diff --git a/benchmark/bench_misc.cpp b/benchmark/bench_misc.cpp
index 8345438f7..f108b4b6a 100644
--- a/benchmark/bench_misc.cpp
+++ b/benchmark/bench_misc.cpp
@@ -421,13 +421,12 @@ class IdDuplicateCheckerOld {
     if (saved_message_ids_.size() == MAX_SAVED_MESSAGE_IDS) {
       auto oldest_message_id = *saved_message_ids_.begin();
       if (message_id < oldest_message_id) {
-        return td::Status::Error(2, PSLICE() << "Ignore very old message_id "
-                                             << td::tag("oldest message_id", oldest_message_id)
-                                             << td::tag("got message_id", message_id));
+        return td::Status::Error(2, PSLICE() << "Ignore very old message " << message_id
+                                             << " older than the oldest known message " << oldest_message_id);
       }
     }
     if (saved_message_ids_.count(message_id) != 0) {
-      return td::Status::Error(1, PSLICE() << "Ignore duplicated message_id " << td::tag("message_id", message_id));
+      return td::Status::Error(1, PSLICE() << "Ignore already processed message " << message_id);
     }
 
     saved_message_ids_.insert(message_id);
@@ -451,16 +450,15 @@ class IdDuplicateCheckerNew {
   td::Status check(td::int64 message_id) {
     auto insert_result = saved_message_ids_.insert(message_id);
     if (!insert_result.second) {
-      return td::Status::Error(1, PSLICE() << "Ignore duplicated message_id " << td::tag("message_id", message_id));
+      return td::Status::Error(1, PSLICE() << "Ignore already processed message " << message_id);
     }
     if (saved_message_ids_.size() == MAX_SAVED_MESSAGE_IDS + 1) {
       auto begin_it = saved_message_ids_.begin();
       bool is_very_old = begin_it == insert_result.first;
       saved_message_ids_.erase(begin_it);
       if (is_very_old) {
-        return td::Status::Error(2, PSLICE() << "Ignore very old message_id "
-                                             << td::tag("oldest message_id", *saved_message_ids_.begin())
-                                             << td::tag("got message_id", message_id));
+        return td::Status::Error(2, PSLICE() << "Ignore very old message " << message_id
+                                             << " older than the oldest known message " << *saved_message_ids_.begin());
       }
     }
     return td::Status::OK();
@@ -477,16 +475,15 @@ class IdDuplicateCheckerNewOther {
   }
   td::Status check(td::int64 message_id) {
     if (!saved_message_ids_.insert(message_id).second) {
-      return td::Status::Error(1, PSLICE() << "Ignore duplicated message_id " << td::tag("message_id", message_id));
+      return td::Status::Error(1, PSLICE() << "Ignore already processed message " << message_id);
     }
     if (saved_message_ids_.size() == MAX_SAVED_MESSAGE_IDS + 1) {
       auto begin_it = saved_message_ids_.begin();
       bool is_very_old = *begin_it == message_id;
       saved_message_ids_.erase(begin_it);
       if (is_very_old) {
-        return td::Status::Error(2, PSLICE() << "Ignore very old message_id "
-                                             << td::tag("oldest message_id", *saved_message_ids_.begin())
-                                             << td::tag("got message_id", message_id));
+        return td::Status::Error(2, PSLICE() << "Ignore very old message " << message_id
+                                             << " older than the oldest known message " << *saved_message_ids_.begin());
       }
     }
     return td::Status::OK();
@@ -505,14 +502,14 @@ class IdDuplicateCheckerNewSimple {
   td::Status check(td::int64 message_id) {
     auto insert_result = saved_message_ids_.insert(message_id);
     if (!insert_result.second) {
-      return td::Status::Error(1, "Ignore duplicated message_id");
+      return td::Status::Error(1, "Ignore already processed message");
     }
     if (saved_message_ids_.size() == MAX_SAVED_MESSAGE_IDS + 1) {
       auto begin_it = saved_message_ids_.begin();
       bool is_very_old = begin_it == insert_result.first;
       saved_message_ids_.erase(begin_it);
       if (is_very_old) {
-        return td::Status::Error(2, "Ignore very old message_id");
+        return td::Status::Error(2, "Ignore very old message");
       }
     }
     return td::Status::OK();
@@ -540,13 +537,12 @@ class IdDuplicateCheckerArray {
       return td::Status::OK();
     }
     if (end_pos_ >= max_size && message_id < saved_message_ids_[0]) {
-      return td::Status::Error(2, PSLICE() << "Ignore very old message_id "
-                                           << td::tag("oldest message_id", saved_message_ids_[0])
-                                           << td::tag("got message_id", message_id));
+      return td::Status::Error(2, PSLICE() << "Ignore very old message " << message_id
+                                           << " older than the oldest known message " << saved_message_ids_[0]);
     }
     auto it = std::lower_bound(&saved_message_ids_[0], &saved_message_ids_[end_pos_], message_id);
     if (*it == message_id) {
-      return td::Status::Error(1, PSLICE() << "Ignore duplicated message_id " << td::tag("message_id", message_id));
+      return td::Status::Error(1, PSLICE() << "Ignore already processed message " << message_id);
     }
     std::copy_backward(it, &saved_message_ids_[end_pos_], &saved_message_ids_[end_pos_ + 1]);
     *it = message_id;
diff --git a/td/mtproto/AuthData.cpp b/td/mtproto/AuthData.cpp
index dabbe1969..cac12d32f 100644
--- a/td/mtproto/AuthData.cpp
+++ b/td/mtproto/AuthData.cpp
@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ Status check_message_id_duplicates(int64 *saved_message_ids, size_t max_size, si
     return Status::OK();
   }
   if (end_pos >= max_size && message_id < saved_message_ids[0]) {
-    return Status::Error(2, PSLICE() << "Ignore very old message_id " << tag("oldest message_id", saved_message_ids[0])
-                                     << tag("got message_id", message_id));
+    return Status::Error(2, PSLICE() << "Ignore very old message " << message_id
+                                     << " older than the oldest known message " << saved_message_ids[0]);
   }
   auto it = std::lower_bound(&saved_message_ids[0], &saved_message_ids[end_pos], message_id);
   if (*it == message_id) {
-    return Status::Error(1, PSLICE() << "Ignore duplicated message_id " << tag("message_id", message_id));
+    return Status::Error(1, PSLICE() << "Ignore already processed message " << message_id);
   }
   std::copy_backward(it, &saved_message_ids[end_pos], &saved_message_ids[end_pos + 1]);
   *it = message_id;
@@ -133,14 +133,14 @@ Status AuthData::check_packet(int64 session_id, int64 message_id, double now, bo
   // Client is to check that the session_id field in the decrypted message indeed equals to that of an active session
   // created by the client.
   if (get_session_id() != static_cast<uint64>(session_id)) {
-    return Status::Error(PSLICE() << "Got packet from different session " << tag("current session_id", get_session_id())
-                                  << tag("got session_id", session_id));
+    return Status::Error(PSLICE() << "Receive packet from different session " << session_id << " in session "
+                                  << get_session_id());
   }
 
   // Client must check that msg_id has even parity for messages from client to server, and odd parity for messages
   // from server to client.
   if ((message_id & 1) == 0) {
-    return Status::Error(PSLICE() << "Got invalid message_id " << tag("message_id", message_id));
+    return Status::Error(PSLICE() << "Receive invalid message identifier " << message_id);
   }
 
   TRY_STATUS(duplicate_checker_.check(message_id));
@@ -152,8 +152,7 @@ Status AuthData::check_packet(int64 session_id, int64 message_id, double now, bo
   // The client would also find this useful (to protect from a replay attack), but only if it is certain of its time
   // (for example, if its time has been synchronized with that of the server).
   if (server_time_difference_was_updated_ && !is_valid_inbound_msg_id(message_id, now)) {
-    return Status::Error(PSLICE() << "Ignore message with too old or too new message_id "
-                                  << tag("message_id", message_id));
+    return Status::Error(PSLICE() << "Ignore too old or too new message " << message_id);
   }
 
   return Status::OK();
diff --git a/td/mtproto/SessionConnection.cpp b/td/mtproto/SessionConnection.cpp
index e02d80f74..5228c93c3 100644
--- a/td/mtproto/SessionConnection.cpp
+++ b/td/mtproto/SessionConnection.cpp
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ namespace mtproto {
  *
  * 6. New session creation
  *  A notification about new session.
- *  It is reasonable to store unique_id with current session, in order to process duplicated notifications once.
+ *  It is reasonable to store unique_id with current session in order to process duplicated notifications only once.
  *
  *  Causes all messages older than first_msg_id to be re-sent and notifies about a gap in updates
  *  output:
@@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ void SessionConnection::send_ack(uint64 message_id) {
     send_before(Time::now_cached() + ACK_DELAY);
   }
   auto ack = static_cast<int64>(message_id);
-  // an easiest way to eliminate duplicated acks for gzipped packets
+  // an easiest way to eliminate duplicated acknowledgements for gzipped packets
   if (to_ack_.empty() || to_ack_.back() != ack) {
     to_ack_.push_back(ack);
 
diff --git a/td/telegram/AuthManager.cpp b/td/telegram/AuthManager.cpp
index 6f58f11ac..0b4f98a4a 100644
--- a/td/telegram/AuthManager.cpp
+++ b/td/telegram/AuthManager.cpp
@@ -941,7 +941,7 @@ void AuthManager::on_delete_account_result(NetQueryPtr &result) {
 
 void AuthManager::on_get_authorization(tl_object_ptr<telegram_api::auth_Authorization> auth_ptr) {
   if (state_ == State::Ok) {
-    LOG(WARNING) << "Ignore duplicated auth.Authorization";
+    LOG(WARNING) << "Ignore duplicate auth.Authorization";
     if (query_id_ != 0) {
       on_query_ok();
     }
diff --git a/td/telegram/MessagesManager.cpp b/td/telegram/MessagesManager.cpp
index a3c67ba05..e3b0eaa14 100644
--- a/td/telegram/MessagesManager.cpp
+++ b/td/telegram/MessagesManager.cpp
@@ -16442,7 +16442,7 @@ void MessagesManager::add_notification_id_to_message_id_correspondence(Dialog *d
                         << d->dialog_id;
     d->notification_id_to_message_id.emplace(notification_id, message_id);
   } else if (it->second != message_id) {
-    LOG(ERROR) << "Have duplicated " << notification_id << " in " << d->dialog_id << " in " << message_id << " and "
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Have the same " << notification_id << " in " << d->dialog_id << " for " << message_id << " and "
                << it->second;
     if (it->second < message_id) {
       it->second = message_id;
diff --git a/td/telegram/NotificationManager.cpp b/td/telegram/NotificationManager.cpp
index df102d96a..bd1279235 100644
--- a/td/telegram/NotificationManager.cpp
+++ b/td/telegram/NotificationManager.cpp
@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ void NotificationManager::flush_pending_updates(int32 group_id, const char *sour
         if (!removed_notification_ids.insert(notification_id).second) {
           // sometimes there can be deletion of notification without previous addition, because the notification
           // has already been deleted at the time of addition and get_notification_object_type was nullptr
-          VLOG(notifications) << "Remove duplicated deletion of " << notification_id;
+          VLOG(notifications) << "Remove duplicate deletion of " << notification_id;
           notification_id = 0;
         }
       }
diff --git a/tdutils/td/utils/OptionParser.cpp b/tdutils/td/utils/OptionParser.cpp
index 3ed4b89f2..5ee2bbfba 100644
--- a/tdutils/td/utils/OptionParser.cpp
+++ b/tdutils/td/utils/OptionParser.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ void OptionParser::add_option(Option::Type type, char short_key, Slice long_key,
                               std::function<Status(Slice)> callback) {
   for (auto &option : options_) {
     if ((short_key != '\0' && option.short_key == short_key) || (!long_key.empty() && long_key == option.long_key)) {
-      LOG(ERROR) << "Ignore duplicated option '" << (short_key == '\0' ? '-' : short_key) << "' '" << long_key << "'";
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Ignore duplicate option '" << (short_key == '\0' ? '-' : short_key) << "' '" << long_key << "'";
     }
   }
   options_.push_back(Option{type, short_key, long_key.str(), description.str(), std::move(callback)});
diff --git a/tdutils/td/utils/port/detail/NativeFd.cpp b/tdutils/td/utils/port/detail/NativeFd.cpp
index 22cf1df58..779a166cc 100644
--- a/tdutils/td/utils/port/detail/NativeFd.cpp
+++ b/tdutils/td/utils/port/detail/NativeFd.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class FdSet {
     }
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
     if (fds_.count(fd) >= 1) {
-      LOG(FATAL) << "Create duplicated fd: " << fd;
+      LOG(FATAL) << "Create duplicate fd: " << fd;
     }
     fds_.insert(fd);
   }