diff --git a/src/weighted_average.rs b/src/weighted_average.rs
index 5c6fe08..667f749 100644
--- a/src/weighted_average.rs
+++ b/src/weighted_average.rs
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ use core;
 pub struct WeightedAverage {
     /// Sum of the weights.
     weight_sum: f64,
-    /// Sum of the squares of the weights.
-    weight_sum_sq: f64,
     /// Average value.
     avg: f64,
     /// Intermediate sum of squares for calculating the variance.
@@ -17,7 +15,7 @@ pub struct WeightedAverage {
 impl WeightedAverage {
     /// Create a new weighted average.
     pub fn new() -> WeightedAverage {
-        WeightedAverage { weight_sum: 0., weight_sum_sq: 0., avg: 0., v: 0. }
+        WeightedAverage { weight_sum: 0., avg: 0., v: 0. }
     }
 
     /// Add a sample to the weighted sequence of which the average is calculated.
@@ -29,7 +27,6 @@ impl WeightedAverage {
         // and
         // http://people.ds.cam.ac.uk/fanf2/hermes/doc/antiforgery/stats.pdf.
         self.weight_sum += weight;
-        self.weight_sum_sq += weight*weight;
         let prev_avg = self.avg;
         self.avg = prev_avg + (weight / self.weight_sum) * (sample - prev_avg);
         self.v += weight * (sample - prev_avg) * (sample - self.avg);
@@ -37,7 +34,7 @@ impl WeightedAverage {
 
     /// Determine whether the sequence is empty.
     pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        self.weight_sum_sq == 0.
+        self.weight_sum == 0. && self.v == 0. && self.avg == 0.
     }
 
     /// Return the sum of the weights.
@@ -45,24 +42,11 @@ impl WeightedAverage {
         self.weight_sum
     }
 
-    /// Return the sum of the squared weights.
-    pub fn sum_weights_sq(&self) -> f64 {
-        self.weight_sum_sq
-    }
-
     /// Estimate the weighted mean of the sequence.
     pub fn mean(&self) -> f64 {
         self.avg
     }
 
-    /// Calculate the effective sample size.
-    pub fn effective_len(&self) -> f64 {
-        if self.is_empty() {
-            return 0.
-        }
-        self.weight_sum * self.weight_sum / self.weight_sum_sq
-    }
-
     /// Calculate the population variance of the weighted sequence.
     ///
     /// This assumes that the sequence consists of the entire population and the
@@ -80,41 +64,30 @@ impl WeightedAverage {
     /// This assumes that the sequence consists of samples of a larger
     /// population and the weights represent *frequency*.
     ///
-    /// Note that this is undefined if the sum of the weights is 1.
+    /// Note that this will return 0 if the sum of the weights is <= 1.
     pub fn sample_variance(&self) -> f64 {
-        if self.effective_len() <= 1. {
+        if self.weight_sum <= 1. {
             0.
         } else {
             self.v / (self.weight_sum - 1.0)
         }
     }
 
-    /// Calculate the reliability variance of the weighted sequence.
-    ///
-    /// This assumes weights represent *reliability*.
-    pub fn reliability_variance(&self) -> f64 {
-        if self.is_empty() {
-            0.
-        } else {
-            self.v / (self.weight_sum - self.weight_sum_sq / self.weight_sum)
-        }
-    }
-
     /// Estimate the standard error of the weighted mean of the sequence.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this will return 0 if the sum of the weights is 0.
+    /// For this estimator the sum of weights should be larger than 1.
     pub fn error(&self) -> f64 {
         // This uses the same estimate as SPSS.
         //
         // See http://www.analyticalgroup.com/download/WEIGHTED_MEAN.pdf.
-        if self.is_empty() {
+        if self.weight_sum == 0. {
             return 0.;
         }
-        let variance = if self.weight_sum != 1. {
-            // We generally want to use the weighted sample variance...
-            self.sample_variance()
-        } else {
-            // ...but in this case it is undefined, so we use the weighted
-            // population variance instead.
+        let variance = if self.weight_sum <= 1. {
             self.population_variance()
+        } else {
+            self.sample_variance()
         };
         (variance / self.weight_sum).sqrt()
     }
@@ -146,7 +119,6 @@ impl WeightedAverage {
         self.v += other.v + delta*delta * self.weight_sum * other.weight_sum
                             / total_weight_sum;
         self.weight_sum = total_weight_sum;
-        self.weight_sum_sq += other.weight_sum_sq;
     }
 }
 
@@ -178,17 +150,14 @@ mod tests {
     fn trivial() {
         let mut a = WeightedAverage::new();
         assert_eq!(a.sum_weights(), 0.);
-        assert_eq!(a.sum_weights_sq(), 0.);
         a.add(1.0, 1.0);
         assert_eq!(a.mean(), 1.0);
         assert_eq!(a.sum_weights(), 1.0);
-        assert_eq!(a.sum_weights_sq(), 1.0);
         assert_eq!(a.population_variance(), 0.0);
         assert_eq!(a.error(), 0.0);
         a.add(1.0, 1.0);
         assert_eq!(a.mean(), 1.0);
         assert_eq!(a.sum_weights(), 2.0);
-        assert_eq!(a.sum_weights_sq(), 2.0);
         assert_eq!(a.population_variance(), 0.0);
         assert_eq!(a.error(), 0.0);
     }
@@ -212,7 +181,6 @@ mod tests {
         assert_almost_eq!(a.mean(), 3.53486, 1e-5);
         assert_almost_eq!(a.sample_variance(), 1.8210, 1e-4);
         assert_eq!(a.sum_weights(), 10.47);
-        assert_almost_eq!(a.effective_len(), 8.2315, 1e-4);
         assert_almost_eq!(a.error(), f64::sqrt(0.1739), 1e-4);
     }
 
@@ -235,7 +203,6 @@ mod tests {
             let avg_right: WeightedAverage = right.iter().map(|x| (*x, 1.)).collect();
             avg_left.merge(&avg_right);
             assert_eq!(avg_total.weight_sum, avg_left.weight_sum);
-            assert_eq!(avg_total.weight_sum_sq, avg_left.weight_sum_sq);
             assert_eq!(avg_total.avg, avg_left.avg);
             assert_eq!(avg_total.v, avg_left.v);
         }
@@ -253,7 +220,6 @@ mod tests {
             let avg_right: WeightedAverage = right.iter().map(|&(x, w)| (x, w)).collect();
             avg_left.merge(&avg_right);
             assert_almost_eq!(avg_total.weight_sum, avg_left.weight_sum, 1e-15);
-            assert_eq!(avg_total.weight_sum_sq, avg_left.weight_sum_sq);
             assert_almost_eq!(avg_total.avg, avg_left.avg, 1e-15);
             assert_almost_eq!(avg_total.v, avg_left.v, 1e-14);
         }