rocksdb/table/iterator.cc
Peter Dillinger 9d0cae7104 Eliminate unnecessary (slow) block cache Ref()ing in MultiGet (#9899)
Summary:
When MultiGet() determines that multiple query keys can be
served by examining the same data block in block cache (one Lookup()),
each PinnableSlice referring to data in that data block needs to hold
on to the block in cache so that they can be released at arbitrary
times by the API user. Historically this is accomplished with extra
calls to Ref() on the Handle from Lookup(), with each PinnableSlice
cleanup calling Release() on the Handle, but this creates extra
contention on the block cache for the extra Ref()s and Release()es,
especially because they hit the same cache shard repeatedly.

In the case of merge operands (possibly more cases?), the problem was
compounded by doing an extra Ref()+eventual Release() for each merge
operand for a key reusing a block (which could be the same key!), rather
than one Ref() per key. (Note: the non-shared case with `biter` was
already one per key.)

This change optimizes MultiGet not to rely on these extra, contentious
Ref()+Release() calls by instead, in the shared block case, wrapping
the cache Release() cleanup in a refcounted object referenced by the
PinnableSlices, such that after the last wrapped reference is released,
the cache entry is Release()ed. Relaxed atomic refcounts should be
much faster than mutex-guarded Ref() and Release(), and much less prone
to a performance cliff when MultiGet() does a lot of block sharing.

Note that I did not use std::shared_ptr, because that would require an
extra indirection object (shared_ptr itself new/delete) in order to
associate a ref increment/decrement with a Cleanable cleanup entry. (If
I assumed it was the size of two pointers, I could do some hackery to
make it work without the extra indirection, but that's too fragile.)

Some details:
* Fixed (removed) extra block cache tracing entries in cases of cache
entry reuse in MultiGet, but it's likely that in some other cases traces
are missing (XXX comment inserted)
* Moved existing implementations for cleanable.h from iterator.cc to
new cleanable.cc
* Improved API comments on Cleanable
* Added a public SharedCleanablePtr class to cleanable.h in case others
could benefit from the same pattern (potentially many Cleanables and/or
smart pointers referencing a shared Cleanable)
* Add a typedef for MultiGetContext::Mask
* Some variable renaming for clarity

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/9899

Test Plan:
Added unit tests for SharedCleanablePtr.

Greatly enhanced ability of existing tests to detect cache use-after-free.
* Release PinnableSlices from MultiGet as they are read rather than in
bulk (in db_test_util wrapper).
* In ASAN build, default to using a trivially small LRUCache for block_cache
so that entries are immediately erased when unreferenced. (Updated two
tests that depend on caching.) New ASAN testsuite running time seems
OK to me.

If I introduce a bug into my implementation where we skip the shared
cleanups on block reuse, ASAN detects the bug in
`db_basic_test *MultiGet*`. If I remove either of the above testing
enhancements, the bug is not detected.

Consider for follow-up work: manipulate or randomize ordering of
PinnableSlice use and release from MultiGet db_test_util wrapper. But in
typical cases, natural ordering gives pretty good functional coverage.

Performance test:
In the extreme (but possible) case of MultiGetting the same or adjacent keys
in a batch, throughput can improve by an order of magnitude.
`./db_bench -benchmarks=multireadrandom -db=/dev/shm/testdb -readonly -num=5 -duration=10 -threads=20 -multiread_batched -batch_size=200`
Before ops/sec, num=5: 1,384,394
Before ops/sec, num=500: 6,423,720
After ops/sec, num=500: 10,658,794
After ops/sec, num=5: 16,027,257

Also note that previously, with high parallelism, having query keys
concentrated in a single block was worse than spreading them out a bit. Now
concentrated in a single block is faster than spread out, which is hopefully
consistent with natural expectation.

Random query performance: with num=1000000, over 999 x 10s runs running before & after simultaneously (each -threads=12):
Before: multireadrandom [AVG    999 runs] : 1088699 (± 7344) ops/sec;  120.4 (± 0.8 ) MB/sec
After: multireadrandom [AVG    999 runs] : 1090402 (± 7230) ops/sec;  120.6 (± 0.8 ) MB/sec
Possibly better, possibly in the noise.

Reviewed By: anand1976

Differential Revision: D35907003

Pulled By: pdillinger

fbshipit-source-id: bbd244d703649a8ca12d476f2d03853ed9d1a17e
2022-04-26 21:59:24 -07:00

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4.2 KiB
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// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
// This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
// COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
// (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
//
// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
#include "rocksdb/iterator.h"
#include "memory/arena.h"
#include "table/internal_iterator.h"
#include "table/iterator_wrapper.h"
namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
Status Iterator::GetProperty(std::string prop_name, std::string* prop) {
if (prop == nullptr) {
return Status::InvalidArgument("prop is nullptr");
}
if (prop_name == "rocksdb.iterator.is-key-pinned") {
*prop = "0";
return Status::OK();
}
return Status::InvalidArgument("Unidentified property.");
}
namespace {
class EmptyIterator : public Iterator {
public:
explicit EmptyIterator(const Status& s) : status_(s) { }
bool Valid() const override { return false; }
void Seek(const Slice& /*target*/) override {}
void SeekForPrev(const Slice& /*target*/) override {}
void SeekToFirst() override {}
void SeekToLast() override {}
void Next() override { assert(false); }
void Prev() override { assert(false); }
Slice key() const override {
assert(false);
return Slice();
}
Slice value() const override {
assert(false);
return Slice();
}
Status status() const override { return status_; }
private:
Status status_;
};
template <class TValue = Slice>
class EmptyInternalIterator : public InternalIteratorBase<TValue> {
public:
explicit EmptyInternalIterator(const Status& s) : status_(s) {}
bool Valid() const override { return false; }
void Seek(const Slice& /*target*/) override {}
void SeekForPrev(const Slice& /*target*/) override {}
void SeekToFirst() override {}
void SeekToLast() override {}
void Next() override { assert(false); }
void Prev() override { assert(false); }
Slice key() const override {
assert(false);
return Slice();
}
TValue value() const override {
assert(false);
return TValue();
}
Status status() const override { return status_; }
private:
Status status_;
};
} // namespace
Iterator* NewEmptyIterator() { return new EmptyIterator(Status::OK()); }
Iterator* NewErrorIterator(const Status& status) {
return new EmptyIterator(status);
}
template <class TValue>
InternalIteratorBase<TValue>* NewErrorInternalIterator(const Status& status) {
return new EmptyInternalIterator<TValue>(status);
}
template InternalIteratorBase<IndexValue>* NewErrorInternalIterator(
const Status& status);
template InternalIteratorBase<Slice>* NewErrorInternalIterator(
const Status& status);
template <class TValue>
InternalIteratorBase<TValue>* NewErrorInternalIterator(const Status& status,
Arena* arena) {
if (arena == nullptr) {
return NewErrorInternalIterator<TValue>(status);
} else {
auto mem = arena->AllocateAligned(sizeof(EmptyInternalIterator<TValue>));
return new (mem) EmptyInternalIterator<TValue>(status);
}
}
template InternalIteratorBase<IndexValue>* NewErrorInternalIterator(
const Status& status, Arena* arena);
template InternalIteratorBase<Slice>* NewErrorInternalIterator(
const Status& status, Arena* arena);
template <class TValue>
InternalIteratorBase<TValue>* NewEmptyInternalIterator() {
return new EmptyInternalIterator<TValue>(Status::OK());
}
template InternalIteratorBase<IndexValue>* NewEmptyInternalIterator();
template InternalIteratorBase<Slice>* NewEmptyInternalIterator();
template <class TValue>
InternalIteratorBase<TValue>* NewEmptyInternalIterator(Arena* arena) {
if (arena == nullptr) {
return NewEmptyInternalIterator<TValue>();
} else {
auto mem = arena->AllocateAligned(sizeof(EmptyInternalIterator<TValue>));
return new (mem) EmptyInternalIterator<TValue>(Status::OK());
}
}
template InternalIteratorBase<IndexValue>* NewEmptyInternalIterator(
Arena* arena);
template InternalIteratorBase<Slice>* NewEmptyInternalIterator(Arena* arena);
} // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE