0_slowdown_writes_trigger = 8;
// Ratio of reads to writes (expressed as a percentage)
// for the ReadRandomWriteRandom workload. The default
// setting is 9 gets for every 1 put.
static int FLAGS_readwritepercent = 90;
// Option to disable compation triggered by read.
static int FLAGS_disable_seek_compaction = false;
// Algorithm to use to compress the database
static enum leveldb::CompressionType FLAGS_compression_type =
leveldb::kSnappyCompression;
// posix or hdfs environment
static leveldb::Env* FLAGS_env = leveldb::Env::Default();
// Stats are reported every N operations when this is greater
// than zero. When 0 the interval grows over time.
static int FLAGS_stats_interval = 0;
extern bool useOsBuffer;
extern bool useFsReadAhead;
extern bool useMmapRead;
extern bool useMmapWrite;
namespace leveldb {
namespace {
// Helper for quickly generating random data.
class RandomGenerator {
private:
std::string data_;
int pos_;
public:
RandomGenerator() {
// We use a limited amount of data over and over again and ensure
// that it is larger than the compression window (32KB), and also
// large enough to serve all typical value sizes we want to write.
Random rnd(301);
std::string piece;
while (data_.size() < 1048576) {
// Add a short fragment that is as compressible as specified
// by FLAGS_compression_ratio.
test::CompressibleString(&rnd, FLAGS_compression_ratio, 100, &piece);
data_.append(piece);
}
pos_ = 0;
}
Slice Generate(int len) {
if (pos_ + len > data_.size()) {
pos_ = 0;
assert(len < data_.size());
}
pos_ += len;
return Slice(data_.data() + pos_ - len, len);
}
};
static Slice TrimSpace(Slice s) {
int start = 0;
while (start < s.size() && isspace(s[start])) {
start++;
}
int limit = s.size();
while (limit > start && isspace(s[limit-1])) {
limit--;
}
return Slice(s.data() + start, limit - start);
}
static void AppendWithSpace(std::string* str, Slice msg) {
if (msg.empty()) return;
if (!str->empty()) {
str->push_back(' ');
}
str->append(msg.data(), msg.size());
}
class Stats {
private:
int id_;
double start_;
double finish_;
double seconds_;
long done_;
long last_report_done_;
int next_report_;
int64_t bytes_;
double last_op_finish_;
double last_report_finish_;
Histogram hist_;
std::string message_;
public:
Stats() { Start(-1); }
void Start(int id) {
id_ = id;
next_report_ = FLAGS_stats_interval ? FLAGS_stats_interval : 100;
last_op_finish_ = start_;
hist_.Clear();
done_ = 0;
last_report_done_ = 0;
bytes_ = 0;
seconds_ = 0;
start_ = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
finish_ = start_;
last_report_finish_ = start_;
message_.clear();
}
void Merge(const Stats& other) {
hist_.Merge(other.hist_);
done_ += other.done_;
bytes_ += other.bytes_;
seconds_ += other.seconds_;
if (other.start_ < start_) start_ = other.start_;
if (other.finish_ > finish_) finish_ = other.finish_;
// Just keep the messages from one thread
if (message_.empty()) message_ = other.message_;
}
void Stop() {
finish_ = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
seconds_ = (finish_ - start_) * 1e-6;
}
void AddMessage(Slice msg) {
AppendWithSpace(&message_, msg);
}
void SetId(int id) { id_ = id; }
void FinishedSingleOp() {
if (FLAGS_histogram) {
double now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
double micros = now - last_op_finish_;
hist_.Add(micros);
if (micros > 20000 && !FLAGS_stats_interval) {
fprintf(stderr, "long op: %.1f micros%30s\r", micros, "");
fflush(stderr);
}
last_op_finish_ = now;
}
done_++;
if (done_ >= next_report_) {
if (!FLAGS_stats_interval) {
if (next_report_ < 1000) next_report_ += 100;
else if (next_report_ < 5000) next_report_ += 500;
else if (next_report_ < 10000) next_report_ += 1000;
else if (next_report_ < 50000) next_report_ += 5000;
else if (next_report_ < 100000) next_report_ += 10000;
else if (next_report_ < 500000) next_report_ += 50000;
else next_report_ += 100000;
fprintf(stderr, "... finished %ld ops%30s\r", done_, "");
fflush(stderr);
} else {
double now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
fprintf(stderr,
"... thread %d: %ld ops in %.6f seconds and %.2f ops/sec\n",
id_,
done_ - last_report_done_,
(now - last_report_finish_) / 1000000.0,
(done_ - last_report_done_) /
((now - last_report_finish_) / 1000000.0));
fflush(stderr);
next_report_ += FLAGS_stats_interval;
last_report_finish_ = now;
last_report_done_ = done_;
}
}
}
void AddBytes(int64_t n) {
bytes_ += n;
}
void Report(const Slice& name) {
// Pretend at least one op was done in case we are running a benchmark
// that does not call FinishedSingleOp().
if (done_ < 1) done_ = 1;
std::string extra;
if (bytes_ > 0) {
// Rate is computed on actual elapsed time, not the sum of per-thread
// elapsed times.
double elapsed = (finish_ - start_) * 1e-6;
char rate[100];
snprintf(rate, sizeof(rate), "%6.1f MB/s",
(bytes_ / 1048576.0) / elapsed);
extra = rate;
}
AppendWithSpace(&extra, message_);
double elapsed = (finish_ - start_) * 1e-6;
double throughput = (double)done_/elapsed;
fprintf(stdout, "%-12s : %11.3f micros/op %ld ops/sec;%s%s\n",
name.ToString().c_str(),
seconds_ * 1e6 / done_,
(long)throughput,
(extra.empty() ? "" : " "),
extra.c_str());
if (FLAGS_histogram) {
fprintf(stdout, "Microseconds per op:\n%s\n", hist_.ToString().c_str());
}
fflush(stdout);
}
};
// State shared by all concurrent executions of the same benchmark.
struct SharedState {
port::Mutex mu;
port::CondVar cv;
int total;
// Each thread goes through the following states:
// (1) initializing
// (2) waiting for others to be initialized
// (3) running
// (4) done
long num_initialized;
long num_done;
bool start;
SharedState() : cv(&mu) { }
};
// Per-thread state for concurrent executions of the same benchmark.
struct ThreadState {
int tid; // 0..n-1 when running in n threads
Random rand; // Has different seeds for different threads
Stats stats;
SharedState* shared;
ThreadState(int index)
: tid(index),
rand(1000 + index) {
}
};
} // namespace
class Benchmark {
private:
Cache* cache_;
const FilterPolicy* filter_policy_;
DB* db_;
long num_;
int value_size_;
int entries_per_batch_;
WriteOptions write_options_;
long reads_;
long writes_;
long readwrites_;
int heap_counter_;
void PrintHeader() {
const int kKeySize = 16;
PrintEnvironment();
fprintf(stdout, "Keys: %d bytes each\n", kKeySize);
fprintf(stdout, "Values: %d bytes each (%d bytes after compression)\n",
FLAGS_value_size,
static_cast<int>(FLAGS_value_size * FLAGS_compression_ratio + 0.5));
fprintf(stdout, "Entries: %ld\n", num_);
fprintf(stdout, "RawSize: %.1f MB (estimated)\n",
((static_cast<int64_t>(kKeySize + FLAGS_value_size) * num_)
/ 1048576.0));
fprintf(stdout, "FileSize: %.1f MB (estimated)\n",
(((kKeySize + FLAGS_value_size * FLAGS_compression_ratio) * num_)
/ 1048576.0));
switch (FLAGS_compression_type) {
case leveldb::kNoCompression:
fprintf(stdout, "Compression: none\n");
break;
case leveldb::kSnappyCompression:
fprintf(stdout, "Compression: snappy\n");
break;
case leveldb::kZlibCompression:
fprintf(stdout, "Compression: zlib\n");
break;
case leveldb::kBZip2Compression:
fprintf(stdout, "Compression: bzip2\n");
break;
}
PrintWarnings();
fprintf(stdout, "------------------------------------------------\n");
}
void PrintWarnings() {
#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__OPTIMIZE__)
fprintf(stdout,
"WARNING: Optimization is disabled: benchmarks unnecessarily slow\n"
);
#endif
#ifndef NDEBUG
fprintf(stdout,
"WARNING: Assertions are enabled; benchmarks unnecessarily slow\n");
#endif
if (FLAGS_compression_type != leveldb::kNoCompression) {
// The test string should not be too small.
const int len = FLAGS_block_size;
char* text = (char*) malloc(len+1);
bool result = true;
const char* name = NULL;
std::string compressed;
memset(text, (int) 'y', len);
text[len] = '\0';
switch (FLAGS_compression_type) {
case kSnappyCompression:
result = port::Snappy_Compress(text, strlen(text), &compressed);
name = "Snappy";
break;
case kZlibCompression:
result = port::Zlib_Compress(text, strlen(text), &compressed);
name = "Zlib";
break;
case kBZip2Compression:
result = port::BZip2_Compress(text, strlen(text), &compressed);
name = "BZip2";
break;
}
if (!result) {
fprintf(stdout, "WARNING: %s compression is not enabled\n", name);
} else if (name && compressed.size() >= strlen(text)) {
fprintf(stdout, "WARNING: %s compression is not effective\n", name);
}
free(text);
}
}
void PrintEnvironment() {
fprintf(stderr, "LevelDB: version %d.%d\n",
kMajorVersion, kMinorVersion);
#if defined(__linux)
time_t now = time(NULL);
fprintf(stderr, "Date: %s", ctime(&now)); // ctime() adds newline
FILE* cpuinfo = fopen("/proc/cpuinfo", "r");
if (cpuinfo != NULL) {
char line[1000];
int num_cpus = 0;
std::string cpu_type;
std::string cache_size;
while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), cpuinfo) != NULL) {
const char* sep = strchr(line, ':');
if (sep == NULL) {
continue;
}
Slice key = TrimSpace(Slice(line, sep - 1 - line));
Slice val = TrimSpace(Slice(sep + 1));
if (key == "model name") {
++num_cpus;
cpu_type = val.ToString();
} else if (key == "cache size") {
cache_size = val.ToString();
}
}
fclose(cpuinfo);
fprintf(stderr, "CPU: %d * %s\n", num_cpus, cpu_type.c_str());
fprintf(stderr, "CPUCache: %s\n", cache_size.c_str());
}
#endif
}
void PrintStatistics() {
if (FLAGS_statistics) {
fprintf(stdout, "File opened:%ld closed:%ld errors:%ld\n",
dbstats->getNumFileOpens(),
dbstats->getNumFileCloses(),
dbstats->getNumFileErrors());
}
}
public:
Benchmark()
: cache_(FLAGS_cache_size >= 0 ?
(FLAGS_cache_numshardbits >= 1 ?
NewLRUCache(FLAGS_cache_size, FLAGS_cache_numshardbits) :
NewLRUCache(FLAGS_cache_size)) : NULL),
filter_policy_(FLAGS_bloom_bits >= 0
? NewBloomFilterPolicy(FLAGS_bloom_bits)
: NULL),
db_(NULL),
num_(FLAGS_num),
value_size_(FLAGS_value_size),
entries_per_batch_(1),
reads_(FLAGS_reads < 0 ? FLAGS_num : FLAGS_reads),
writes_(FLAGS_writes < 0 ? FLAGS_num : FLAGS_writes),
readwrites_((FLAGS_writes < 0 && FLAGS_reads < 0)? FLAGS_num :
((FLAGS_writes > FLAGS_reads) ? FLAGS_writes : FLAGS_reads)
),
heap_counter_(0) {
std::vector<std::string> files;
FLAGS_env->GetChildren(FLAGS_db, &files);
for (int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
if (Slice(files[i]).starts_with("heap-")) {
FLAGS_env->DeleteFile(std::string(FLAGS_db) + "/" + files[i]);
}
}
if (!FLAGS_use_existing_db) {
DestroyDB(FLAGS_db, Options());
}
}
~Benchmark() {
delete db_;
delete cache_;
delete filter_policy_;
}
void Run() {
PrintHeader();
Open();
const char* benchmarks = FLAGS_benchmarks;
while (benchmarks != NULL) {
const char* sep = strchr(benchmarks, ',');
Slice name;
if (sep == NULL) {
name = benchmarks;
benchmarks = NULL;
} else {
name = Slice(benchmarks, sep - benchmarks);
benchmarks = sep + 1;
}
// Reset parameters that may be overriddden bwlow
num_ = FLAGS_num;
reads_ = (FLAGS_reads < 0 ? FLAGS_num : FLAGS_reads);
writes_ = (FLAGS_writes < 0 ? FLAGS_num : FLAGS_writes);
value_size_ = FLAGS_value_size;
entries_per_batch_ = 1;
write_options_ = WriteOptions();
if (FLAGS_sync) {
write_options_.sync = true;
}
write_options_.disableWAL = FLAGS_disable_wal;
void (Benchmark::*method)(ThreadState*) = NULL;
bool fresh_db = false;
int num_threads = FLAGS_threads;
if (name == Slice("fillseq")) {
fresh_db = true;
method = &Benchmark::WriteSeq;
} else if (name == Slice("fillbatch")) {
fresh_db = true;
entries_per_batch_ = 1000;
method = &Benchmark::WriteSeq;
} else if (name == Slice("fillrandom")) {
fresh_db = true;
method = &Benchmark::WriteRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("overwrite")) {
fresh_db = false;
method = &Benchmark::WriteRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("fillsync")) {
fresh_db = true;
num_ /= 1000;
write_options_.sync = true;
method = &Benchmark::WriteRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("fill100K")) {
fresh_db = true;
num_ /= 1000;
value_size_ = 100 * 1000;
method = &Benchmark::WriteRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("readseq")) {
method = &Benchmark::ReadSequential;
} else if (name == Slice("readreverse")) {
method = &Benchmark::ReadReverse;
} else if (name == Slice("readrandom")) {
method = &Benchmark::ReadRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("readmissing")) {
method = &Benchmark::ReadMissing;
} else if (name == Slice("seekrandom")) {
method = &Benchmark::SeekRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("readhot")) {
method = &Benchmark::ReadHot;
} else if (name == Slice("readrandomsmall")) {
reads_ /= 1000;
method = &Benchmark::ReadRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("deleteseq")) {
method = &Benchmark::DeleteSeq;
} else if (name == Slice("deleterandom")) {
method = &Benchmark::DeleteRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("readwhilewriting")) {
num_threads++; // Add extra thread for writing
method = &Benchmark::ReadWhileWriting;
} else if (name == Slice("readrandomwriterandom")) {
method = &Benchmark::ReadRandomWriteRandom;
} else if (name == Slice("compact")) {
method = &Benchmark::Compact;
} else if (name == Slice("crc32c")) {
method = &Benchmark::Crc32c;
} else if (name == Slice("acquireload")) {
method = &Benchmark::AcquireLoad;
} else if (name == Slice("snappycomp")) {
method = &Benchmark::SnappyCompress;
} else if (name == Slice("snappyuncomp")) {
method = &Benchmark::SnappyUncompress;
} else if (name == Slice("heapprofile")) {
HeapProfile();
} else if (name == Slice("stats")) {
PrintStats("leveldb.stats");
} else if (name == Slice("sstables")) {
PrintStats("leveldb.sstables");
} else {
if (name != Slice()) { // No error message for empty name
fprintf(stderr, "unknown benchmark '%s'\n", name.ToString().c_str());
}
}
if (fresh_db) {
if (FLAGS_use_existing_db) {
fprintf(stdout, "%-12s : skipped (--use_existing_db is true)\n",
name.ToString().c_str());
method = NULL;
} else {
delete db_;
db_ = NULL;
DestroyDB(FLAGS_db, Options());
Open();
}
}
if (method != NULL) {
RunBenchmark(num_threads, name, method);
}
}
PrintStatistics();
}
private:
struct ThreadArg {
Benchmark* bm;
SharedState* shared;
ThreadState* thread;
void (Benchmark::*method)(ThreadState*);
};
static void ThreadBody(void* v) {
ThreadArg* arg = reinterpret_cast<ThreadArg*>(v);
SharedState* shared = arg->shared;
ThreadState* thread = arg->thread;
{
MutexLock l(&shared->mu);
shared->num_initialized++;
if (shared->num_initialized >= shared->total) {
shared->cv.SignalAll();
}
while (!shared->start) {
shared->cv.Wait();
}
}
thread->stats.Start(thread->tid);
(arg->bm->*(arg->method))(thread);
thread->stats.Stop();
{
MutexLock l(&shared->mu);
shared->num_done++;
if (shared->num_done >= shared->total) {
shared->cv.SignalAll();
}
}
}
void RunBenchmark(int n, Slice name,
void (Benchmark::*method)(ThreadState*)) {
SharedState shared;
shared.total = n;
shared.num_initialized = 0;
shared.num_done = 0;
shared.start = false;
ThreadArg* arg = new ThreadArg[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arg[i].bm = this;
arg[i].method = method;
arg[i].shared = &shared;
arg[i].thread = new ThreadState(i);
arg[i].thread->shared = &shared;
FLAGS_env->StartThread(ThreadBody, &arg[i]);
}
shared.mu.Lock();
while (shared.num_initialized < n) {
shared.cv.Wait();
}
shared.start = true;
shared.cv.SignalAll();
while (shared.num_done < n) {
shared.cv.Wait();
}
shared.mu.Unlock();
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
arg[0].thread->stats.Merge(arg[i].thread->stats);
}
arg[0].thread->stats.Report(name);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
delete arg[i].thread;
}
delete[] arg;
}
void Crc32c(ThreadState* thread) {
// Checksum about 500MB of data total
const int size = 4096;
const char* label = "(4K per op)";
std::string data(size, 'x');
int64_t bytes = 0;
uint32_t crc = 0;
while (bytes < 500 * 1048576) {
crc = crc32c::Value(data.data(), size);
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp();
bytes += size;
}
// Print so result is not dead
fprintf(stderr, "... crc=0x%x\r", static_cast<unsigned int>(crc));
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
thread->stats.AddMessage(label);
}
void AcquireLoad(ThreadState* thread) {
int dummy;
port::AtomicPointer ap(&dummy);
int count = 0;
void *ptr = NULL;
thread->stats.AddMessage("(each op is 1000 loads)");
while (count < 100000) {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
ptr = ap.Acquire_Load();
}
count++;
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp();
}
if (ptr == NULL) exit(1); // Disable unused variable warning.
}
void SnappyCompress(ThreadState* thread) {
RandomGenerator gen;
Slice input = gen.Generate(Options().block_size);
int64_t bytes = 0;
int64_t produced = 0;
bool ok = true;
std::string compressed;
while (ok && bytes < 1024 * 1048576) { // Compress 1G
ok = port::Snappy_Compress(input.data(), input.size(), &compressed);
produced += compressed.size();
bytes += input.size();
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp();
}
if (!ok) {
thread->stats.AddMessage("(snappy failure)");
} else {
char buf[100];
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "(output: %.1f%%)",
(produced * 100.0) / bytes);
thread->stats.AddMessage(buf);
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
}
}
void SnappyUncompress(ThreadState* thread) {
RandomGenerator gen;
Slice input = gen.Generate(Options().block_size);
std::string compressed;
bool ok = port::Snappy_Compress(input.data(), input.size(), &compressed);
int64_t bytes = 0;
char* uncompressed = new char[input.size()];
while (ok && bytes < 1024 * 1048576) { // Compress 1G
ok = port::Snappy_Uncompress(compressed.data(), compressed.size(),
uncompressed);
bytes += input.size();
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp();
}
delete[] uncompressed;
if (!ok) {
thread->stats.AddMessage("(snappy failure)");
} else {
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
}
}
void Open() {
assert(db_ == NULL);
Options options;
options.create_if_missing = !FLAGS_use_existing_db;
options.block_cache = cache_;
options.write_buffer_size = FLAGS_write_buffer_size;
options.block_size = FLAGS_block_size;
options.filter_policy = filter_policy_;
options.max_open_files = FLAGS_open_files;
options.statistics = dbstats;
options.env = FLAGS_env;
options.disableDataSync = FLAGS_disable_data_sync;
options.use_fsync = FLAGS_use_fsync;
options.target_file_size_base = FLAGS_target_file_size_base;
options.target_file_size_multiplier = FLAGS_target_file_size_multiplier;
options.max_bytes_for_level_base = FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_base;
options.max_bytes_for_level_multiplier =
FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier;
options.level0_stop_writes_trigger = FLAGS_level0_stop_writes_trigger;
options.level0_slowdown_writes_trigger =
FLAGS_level0_slowdown_writes_trigger;
options.compression = FLAGS_compression_type;
options.disable_seek_compaction = FLAGS_disable_seek_compaction;
Status s = DB::Open(options, FLAGS_db, &db_);
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "open error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
}
void WriteSeq(ThreadState* thread) {
DoWrite(thread, true);
}
void WriteRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
DoWrite(thread, false);
}
void DoWrite(ThreadState* thread, bool seq) {
if (num_ != FLAGS_num) {
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "(%ld ops)", num_);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
RandomGenerator gen;
WriteBatch batch;
Status s;
int64_t bytes = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < writes_; i += entries_per_batch_) {
batch.Clear();
for (int j = 0; j < entries_per_batch_; j++) {
const int k = seq ? i+j : (thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num);
char key[100];
snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "%016d", k);
batch.Put(key, gen.Generate(value_size_));
bytes += value_size_ + strlen(key);
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp();
}
s = db_->Write(write_options_, &batch);
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "put error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
}
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
}
void ReadSequential(ThreadState* thread) {
Iterator* iter = db_->NewIterator(ReadOptions(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true));
long i = 0;
int64_t bytes = 0;
for (iter->SeekToFirst(); i < reads_ && iter->Valid(); iter->Next()) {
bytes += iter->key().size() + iter->value().size();
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp();
++i;
}
delete iter;
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
}
void ReadReverse(ThreadState* thread) {
Iterator* iter = db_->NewIterator(ReadOptions(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true));
long i = 0;
int64_t bytes = 0;
for (iter->SeekToLast(); i < reads_ && iter->Valid(); iter->Prev()) {
bytes += iter->key().size() + iter->value().size();
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp();
++i;
}
delete iter;
thread->stats.AddBytes(bytes);
}
void ReadRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
std::string value;
long found = 0;
for (long i = 0; i < reads_; i++) {
char key[100];
const int k = thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num;
snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "%016d", k);
if (db_->Get(options, key, &value).ok()) {
found++;
}
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp();
}
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "(%ld of %ld found)", found, num_);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
void ReadMissing(ThreadState* thread) {
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
std::string value;
for (long i = 0; i < reads_; i++) {
char key[100];
const int k = thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num;
snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "%016d.", k);
db_->Get(options, key, &value);
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp();
}
}
void ReadHot(ThreadState* thread) {
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
std::string value;
const long range = (FLAGS_num + 99) / 100;
for (long i = 0; i < reads_; i++) {
char key[100];
const int k = thread->rand.Next() % range;
snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "%016d", k);
db_->Get(options, key, &value);
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp();
}
}
void SeekRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
std::string value;
long found = 0;
for (long i = 0; i < reads_; i++) {
Iterator* iter = db_->NewIterator(options);
char key[100];
const int k = thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num;
snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "%016d", k);
iter->Seek(key);
if (iter->Valid() && iter->key() == key) found++;
delete iter;
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp();
}
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "(%ld of %ld found)", found, num_);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
void DoDelete(ThreadState* thread, bool seq) {
RandomGenerator gen;
WriteBatch batch;
Status s;
for (int i = 0; i < num_; i += entries_per_batch_) {
batch.Clear();
for (int j = 0; j < entries_per_batch_; j++) {
const int k = seq ? i+j : (thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num);
char key[100];
snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "%016d", k);
batch.Delete(key);
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp();
}
s = db_->Write(write_options_, &batch);
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "del error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
}
}
void DeleteSeq(ThreadState* thread) {
DoDelete(thread, true);
}
void DeleteRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
DoDelete(thread, false);
}
void ReadWhileWriting(ThreadState* thread) {
if (thread->tid > 0) {
ReadRandom(thread);
} else {
// Special thread that keeps writing until other threads are done.
RandomGenerator gen;
while (true) {
{
MutexLock l(&thread->shared->mu);
if (thread->shared->num_done + 1 >= thread->shared->num_initialized) {
// Other threads have finished
break;
}
}
const int k = thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num;
char key[100];
snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "%016d", k);
Status s = db_->Put(write_options_, key, gen.Generate(value_size_));
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "put error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
}
// Do not count any of the preceding work/delay in stats.
thread->stats.Start(thread->tid);
}
}
//
// This is diffferent from ReadWhileWriting because it does not use
// an extra thread.
//
void ReadRandomWriteRandom(ThreadState* thread) {
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
RandomGenerator gen;
std::string value;
long found = 0;
int get_weight = 0;
int put_weight = 0;
long reads_done = 0;
long writes_done = 0;
// the number of iterations is the larger of read_ or write_
for (long i = 0; i < readwrites_; i++) {
char key[100];
const int k = thread->rand.Next() % FLAGS_num;
snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "%016d", k);
if (get_weight == 0 && put_weight == 0) {
// one batch complated, reinitialize for next batch
get_weight = FLAGS_readwritepercent;
put_weight = 100 - get_weight;
}
if (get_weight > 0) {
// do all the gets first
if (db_->Get(options, key, &value).ok()) {
found++;
}
get_weight--;
reads_done++;
} else if (put_weight > 0) {
// then do all the corresponding number of puts
// for all the gets we have done earlier
Status s = db_->Put(write_options_, key, gen.Generate(value_size_));
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "put error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
put_weight--;
writes_done++;
}
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp();
}
char msg[100];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "( reads:%ld writes:%ld total:%ld )",
reads_done, writes_done, readwrites_);
thread->stats.AddMessage(msg);
}
void Compact(ThreadState* thread) {
db_->CompactRange(NULL, NULL);
}
void PrintStats(const char* key) {
std::string stats;
if (!db_->GetProperty(key, &stats)) {
stats = "(failed)";
}
fprintf(stdout, "\n%s\n", stats.c_str());
}
static void WriteToFile(void* arg, const char* buf, int n) {
reinterpret_cast<WritableFile*>(arg)->Append(Slice(buf, n));
}
void HeapProfile() {
char fname[100];
snprintf(fname, sizeof(fname), "%s/heap-%04d", FLAGS_db, ++heap_counter_);
WritableFile* file;
Status s = FLAGS_env->NewWritableFile(fname, &file);
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
return;
}
bool ok = port::GetHeapProfile(WriteToFile, file);
delete file;
if (!ok) {
fprintf(stderr, "heap profiling not supported\n");
FLAGS_env->DeleteFile(fname);
}
}
};
} // namespace leveldb
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
FLAGS_write_buffer_size = leveldb::Options().write_buffer_size;
FLAGS_open_files = leveldb::Options().max_open_files;
// Compression test code above refers to FLAGS_block_size
FLAGS_block_size = leveldb::Options().block_size;
std::string default_db_path;
for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
double d;
int n;
long l;
char junk;
char hdfsname[2048];
if (leveldb::Slice(argv[i]).starts_with("--benchmarks=")) {
FLAGS_benchmarks = argv[i] + strlen("--benchmarks=");
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--compression_ratio=%lf%c", &d, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_compression_ratio = d;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--histogram=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_histogram = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--use_existing_db=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_use_existing_db = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--num=%ld%c", &l, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_num = l;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--reads=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_reads = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--threads=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_threads = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--value_size=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_value_size = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--write_buffer_size=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_write_buffer_size = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--cache_size=%ld%c", &l, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_cache_size = l;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--block_size=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_block_size = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--cache_numshardbits=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
if (n < 20) {
FLAGS_cache_numshardbits = n;
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "The cache cannot be sharded into 2**%d pieces\n", n);
exit(1);
}
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--bloom_bits=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_bloom_bits = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--open_files=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_open_files = n;
} else if (strncmp(argv[i], "--db=", 5) == 0) {
FLAGS_db = argv[i] + 5;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--verify_checksum=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_verify_checksum = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--bufferedio=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
useOsBuffer = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--mmap_read=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
useMmapRead = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--mmap_write=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
useMmapWrite = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--readahead=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
useFsReadAhead = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--statistics=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
if (n == 1) {
dbstats = new leveldb::DBStatistics();
FLAGS_statistics = true;
}
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--writes=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_writes = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--sync=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_sync = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--readwritepercent=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
n > 0 && n < 100) {
FLAGS_readwritepercent = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--disable_data_sync=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_disable_data_sync = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--use_fsync=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_use_fsync = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--disable_wal=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_disable_wal = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--hdfs=%s", hdfsname) == 1) {
FLAGS_env = new leveldb::HdfsEnv(hdfsname);
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--target_file_size_base=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_target_file_size_base = n;
} else if ( sscanf(argv[i], "--target_file_size_multiplier=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_target_file_size_multiplier = n;
} else if (
sscanf(argv[i], "--max_bytes_for_level_base=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_base = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--max_bytes_for_level_multiplier=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i],"--level0_stop_writes_trigger=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_level0_stop_writes_trigger = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i],"--level0_slowdown_writes_trigger=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_level0_slowdown_writes_trigger = n;
} else if (strncmp(argv[i], "--compression_type=", 19) == 0) {
const char* ctype = argv[i] + 19;
if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "none"))
FLAGS_compression_type = leveldb::kNoCompression;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "snappy"))
FLAGS_compression_type = leveldb::kSnappyCompression;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "zlib"))
FLAGS_compression_type = leveldb::kZlibCompression;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "bzip2"))
FLAGS_compression_type = leveldb::kBZip2Compression;
else {
fprintf(stdout, "Cannot parse %s\n", argv[i]);
}
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--disable_seek_compaction=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1
&& (n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_disable_seek_compaction = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--stats_interval=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
n >= 0 && n < 2000000000) {
FLAGS_stats_interval = n;
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid flag '%s'\n", argv[i]);
exit(1);
}
}
// Choose a location for the test database if none given with --db=<path>
if (FLAGS_db == NULL) {
leveldb::Env::Default()->GetTestDirectory(&default_db_path);
default_db_path += "/dbbench";
FLAGS_db = default_db_path.c_str();
}
leveldb::Benchmark benchmark;
benchmark.Run();
return 0;
}
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