170 lines
7.5 KiB
Markdown
170 lines
7.5 KiB
Markdown
<div align="center">
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<img src="https://github.com/addo37/AbilityBots/blob/gh-pages/images/API%20BOT-03.png?raw=true" alt="abilitybots" width="200" height="200"/>
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[](https://travis-ci.org/rubenlagus/TelegramBots)
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[](https://jitpack.io/#rubenlagus/TelegramBots)
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[](https://addo37.github.io/AbilityBots/)
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[](https://telegram.me/JavaBotsApi)
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[](https://ghit.me/repo/rubenlagus/TelegramBots)
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</div>
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Usage
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-----
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**Maven**
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```xml
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.telegram</groupId>
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<artifactId>telegrambots-abilities</artifactId>
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<version>4.4.0</version>
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</dependency>
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```
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**Gradle**
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```gradle
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compile "org.telegram:telegrambots-abilities:4.4.0"
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```
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**JitPack** - [JitPack](https://jitpack.io/#rubenlagus/TelegramBots/v4.4.0)
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**Plain imports** - [Here](https://github.com/rubenlagus/TelegramBots/releases/tag/v4.4.0)
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Motivation
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----------
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Ever since I've started programming bots for Telegram, I've been using the Telegram Bot Java API. It's a basic and nicely done API that is a 1-to-1 translation of the HTTP API exposed by Telegram.
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Dealing with a basic API has its advantages and disadvantages. Obviously, there's nothing hidden. If it's there on Telegram, it's here in the Java API.
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When you want to implement a feature in your bot, you start asking these questions:
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* The **WHO**?
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* Who is going to use this feature? Should they be allowed to use all the features?
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* The **WHAT**?
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* Under what conditions should I allow this feature?
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* Should the message have a photo? A document? Oh, maybe a callback query?
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* The **HOW**?
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* If my bot crashes, how can I resume my operation?
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* Should I utilize a DB?
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* How can I separate logic execution of different features?
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* How can I unit-test my feature outside of Telegram?
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Every time you write a command or a feature, you will need to answer these questions and ensure that your feature logic works.
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Ability Bot Abstraction
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-----------------------
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After implementing my fifth bot using that API, I had had it with the amount of **boilerplate code** that was needed for every added feature. Methods were getting overly-complex and readability became subpar.
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That is where the notion of another layer of abstraction (AbilityBot) began taking shape.
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The AbilityBot abstraction defines a new object, named **Ability**. An ability combines conditions, flags, action, post-action and replies.
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As an example, here is a code-snippet of an ability that creates a ***/hello*** command:
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```java
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public Ability sayHelloWorld() {
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return Ability
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.builder()
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.name("hello")
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.info("says hello world!")
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.input(0)
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.locality(USER)
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.privacy(ADMIN)
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.action(ctx -> sender.send("Hello world!", ctx.chatId()))
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.post(ctx -> sender.send("Bye world!", ctx.chatId()))
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.build();
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}
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```
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Here is a breakdown of the above code snippet:
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* *.name()* - the name of the ability (essentially, this is the command)
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* *.info()* - provides information for the command
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* More on this later, but it basically centralizes command information in-code.
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* *.input()* - the number of input arguments needed, 0 is for do-not-care
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* *.locality()* - this answers where you want the ability to be available
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* In GROUP, USER private chats or ALL (both)
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* *.privacy()* - this answers who you want to access your ability
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* CREATOR, ADMIN, or everyone as PUBLIC
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* *.action()* - the feature logic resides here (a lambda function that takes a *MessageContext*)
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* *MessageContext* provides fast accessors for the **chatId**, **user** and the underlying **update**. It also conforms to the specifications of the basic API.
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* *.post()* - the logic executed **after** your main action finishes execution
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The following is a snippet of how this would look like with the plain basic API.
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```java
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@Override
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public void onUpdateReceived(Update update) {
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// Global checks...
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// Switch, if, logic to route to hello world method
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// Execute method
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}
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public void sayHelloWorld(Update update) {
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if (!update.hasMessage() || !update.getMessage().isUserMessage() || !update.getMessage().hasText() || update.getMessage.getText().isEmpty())
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return;
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User maybeAdmin = update.getMessage().getFrom();
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/* Query DB for if the user is an admin, can be SQL, Reddis, Ignite, etc...
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If user is not an admin, then return here.
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*/
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SendMessage snd = new SendMessage();
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snd.setChatId(update.getMessage().getChatId());
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snd.setText("Hello world!");
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try {
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sendMessage(snd);
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} catch (TelegramApiException e) {
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BotLogger.error("Could not send message", TAG, e);
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}
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}
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```
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I will leave you the choice to decide between the two snippets as to which is more **readable**, **writable** and **testable**.
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***You can do so much more with abilities, besides plain commands. Head over to our [examples](#examples) to check out all of its features!***
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Objective
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---------
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The AbilityBot abstraction intends to provide the following:
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* New feature is a new **Ability**, a new method - no fuss, zero overhead, no cross-code with other features
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* Argument length on a command is as easy as changing a single integer
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* Privacy settings per Ability - access levels to Abilities! User | Admin | Creator
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* Embedded database - available for every declared ability
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* Proxy sender interface - enhances testability; accurate results pre-release
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Alongside these exciting core features of the AbilityBot, the following have been introduced:
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* The bot automatically maintains an up-to-date set of all the users who have contacted the bot
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* up-to-date: if a user changes their Username, First Name or Last Name, the bot updates the respective field in the embedded-DB
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* Backup and recovery for the DB
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* Default implementation relies on JSON/Jackson
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* Ban and unban users from accessing your bots
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* The bot will execute the shortest path to discard the update the next time they try to spam
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* Promote and demote users as bot administrators
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* Allows admins to execute admin abilities
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What's next?
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------------
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I am looking forward to:
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* Provide a trigger to record metrics per ability
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* Implement AsyncAbility
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* Maintain integration with the latest updates on the basic API
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* Enrich the bot with features requested by the community
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Examples
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-------------------
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* [Example Bots](https://github.com/addo37/ExampleBots)
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Do you have a project that uses **AbilityBots**? Let us know!
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Support
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-------
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For issues and features, please use GitHub's [issues](https://github.com/rubenlagus/TelegramBots/issues) tab.
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For quick feedback, chatting or just having fun, please come and join us in our Telegram Supergroup.
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[](https://telegram.me/JavaBotsApi)
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Credits
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-------
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This project would not have been made possible had it not been for [Ruben](https://github.com/rubenlagus)'s work with the [Telegram Bot Java API](https://github.com/rubenlagus/TelegramBots).
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I strongly urge you to check out that project and implement a bot to have a sense of how the basic API feels like.
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Ruben has done a great job in supplying a clear and straightforward API that conforms to Telegram's HTTP API.
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There is also a chat for that API. |