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 * Copyright (c) 1995, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 *
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package org.warp.commonutils.stream;

/**
 * The {@code SafeDataOutput} interface provides
 * for converting data from any of the Java
 * primitive types to a series of bytes and
 * writing these bytes to a binary stream.
 * There is  also a facility for converting
 * a {@code String} into
 * <a href="DataInput.html#modified-utf-8">modified UTF-8</a>
 * format and writing the resulting series
 * of bytes.
 * <p>
 * For all the methods in this interface that
 * write bytes, it is generally true that if
 * a byte cannot be written for any reason,
 * an {@code IOException} is thrown.
 *
 * @author  Frank Yellin
 * @see     java.io.DataInput
 * @see     java.io.DataOutputStream
 * @since   1.0
 */
public interface SafeDataOutput {
	/**
	 * Writes to the output stream the eight
	 * low-order bits of the argument {@code b}.
	 * The 24 high-order  bits of {@code b}
	 * are ignored.
	 *
	 * @param      b   the byte to be written.
	 */
	void write(int b);

	/**
	 * Writes to the output stream all the bytes in array {@code b}.
	 * If {@code b} is {@code null},
	 * a {@code NullPointerException} is thrown.
	 * If {@code b.length} is zero, then
	 * no bytes are written. Otherwise, the byte
	 * {@code b[0]} is written first, then
	 * {@code b[1]}, and so on; the last byte
	 * written is {@code b[b.length-1]}.
	 *
	 * @param      b   the data.
	 */
	void write(byte b[]);

	/**
	 * Writes {@code len} bytes from array
	 * {@code b}, in order,  to
	 * the output stream.  If {@code b}
	 * is {@code null}, a {@code NullPointerException}
	 * is thrown.  If {@code off} is negative,
	 * or {@code len} is negative, or {@code off+len}
	 * is greater than the length of the array
	 * {@code b}, then an {@code IndexOutOfBoundsException}
	 * is thrown.  If {@code len} is zero,
	 * then no bytes are written. Otherwise, the
	 * byte {@code b[off]} is written first,
	 * then {@code b[off+1]}, and so on; the
	 * last byte written is {@code b[off+len-1]}.
	 *
	 * @param      b     the data.
	 * @param      off   the start offset in the data.
	 * @param      len   the number of bytes to write.
	 */
	void write(byte b[], int off, int len);

	/**
	 * Writes a {@code boolean} value to this output stream.
	 * If the argument {@code v}
	 * is {@code true}, the value {@code (byte)1}
	 * is written; if {@code v} is {@code false},
	 * the  value {@code (byte)0} is written.
	 * The byte written by this method may
	 * be read by the {@code readBoolean}
	 * method of interface {@code DataInput},
	 * which will then return a {@code boolean}
	 * equal to {@code v}.
	 *
	 * @param      v   the boolean to be written.
	 */
	void writeBoolean(boolean v);

	/**
	 * Writes to the output stream the eight low-order
	 * bits of the argument {@code v}.
	 * The 24 high-order bits of {@code v}
	 * are ignored. (This means  that {@code writeByte}
	 * does exactly the same thing as {@code write}
	 * for an integer argument.) The byte written
	 * by this method may be read by the {@code readByte}
	 * method of interface {@code DataInput},
	 * which will then return a {@code byte}
	 * equal to {@code (byte)v}.
	 *
	 * @param      v   the byte value to be written.
	 */
	void writeByte(int v);

	/**
	 * Writes two bytes to the output
	 * stream to represent the value of the argument.
	 * The byte values to be written, in the  order
	 * shown, are:
	 * <pre>{@code
	 * (byte)(0xff & (v >> 8))
	 * (byte)(0xff & v)
	 * }</pre> <p>
	 * The bytes written by this method may be
	 * read by the {@code readShort} method
	 * of interface {@code DataInput}, which
	 * will then return a {@code short} equal
	 * to {@code (short)v}.
	 *
	 * @param      v   the {@code short} value to be written.
	 */
	void writeShort(int v);

	/**
	 * Writes a {@code char} value, which
	 * is comprised of two bytes, to the
	 * output stream.
	 * The byte values to be written, in the  order
	 * shown, are:
	 * <pre>{@code
	 * (byte)(0xff & (v >> 8))
	 * (byte)(0xff & v)
	 * }</pre><p>
	 * The bytes written by this method may be
	 * read by the {@code readChar} method
	 * of interface {@code DataInput}, which
	 * will then return a {@code char} equal
	 * to {@code (char)v}.
	 *
	 * @param      v   the {@code char} value to be written.
	 */
	void writeChar(int v);

	/**
	 * Writes an {@code int} value, which is
	 * comprised of four bytes, to the output stream.
	 * The byte values to be written, in the  order
	 * shown, are:
	 * <pre>{@code
	 * (byte)(0xff & (v >> 24))
	 * (byte)(0xff & (v >> 16))
	 * (byte)(0xff & (v >>  8))
	 * (byte)(0xff & v)
	 * }</pre><p>
	 * The bytes written by this method may be read
	 * by the {@code readInt} method of interface
	 * {@code DataInput}, which will then
	 * return an {@code int} equal to {@code v}.
	 *
	 * @param      v   the {@code int} value to be written.
	 */
	void writeInt(int v);

	/**
	 * Writes a {@code long} value, which is
	 * comprised of eight bytes, to the output stream.
	 * The byte values to be written, in the  order
	 * shown, are:
	 * <pre>{@code
	 * (byte)(0xff & (v >> 56))
	 * (byte)(0xff & (v >> 48))
	 * (byte)(0xff & (v >> 40))
	 * (byte)(0xff & (v >> 32))
	 * (byte)(0xff & (v >> 24))
	 * (byte)(0xff & (v >> 16))
	 * (byte)(0xff & (v >>  8))
	 * (byte)(0xff & v)
	 * }</pre><p>
	 * The bytes written by this method may be
	 * read by the {@code readLong} method
	 * of interface {@code DataInput}, which
	 * will then return a {@code long} equal
	 * to {@code v}.
	 *
	 * @param      v   the {@code long} value to be written.
	 */
	void writeLong(long v);

	/**
	 * Writes a {@code float} value,
	 * which is comprised of four bytes, to the output stream.
	 * It does this as if it first converts this
	 * {@code float} value to an {@code int}
	 * in exactly the manner of the {@code Float.floatToIntBits}
	 * method  and then writes the {@code int}
	 * value in exactly the manner of the  {@code writeInt}
	 * method.  The bytes written by this method
	 * may be read by the {@code readFloat}
	 * method of interface {@code DataInput},
	 * which will then return a {@code float}
	 * equal to {@code v}.
	 *
	 * @param      v   the {@code float} value to be written.
	 */
	void writeFloat(float v);

	/**
	 * Writes a {@code double} value,
	 * which is comprised of eight bytes, to the output stream.
	 * It does this as if it first converts this
	 * {@code double} value to a {@code long}
	 * in exactly the manner of the {@code Double.doubleToLongBits}
	 * method  and then writes the {@code long}
	 * value in exactly the manner of the  {@code writeLong}
	 * method. The bytes written by this method
	 * may be read by the {@code readDouble}
	 * method of interface {@code DataInput},
	 * which will then return a {@code double}
	 * equal to {@code v}.
	 *
	 * @param      v   the {@code double} value to be written.
	 */
	void writeDouble(double v);

	/**
	 * Writes a string to the output stream.
	 * For every character in the string
	 * {@code s},  taken in order, one byte
	 * is written to the output stream.  If
	 * {@code s} is {@code null}, a {@code NullPointerException}
	 * is thrown.<p>  If {@code s.length}
	 * is zero, then no bytes are written. Otherwise,
	 * the character {@code s[0]} is written
	 * first, then {@code s[1]}, and so on;
	 * the last character written is {@code s[s.length-1]}.
	 * For each character, one byte is written,
	 * the low-order byte, in exactly the manner
	 * of the {@code writeByte} method . The
	 * high-order eight bits of each character
	 * in the string are ignored.
	 *
	 * @param      s   the string of bytes to be written.
	 */
	void writeBytes(String s);

	/**
	 * Writes every character in the string {@code s},
	 * to the output stream, in order,
	 * two bytes per character. If {@code s}
	 * is {@code null}, a {@code NullPointerException}
	 * is thrown.  If {@code s.length}
	 * is zero, then no characters are written.
	 * Otherwise, the character {@code s[0]}
	 * is written first, then {@code s[1]},
	 * and so on; the last character written is
	 * {@code s[s.length-1]}. For each character,
	 * two bytes are actually written, high-order
	 * byte first, in exactly the manner of the
	 * {@code writeChar} method.
	 *
	 * @param      s   the string value to be written.
	 */
	void writeChars(String s);

	/**
	 * Writes two bytes of length information
	 * to the output stream, followed
	 * by the
	 * <a href="DataInput.html#modified-utf-8">modified UTF-8</a>
	 * representation
	 * of  every character in the string {@code s}.
	 * If {@code s} is {@code null},
	 * a {@code NullPointerException} is thrown.
	 * Each character in the string {@code s}
	 * is converted to a group of one, two, or
	 * three bytes, depending on the value of the
	 * character.<p>
	 * If a character {@code c}
	 * is in the range <code>&#92;u0001</code> through
	 * <code>&#92;u007f</code>, it is represented
	 * by one byte:
	 * <pre>(byte)c </pre>  <p>
	 * If a character {@code c} is <code>&#92;u0000</code>
	 * or is in the range <code>&#92;u0080</code>
	 * through <code>&#92;u07ff</code>, then it is
	 * represented by two bytes, to be written
	 * in the order shown: <pre>{@code
	 * (byte)(0xc0 | (0x1f & (c >> 6)))
	 * (byte)(0x80 | (0x3f & c))
	 * }</pre> <p> If a character
	 * {@code c} is in the range <code>&#92;u0800</code>
	 * through {@code uffff}, then it is
	 * represented by three bytes, to be written
	 * in the order shown: <pre>{@code
	 * (byte)(0xe0 | (0x0f & (c >> 12)))
	 * (byte)(0x80 | (0x3f & (c >>  6)))
	 * (byte)(0x80 | (0x3f & c))
	 * }</pre>  <p> First,
	 * the total number of bytes needed to represent
	 * all the characters of {@code s} is
	 * calculated. If this number is larger than
	 * {@code 65535}, then a {@code UTFDataFormatException}
	 * is thrown. Otherwise, this length is written
	 * to the output stream in exactly the manner
	 * of the {@code writeShort} method;
	 * after this, the one-, two-, or three-byte
	 * representation of each character in the
	 * string {@code s} is written.<p>  The
	 * bytes written by this method may be read
	 * by the {@code readUTF} method of interface
	 * {@code DataInput}, which will then
	 * return a {@code String} equal to {@code s}.
	 *
	 * @param      s   the string value to be written.
	 */
	void writeUTF(String s);
}