ef7815b803
Summary: Fixes #3391. This change adds a `DeleteRange` method to `SstFileWriter` and adds support for ingesting SSTs with range deletion tombstones. This is important for applications that need to atomically ingest SSTs while clearing out any existing keys in a given key range. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3778 Differential Revision: D8821836 Pulled By: anand1976 fbshipit-source-id: ca7786c1947ff129afa703dab011d524c7883844
618 lines
21 KiB
C++
618 lines
21 KiB
C++
// Copyright (c) 2016-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
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// This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
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// COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
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// (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
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#include "db/range_del_aggregator.h"
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#include "util/heap.h"
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#include <algorithm>
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namespace rocksdb {
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struct TombstoneStartKeyComparator {
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TombstoneStartKeyComparator(const Comparator* c) : cmp(c) {}
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bool operator()(const RangeTombstone& a, const RangeTombstone& b) const {
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return cmp->Compare(a.start_key_, b.start_key_) < 0;
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}
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const Comparator* cmp;
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};
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// An UncollapsedRangeDelMap is quick to create but slow to answer ShouldDelete
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// queries.
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class UncollapsedRangeDelMap : public RangeDelMap {
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typedef std::multiset<RangeTombstone, TombstoneStartKeyComparator> Rep;
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class Iterator : public RangeDelIterator {
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const Rep& rep_;
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Rep::const_iterator iter_;
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public:
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Iterator(const Rep& rep) : rep_(rep), iter_(rep.begin()) {}
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bool Valid() const override { return iter_ != rep_.end(); }
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void Next() override { iter_++; }
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void Seek(const Slice&) override {
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fprintf(stderr, "UncollapsedRangeDelMap::Iterator::Seek unimplemented\n");
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abort();
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}
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RangeTombstone Tombstone() const override { return *iter_; }
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};
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Rep rep_;
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const Comparator* ucmp_;
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public:
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UncollapsedRangeDelMap(const Comparator* ucmp)
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: rep_(TombstoneStartKeyComparator(ucmp)), ucmp_(ucmp) {}
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bool ShouldDelete(const ParsedInternalKey& parsed,
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RangeDelPositioningMode mode) {
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(void)mode;
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assert(mode == RangeDelPositioningMode::kFullScan);
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for (const auto& tombstone : rep_) {
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if (ucmp_->Compare(parsed.user_key, tombstone.start_key_) < 0) {
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break;
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}
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if (parsed.sequence < tombstone.seq_ &&
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ucmp_->Compare(parsed.user_key, tombstone.end_key_) < 0) {
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return true;
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}
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}
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return false;
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}
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bool IsRangeOverlapped(const Slice& start, const Slice& end) {
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for (const auto& tombstone : rep_) {
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if (ucmp_->Compare(start, tombstone.end_key_) < 0 &&
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ucmp_->Compare(tombstone.start_key_, end) <= 0 &&
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ucmp_->Compare(tombstone.start_key_, tombstone.end_key_) < 0) {
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return true;
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}
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}
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return false;
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}
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void AddTombstone(RangeTombstone tombstone) { rep_.emplace(tombstone); }
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size_t Size() const { return rep_.size(); }
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void InvalidatePosition() {} // no-op
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std::unique_ptr<RangeDelIterator> NewIterator() {
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return std::unique_ptr<RangeDelIterator>(new Iterator(this->rep_));
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}
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};
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// A CollapsedRangeDelMap is slow to create but quick to answer ShouldDelete
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// queries.
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//
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// An explanation of the design follows. Suppose we have tombstones [b, n) @ 1,
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// [e, h) @ 2, [q, t) @ 2, and [g, k) @ 3. Visually, the tombstones look like
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// this:
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//
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// 3: g---k
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// 2: e---h q--t
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// 1: b------------n
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//
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// The CollapsedRangeDelMap representation is based on the observation that
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// wherever tombstones overlap, we need only store the tombstone with the
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// largest seqno. From the perspective of a read at seqno 4 or greater, this set
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// of tombstones is exactly equivalent:
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//
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// 3: g---k
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// 2: e--g q--t
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// 1: b--e k--n
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//
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// Because these tombstones do not overlap, they can be efficiently represented
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// in an ordered map from keys to sequence numbers. Each entry should be thought
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// of as a transition from one tombstone to the next. In this example, the
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// CollapsedRangeDelMap would store the following entries, in order:
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//
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// b → 1, e → 2, g → 3, k → 1, n → 0, q → 2, t → 0
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//
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// If a tombstone ends before the next tombstone begins, a sentinel seqno of 0
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// is installed to indicate that no tombstone exists. This occurs at keys n and
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// t in the example above.
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//
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// To check whether a key K is covered by a tombstone, the map is binary
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// searched for the last key less than K. K is covered iff the map entry has a
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// larger seqno than K. As an example, consider the key h @ 4. It would be
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// compared against the map entry g → 3 and determined to be uncovered. By
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// contrast, the key h @ 2 would be determined to be covered.
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class CollapsedRangeDelMap : public RangeDelMap {
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typedef std::map<Slice, SequenceNumber, stl_wrappers::LessOfComparator> Rep;
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class Iterator : public RangeDelIterator {
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void MaybeSeekPastSentinel() {
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if (Valid() && iter_->second == 0) {
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iter_++;
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}
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}
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const Rep& rep_;
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Rep::const_iterator iter_;
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public:
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Iterator(const Rep& rep) : rep_(rep), iter_(rep.begin()) {}
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bool Valid() const override { return iter_ != rep_.end(); }
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void Next() override {
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iter_++;
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MaybeSeekPastSentinel();
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}
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void Seek(const Slice& target) override {
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iter_ = rep_.upper_bound(target);
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if (iter_ != rep_.begin()) {
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iter_--;
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}
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MaybeSeekPastSentinel();
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}
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RangeTombstone Tombstone() const override {
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RangeTombstone tombstone;
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tombstone.start_key_ = iter_->first;
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tombstone.end_key_ = std::next(iter_)->first;
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tombstone.seq_ = iter_->second;
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return tombstone;
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}
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};
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Rep rep_;
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Rep::iterator iter_;
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const Comparator* ucmp_;
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public:
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CollapsedRangeDelMap(const Comparator* ucmp) : ucmp_(ucmp) {
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InvalidatePosition();
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}
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bool ShouldDelete(const ParsedInternalKey& parsed,
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RangeDelPositioningMode mode) {
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if (iter_ == rep_.end() &&
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(mode == RangeDelPositioningMode::kForwardTraversal ||
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mode == RangeDelPositioningMode::kBackwardTraversal)) {
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// invalid (e.g., if AddTombstones() changed the deletions), so need to
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// reseek
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mode = RangeDelPositioningMode::kBinarySearch;
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}
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switch (mode) {
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case RangeDelPositioningMode::kFullScan:
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assert(false);
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case RangeDelPositioningMode::kForwardTraversal:
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assert(iter_ != rep_.end());
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if (iter_ == rep_.begin() &&
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ucmp_->Compare(parsed.user_key, iter_->first) < 0) {
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// before start of deletion intervals
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return false;
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}
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while (std::next(iter_) != rep_.end() &&
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ucmp_->Compare(std::next(iter_)->first, parsed.user_key) <= 0) {
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++iter_;
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}
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break;
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case RangeDelPositioningMode::kBackwardTraversal:
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assert(iter_ != rep_.end());
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while (iter_ != rep_.begin() &&
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ucmp_->Compare(parsed.user_key, iter_->first) < 0) {
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--iter_;
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}
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if (iter_ == rep_.begin() &&
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ucmp_->Compare(parsed.user_key, iter_->first) < 0) {
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// before start of deletion intervals
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return false;
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}
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break;
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case RangeDelPositioningMode::kBinarySearch:
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iter_ = rep_.upper_bound(parsed.user_key);
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if (iter_ == rep_.begin()) {
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// before start of deletion intervals
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return false;
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}
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--iter_;
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break;
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}
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assert(iter_ != rep_.end() &&
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ucmp_->Compare(iter_->first, parsed.user_key) <= 0);
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assert(std::next(iter_) == rep_.end() ||
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ucmp_->Compare(parsed.user_key, std::next(iter_)->first) < 0);
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return parsed.sequence < iter_->second;
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}
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bool IsRangeOverlapped(const Slice&, const Slice&) {
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// Unimplemented because the only client of this method, file ingestion,
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// uses uncollapsed maps.
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fprintf(stderr, "CollapsedRangeDelMap::IsRangeOverlapped unimplemented");
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abort();
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}
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void AddTombstone(RangeTombstone t) {
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if (ucmp_->Compare(t.start_key_, t.end_key_) >= 0) {
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// The tombstone covers no keys. Nothing to do.
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return;
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}
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auto it = rep_.upper_bound(t.start_key_);
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auto prev_seq = [&]() {
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return it == rep_.begin() ? 0 : std::prev(it)->second;
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};
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// end_seq stores the seqno of the last transition that the new tombstone
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// covered. This is the seqno that we'll install if we need to insert a
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// transition for the new tombstone's end key.
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SequenceNumber end_seq = 0;
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// In the diagrams below, the new tombstone is always [c, k) @ 2. The
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// existing tombstones are varied to depict different scenarios. Uppercase
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// letters are used to indicate points that exist in the map, while
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// lowercase letters are used to indicate points that do not exist in the
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// map. The location of the iterator is marked with a caret; it may point
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// off the end of the diagram to indicate that it is positioned at a
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// entry with a larger key whose specific key is irrelevant.
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if (t.seq_ > prev_seq()) {
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// The new tombstone's start point covers the existing tombstone:
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//
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// 3: 3: A--C 3: 3:
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// 2: c--- OR 2: c--- OR 2: c--- OR 2: c------
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// 1: A--C 1: 1: A------ 1: C------
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// ^ ^ ^ ^
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// Insert a new transition at the new tombstone's start point, or raise
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// the existing transition at that point to the new tombstone's seqno.
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end_seq = prev_seq();
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rep_[t.start_key_] = t.seq_; // operator[] will overwrite existing entry
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} else {
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// The new tombstone's start point is covered by an existing tombstone:
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//
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// 3: A----- OR 3: C------
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// 2: c--- 2: c------
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// ^ ^
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// Do nothing.
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}
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// Look at all the existing transitions that overlap the new tombstone.
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while (it != rep_.end() && ucmp_->Compare(it->first, t.end_key_) < 0) {
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if (t.seq_ > it->second) {
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// The transition is to an existing tombstone that the new tombstone
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// covers. Save the covered tombstone's seqno. We'll need to return to
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// it if the new tombstone ends before the existing tombstone.
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end_seq = it->second;
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if (t.seq_ == prev_seq()) {
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// The previous transition is to the seqno of the new tombstone:
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//
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// 3: 3: 3: --F
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// 2: C------ OR 2: C------ OR 2: F----
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// 1: F--- 1: ---F 1: H--
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// ^ ^ ^
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//
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// Erase this transition. It's been superseded.
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it = rep_.erase(it);
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continue; // skip increment; erase positions iterator correctly
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} else {
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// The previous transition is to a tombstone that covers the new
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// tombstone, but this transition is to a tombstone that is covered by
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// the new tombstone. That is, this is the end of a run of existing
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// tombstones that cover the new tombstone:
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//
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// 3: A---E OR 3: E-G
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// 2: c---- 2: ------
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// ^ ^
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// Preserve this transition point, but raise it to the new tombstone's
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// seqno.
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it->second = t.seq_;
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}
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} else {
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// The transition is to an existing tombstone that covers the new
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// tombstone:
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//
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// 4: 4: --F
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// 3: F-- OR 3: F--
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// 2: ----- 2: -----
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// ^ ^
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// Do nothing.
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}
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++it;
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}
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if (t.seq_ == prev_seq()) {
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// The new tombstone is unterminated in the map:
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//
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// 3: OR 3: --G OR 3: --G K--
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// 2: C-------k 2: G---k 2: G---k
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// ^ ^ ^
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// End it now, returning to the last seqno we covered. Because end keys
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// are exclusive, if there's an existing transition at t.end_key_, it
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// takes precedence over the transition that we install here.
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rep_.emplace(t.end_key_, end_seq); // emplace is a noop if existing entry
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} else {
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// The new tombstone is implicitly ended because its end point is covered
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// by an existing tombstone with a higher seqno.
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//
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// 3: I---M OR 3: A-----------M
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// 2: ----k 2: c-------k
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// ^ ^
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// Do nothing.
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}
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}
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size_t Size() const { return rep_.size() - 1; }
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void InvalidatePosition() { iter_ = rep_.end(); }
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std::unique_ptr<RangeDelIterator> NewIterator() {
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return std::unique_ptr<RangeDelIterator>(new Iterator(this->rep_));
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}
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};
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RangeDelAggregator::RangeDelAggregator(
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const InternalKeyComparator& icmp,
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const std::vector<SequenceNumber>& snapshots,
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bool collapse_deletions /* = true */)
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: upper_bound_(kMaxSequenceNumber),
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icmp_(icmp),
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collapse_deletions_(collapse_deletions) {
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InitRep(snapshots);
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}
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RangeDelAggregator::RangeDelAggregator(const InternalKeyComparator& icmp,
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SequenceNumber snapshot,
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bool collapse_deletions /* = false */)
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: upper_bound_(snapshot),
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icmp_(icmp),
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collapse_deletions_(collapse_deletions) {}
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void RangeDelAggregator::InitRep(const std::vector<SequenceNumber>& snapshots) {
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assert(rep_ == nullptr);
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rep_.reset(new Rep());
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for (auto snapshot : snapshots) {
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rep_->stripe_map_.emplace(snapshot, NewRangeDelMap());
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}
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// Data newer than any snapshot falls in this catch-all stripe
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rep_->stripe_map_.emplace(kMaxSequenceNumber, NewRangeDelMap());
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rep_->pinned_iters_mgr_.StartPinning();
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}
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std::unique_ptr<RangeDelMap> RangeDelAggregator::NewRangeDelMap() {
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RangeDelMap* tombstone_map;
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if (collapse_deletions_) {
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tombstone_map = new CollapsedRangeDelMap(icmp_.user_comparator());
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} else {
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tombstone_map = new UncollapsedRangeDelMap(icmp_.user_comparator());
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}
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return std::unique_ptr<RangeDelMap>(tombstone_map);
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}
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bool RangeDelAggregator::ShouldDeleteImpl(const Slice& internal_key,
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RangeDelPositioningMode mode) {
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assert(rep_ != nullptr);
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ParsedInternalKey parsed;
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if (!ParseInternalKey(internal_key, &parsed)) {
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assert(false);
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}
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return ShouldDelete(parsed, mode);
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}
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bool RangeDelAggregator::ShouldDeleteImpl(const ParsedInternalKey& parsed,
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RangeDelPositioningMode mode) {
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assert(IsValueType(parsed.type));
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assert(rep_ != nullptr);
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auto& tombstone_map = GetRangeDelMap(parsed.sequence);
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if (tombstone_map.IsEmpty()) {
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return false;
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}
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return tombstone_map.ShouldDelete(parsed, mode);
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}
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bool RangeDelAggregator::IsRangeOverlapped(const Slice& start,
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const Slice& end) {
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// Unimplemented because the only client of this method, file ingestion,
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// uses uncollapsed maps.
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assert(!collapse_deletions_);
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if (rep_ == nullptr) {
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return false;
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}
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for (const auto& stripe : rep_->stripe_map_) {
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if (stripe.second->IsRangeOverlapped(start, end)) {
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return true;
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}
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}
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return false;
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}
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Status RangeDelAggregator::AddTombstones(
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std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> input,
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const InternalKey* smallest,
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const InternalKey* largest) {
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if (input == nullptr) {
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return Status::OK();
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}
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input->SeekToFirst();
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bool first_iter = true;
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while (input->Valid()) {
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if (first_iter) {
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if (rep_ == nullptr) {
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InitRep({upper_bound_});
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} else {
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InvalidateRangeDelMapPositions();
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}
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first_iter = false;
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}
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ParsedInternalKey parsed_key;
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bool parsed;
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if (input->IsKeyPinned()) {
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parsed = ParseInternalKey(input->key(), &parsed_key);
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} else {
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// The tombstone map holds slices into the iterator's memory. Make a
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// copy of the key if it is not pinned.
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rep_->pinned_slices_.emplace_back(input->key().data(),
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input->key().size());
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parsed = ParseInternalKey(rep_->pinned_slices_.back(), &parsed_key);
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}
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if (!parsed) {
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return Status::Corruption("Unable to parse range tombstone InternalKey");
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}
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RangeTombstone tombstone;
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if (input->IsValuePinned()) {
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tombstone = RangeTombstone(parsed_key, input->value());
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} else {
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// The tombstone map holds slices into the iterator's memory. Make a
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// copy of the value if it is not pinned.
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rep_->pinned_slices_.emplace_back(input->value().data(),
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input->value().size());
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tombstone = RangeTombstone(parsed_key, rep_->pinned_slices_.back());
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}
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// Truncate the tombstone to the range [smallest, largest].
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if (smallest != nullptr) {
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if (icmp_.user_comparator()->Compare(
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tombstone.start_key_, smallest->user_key()) < 0) {
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tombstone.start_key_ = smallest->user_key();
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}
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}
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if (largest != nullptr) {
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// This is subtly correct despite the discrepancy between
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// FileMetaData::largest being inclusive while RangeTombstone::end_key_
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// is exclusive. A tombstone will only extend past the bounds of an
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// sstable if its end-key is the largest key in the table. If that
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// occurs, the largest key for the table is set based on the smallest
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// key in the next table in the level. In that case, largest->user_key()
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// is not actually a key in the current table and thus we can use it as
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// the exclusive end-key for the tombstone.
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if (icmp_.user_comparator()->Compare(
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tombstone.end_key_, largest->user_key()) > 0) {
|
|
// The largest key should be a tombstone sentinel key.
|
|
assert(GetInternalKeySeqno(largest->Encode()) == kMaxSequenceNumber);
|
|
tombstone.end_key_ = largest->user_key();
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
GetRangeDelMap(tombstone.seq_).AddTombstone(std::move(tombstone));
|
|
input->Next();
|
|
}
|
|
if (!first_iter) {
|
|
rep_->pinned_iters_mgr_.PinIterator(input.release(), false /* arena */);
|
|
}
|
|
return Status::OK();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
void RangeDelAggregator::InvalidateRangeDelMapPositions() {
|
|
if (rep_ == nullptr) {
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
for (auto& stripe : rep_->stripe_map_) {
|
|
stripe.second->InvalidatePosition();
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
RangeDelMap& RangeDelAggregator::GetRangeDelMap(SequenceNumber seq) {
|
|
assert(rep_ != nullptr);
|
|
// The stripe includes seqnum for the snapshot above and excludes seqnum for
|
|
// the snapshot below.
|
|
StripeMap::iterator iter;
|
|
if (seq > 0) {
|
|
// upper_bound() checks strict inequality so need to subtract one
|
|
iter = rep_->stripe_map_.upper_bound(seq - 1);
|
|
} else {
|
|
iter = rep_->stripe_map_.begin();
|
|
}
|
|
// catch-all stripe justifies this assertion in either of above cases
|
|
assert(iter != rep_->stripe_map_.end());
|
|
return *iter->second;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
bool RangeDelAggregator::IsEmpty() {
|
|
if (rep_ == nullptr) {
|
|
return true;
|
|
}
|
|
for (const auto& stripe : rep_->stripe_map_) {
|
|
if (!stripe.second->IsEmpty()) {
|
|
return false;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
return true;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
bool RangeDelAggregator::AddFile(uint64_t file_number) {
|
|
if (rep_ == nullptr) {
|
|
return true;
|
|
}
|
|
return rep_->added_files_.emplace(file_number).second;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
class MergingRangeDelIter : public RangeDelIterator {
|
|
public:
|
|
MergingRangeDelIter(const Comparator* c)
|
|
: heap_(IterMinHeap(IterComparator(c))), current_(nullptr) {}
|
|
|
|
void AddIterator(std::unique_ptr<RangeDelIterator> iter) {
|
|
if (iter->Valid()) {
|
|
heap_.push(iter.get());
|
|
iters_.push_back(std::move(iter));
|
|
current_ = heap_.top();
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
bool Valid() const override { return current_ != nullptr; }
|
|
|
|
void Next() override {
|
|
current_->Next();
|
|
if (current_->Valid()) {
|
|
heap_.replace_top(current_);
|
|
} else {
|
|
heap_.pop();
|
|
}
|
|
current_ = heap_.empty() ? nullptr : heap_.top();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
void Seek(const Slice& target) override {
|
|
heap_.clear();
|
|
for (auto& iter : iters_) {
|
|
iter->Seek(target);
|
|
if (iter->Valid()) {
|
|
heap_.push(iter.get());
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
current_ = heap_.empty() ? nullptr : heap_.top();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
RangeTombstone Tombstone() const override { return current_->Tombstone(); }
|
|
|
|
private:
|
|
struct IterComparator {
|
|
IterComparator(const Comparator* c) : cmp(c) {}
|
|
|
|
bool operator()(const RangeDelIterator* a,
|
|
const RangeDelIterator* b) const {
|
|
// Note: counterintuitively, returning the tombstone with the larger start
|
|
// key puts the tombstone with the smallest key at the top of the heap.
|
|
return cmp->Compare(a->Tombstone().start_key_,
|
|
b->Tombstone().start_key_) > 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const Comparator* cmp;
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
typedef BinaryHeap<RangeDelIterator*, IterComparator> IterMinHeap;
|
|
|
|
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RangeDelIterator>> iters_;
|
|
IterMinHeap heap_;
|
|
RangeDelIterator* current_;
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
std::unique_ptr<RangeDelIterator> RangeDelAggregator::NewIterator() {
|
|
std::unique_ptr<MergingRangeDelIter> iter(
|
|
new MergingRangeDelIter(icmp_.user_comparator()));
|
|
if (rep_ != nullptr) {
|
|
for (const auto& stripe : rep_->stripe_map_) {
|
|
iter->AddIterator(stripe.second->NewIterator());
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
return std::move(iter);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
} // namespace rocksdb
|