Motivation:
HTTP/2 codec was implemented in master branch.
Since, master is not yet stable and will be some time before it gets released, backporting it to 4.1, enables people to use the codec with a stable netty version.
Modification:
The code has been copied from master branch as is, with minor modifications to suit the `ChannelHandler` API in 4.x.
Apart from that change, there are two backward incompatible API changes included, namely,
- Added an abstract method:
`public abstract Map.Entry<CharSequence, CharSequence> forEachEntry(EntryVisitor<CharSequence> visitor)
throws Exception;`
to `HttpHeaders` and implemented the same in `DefaultHttpHeaders` as a delegate to the internal `TextHeader` instance.
- Added a method:
`FullHttpMessage copy(ByteBuf newContent);`
in `FullHttpMessage` with the implementations copied from relevant places in the master branch.
- Added missing abstract method related to setting/adding short values to `HttpHeaders`
Result:
HTTP/2 codec can be used with netty 4.1
Motivation:
HttpContentDecoder had the following issues:
- For chunked content, the decoder set invalid "Content-Length" header
with length of the first decoded chunk.
- Decoding of FullHttpRequests put both the original conent and decoded
content into output. As result, using HttpObjectAggregator before the
decoder lead to errors.
- Requests with "Expect: 100-continue" header were not acknowleged:
the decoder didn't pass the header message down the handler's chain
until content is received. If client expected "100 Continue" response,
deadlock happened.
Modification:
- Invalid "Content-Length" header is removed; handlers down the chain can either
rely on LastHttpContent message or ask HttpObjectAggregator to add the header.
- FullHttpRequest is split into HttpRequest and HttpContent (decoded) parts.
- Header (HttpRequest) part of request is sent down the chain as soon as it's received.
Result:
The issues are fixed, unittest is added.
Motivation:
Pull request for RFC6265 support had some unused flag first in ClientCookieDecoder.
Modification:
Remove unused flag first.
Result:
Cleaner code.
Motivation:
Rfc6265Client/ServerCookieEncoder is a better replacement of the old
Client/ServerCookieEncoder, and thus there's no point of keeping both.
Modifications:
- Remove the old Client/ServerCookieEncoder
- Remove the 'Rfc6265' prefix from the new cookie encoder/decoder
classes
- Deprecate CookieDecoder
Result:
We have much better cookie encoder/decoder implementation now.
Motivation:
Currently Netty supports a weird implementation of RFC 2965.
First, this RFC has been deprecated by RFC 6265 and nobody on the
internet use this format.
Then, there's a confusion between client side and server side encoding
and decoding.
Typically, clients should only send name=value pairs.
This PR introduces RFC 6265 support, but keeps on supporting RFC 2965 in
the sense that old unused fields are simply ignored, and Cookie fields
won't be populated. Deprecated fields are comment, commentUrl, version,
discard and ports.
It also provides a mechanism for safe server-client-server roundtrip, as
User-Agents are not supposed to interpret cookie values but return them
as-is (e.g. if Set-Cookie contained a quoted value, it should be sent
back in the Cookie header in quoted form too).
Also, there are performance gains to be obtained by not allocating the
attribute name Strings, as we only want to match them to find which POJO
field to populate.
Modifications:
- New RFC6265ClientCookieEncoder/Decoder and
RFC6265ServerCookieEncoder/Decoder pairs that live alongside old
CookieEncoder/Decoder pair to not break backward compatibility.
- New Cookie.rawValue field, used for lossless server-client-server
roundtrip.
Result:
RFC 6265 support.
Clean separation of client and server side.
Decoder performance gain:
Benchmark Mode Samples Score Error
Units
parseOldClientDecoder thrpt 20 2070169,228 ± 105044,970
ops/s
parseRFC6265ClientDecoder thrpt 20 2954015,476 ± 126670,633
ops/s
This commit closes#3221 and #1406.
Motivation:
HttpPostMultipartRequestDecoder threw an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
when trying to decode Content-Disposition header with filename
containing ';' or protected \\".
See issue #3326 and #3327.
Modifications:
Added splitMultipartHeaderValues method which cares about quotes, and
use it in splitMultipartHeader method, instead of StringUtils.split.
Result:
Filenames can contain semicolons and protected \\".
Motivation:
HttpResponseStaus, HttpMethod and HttpVersion have methods that return
AsciiString. There's no need for object-to-string conversion.
Modifications:
Use codeAsText(), name(), text() instead of setInt() and setObject()
Result:
Efficiency
Motivation:
The SpdyHttpDecoder was modified to support pushed resources that are
divided into multiple frames. The decoder accepts a pushed
SpdySynStreamFrame containing the request headers, followed by a
SpdyHeadersFrame containing the response headers.
Modifications:
This commit modifies the SpdyHttpEncoder so that it encodes pushed
resources in a format that the SpdyHttpDecoder can decode. The encoder
will accept an HttpRequest object containing the request headers,
followed by an HttpResponse object containing the response headers.
Result:
The SpdyHttpEncoder will create a SpdySynStreamFrame followed by a
SpdyHeadersFrame when sending pushed resources.
Motivations:
It seems that slicing a buffer and using this slice to write to CTX will
decrease the initial refCnt to 0, while the original buffer is not yet
fully used (not empty).
Modifications:
As suggested in the ticket and tested, when the currentBuffer is sliced
since it will still be used later on, the currentBuffer is retained.
Add a test case for this issue.
Result:
The currentBuffer still has its correct refCnt when reaching the last
write (not sliced) of 1 and therefore will be released correctly.
The exception does no more occur.
This fix should be applied to all branches >= 4.0.
When handling an oversized message, HttpObjectAggregator does not wait
until the last chunk is received to produce the failed message, making
AggregatedFullHttpMessage.trailingHeaders() return null.
Related: #3019
Motivation:
We have multiple (Full)HttpRequest/Response implementations and only
some of them implements toString() properly.
Modifications:
- Add the reusable string converter for HttpMessages to HttpMessageUtil
- Implement toString() of (Full)HttpRequest/Response implementations
properly using HttpMessageUtil
Result:
Prettier string representation is returned by HttpMessage
implementations.
Motivation:
Even if its against the HTTP RFC there are situations where it may be useful to use other chars then US_ASCII in the headers. We should allow to make it possible by allow the user to override the how headers are encoded.
Modifications:
- Add encodeHeaders(...) method and so allow to override it.
Result:
It's now possible to encode headers with other charset then US_ASCII by just extend the encoder and override the encodeHeaders(...) method.
Motivation:
HEAD requests will have a Content-Length set that doesn't match the
actual length. So we only want to set Content-Length header if it isn't
already set.
Modifications:
If check around setting the Content-Length.
Result:
A HEAD request will no correctly return the specified Content-Length
instead of the body length.
Modifications:
Converted AsciiString into a String by calling toString() method before comparing with equals(). Also added a unit-test to show that it works.
Result:
Major violation is gone. Code is correct.
Motivation:
without this check then given a URI with path /path the resulting URL will be /path?null=
Modifications:
check that getRawQuery doesn't return null and only append if not
Result:
urls of the form /path will not have a null?= appended
Motivations:
The chunkSize might be oversized after comparison (size being > of int
capacity) if file size is bigger than an integer.
Modifications:
Change it to long.
Result:
There is no more int oversized.
Same fix for 4.1 and Master
Motivation:
The new Headers interface contains methods to getTimeMillis but no add/set/contains variants. These should be added for consistency.
Modifications:
- Add three new methods: addTimeMillis, setTimeMillis, containsTimeMillis to the Headers interface.
- Add a new method to the Headers.ValueConverter interface: T convertTimeMillis(long)
- Bring these new interfaces up the class hierarchy
Result:
All Headers classes have setters/getters for timeMillis.
Related: #3157
Motivation:
It should be convenient to have an easy way to classify an
HttpResponseStatus based on the first digit of the HTTP status code, as
defined in the RFC 2616:
- Information 1xx
- Success 2xx
- Redirection 3xx
- Client Error 4xx
- Server Error 5xx
Modification:
- Add HttpStatusClass
- Add HttpResponseStatus.codeClass() that returns the class of the HTTP
status code
Result:
It's easier to determine the class of an HTTP status
Motivation:
I found myself writing AsciiString constants in my code for
response statuses and thought that perhaps it might be nice to have
them defined by Netty instead.
Modifications:
Adding codeAsText to HttpResponseStatus that returns the status code as
AsciiText.
In addition, added the 421 Misdirected Request response code from
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-http2-15#section-9.1.2
This response header was renamed in draft 15:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-http2-15#appendix-A.1
But the code itself was not changed, and I thought using the latest would
be better.
Result:
It is now possible to specify a status like this:
new DefaultHttp2Headers().status(HttpResponseStatus.OK.codeAsText());
Motivation:
Found performance issues via FindBugs and PMD.
Modifications:
- Removed unnecessary boxing/unboxing operations in DefaultTextHeaders.convertToInt(CharSequence) and DefaultTextHeaders.convertToLong(CharSequence). A boxed primitive is created from a string, just to extract the unboxed primitive value.
- Added a static modifier for DefaultHttp2Connection.ParentChangedEvent class. This class is an inner class, but does not use its embedded reference to the object which created it. This reference makes the instances of the class larger, and may keep the reference to the creator object alive longer than necessary.
- Added a static compiled Pattern to avoid compile it each time it is used when we need to replace some part of authority.
- Improved using of StringBuilders.
Result:
Performance improvements.
Motivation:
The SPDY/3.1 spec does not adequate describe how to push resources
from the server. This was solidified in the HTTP/2 drafts by dividing
the push into two frames, a PushPromise containing the request,
followed by a Headers frame containing the response.
Modifications:
This commit modifies the SpdyHttpDecoder to support pushed resources
that are divided into multiple frames. The decoder will accept a
pushed SpdySynStreamFrame containing the request headers, followed by
a SpdyHeadersFrame containing the response headers.
Result:
The SpdyHttpDecoder will create an HttpRequest object followed by an
HttpResponse object when receiving pushed resources.
Motivation:
RFC 2616, 4.3 Message Body states that:
All 1xx (informational), 204 (no content), and 304 (not modified) responses MUST NOT include a
message-body. All other responses do include a message-body, although it MAY be of zero length.
Modifications:
HttpContentEncoder was previously modified to cater for HTTP 100 responses. This check is enhanced to
include HTTP 204 and 304 responses.
Result:
Empty response bodies will not be modified to include the compression footer. This footer messed with Chrome's
response parsing leading to "hanging" requests.
Motivation:
HttpObjectDecoder extended ReplayDecoder which is slightly slower then ByteToMessageDecoder.
Modifications:
- Changed super class of HttpObjectDecoder from ReplayDecoder to ByteToMessageDecoder.
- Rewrote decode() method of HttpObjectDecoder to use proper state machine.
- Changed private methods HeaderParser.parse(ByteBuf), readHeaders(ByteBuf) and readTrailingHeaders(ByteBuf), skipControlCharacters(ByteBuf) to consider available bytes.
- Set HeaderParser and LineParser as static inner classes.
- Replaced not safe actualReadableBytes() with buffer.readableBytes().
Result:
Improved performance of HttpObjectDecoder by approximately 177%.
Motiviation:
The HttpContentEncoder does not account for a EmptyLastHttpContent being provided as input. This is useful in situations where the client is unable to determine if the current content chunk is the last content chunk (i.e. a proxy forwarding content when transfer encoding is chunked).
Modifications:
- HttpContentEncoder should not attempt to compress empty HttpContent objects
Result:
HttpContentEncoder supports a EmptyLastHttpContent to terminate the response.
Motivation:
Headers has getTimeMillis(), not getDate()
Modification:
- Replace HttpHeaders.getDate() with getTimeMillis() so that migration
is smoother
Result:
User code which accesses a date header is easier to migrate
Motivation:
The commit 50e06442c3 changed the type of
the constants in HttpHeaders.Names and HttpHeaders.Values, making 4.1
backward-incompatible with 4.0.
It also introduces newer utility classes such as HttpHeaderUtil, which
deprecates most static methods in HttpHeaders. To ease the migration
between 4.1 and 5.0, we should deprecate all static methods that are
non-existent in 5.0, and provide proper counterpart.
Modification:
- Revert the changes in HttpHeaders.Names and Values
- Deprecate all static methods in HttpHeaders in favor of:
- HttpHeaderUtil
- the member methods of HttpHeaders
- AsciiString
- Add integer and date access methods to HttpHeaders for easier future
migration to 5.0
- Add HttpHeaderNames and HttpHeaderValues which provide standard HTTP
constants in AsciiString
- Deprecate HttpHeaders.Names and Values
- Make HttpHeaderValues.WEBSOCKET lowercased because it's actually
lowercased in all WebSocket versions but the oldest one
- Add RtspHeaderNames and RtspHeaderValues which provide standard RTSP
constants in AsciiString
- Deprecate RtspHeaders.*
- Do not use AsciiString.equalsIgnoreCase(CharSeq, CharSeq) if one of
the parameters are AsciiString
- Avoid using AsciiString.toString() repetitively
- Change the parameter type of some methods from String to
CharSequence
Result:
Backward compatibility is recovered. New classes and methods will make
the migration to 5.0 easier, once (Http|Rtsp)Header(Names|Values) are
ported to master.
Motivation:
The header class hierarchy and algorithm was improved on the master branch for versions 5.x. These improvments should be backported to the 4.1 baseline.
Modifications:
- cherry-pick the following commits from the master branch: 2374e17, 36b4157, 222d258
Result:
Header improvements in master branch are available in 4.1 branch.
Motivation:
The requirement for the masking of frames and for checks of correct
masking in the websocket specifiation have a large impact on performance.
While it is mandatory for browsers to use masking there are other
applications (like IPC protocols) that want to user websocket framing and proxy-traversing
characteristics without the overhead of masking. The websocket standard
also mentions that the requirement for mask verification on server side
might be dropped in future.
Modifications:
Added an optional parameter allowMaskMismatch for the websocket decoder
that allows a server to also accept unmasked frames (and clients to accept
masked frames).
Allowed to set this option through the websocket handshaker
constructors as well as the websocket client and server handlers.
The public API for existing components doesn't change, it will be
forwarded to functions which implicetly set masking as required in the
specification.
For websocket clients an additional parameter is added that allows to
disable the masking of frames that are sent by the client.
Result:
This update gives netty users the ability to create and use completely
unmasked websocket connections in addition to the normal masked channels
that the standard describes.
Motivation:
At the moment the whole HTTP header must be parsed at once which can lead to multiple parsing of the same bytes. We can do better here and allow to parse it in multiple steps.
Modifications:
- Not parse headers multiple times
- Simplify the code
- Eliminate uncessary String[] creations
- Use readSlice(...).retain() when possible.
Result:
Performance improvements as shown in the included benchmark below.
Before change:
[nmaurer@xxx]~% ./wrk-benchmark
Running 2m test @ http://xxx:8080/plaintext
16 threads and 256 connections
Thread Stats Avg Stdev Max +/- Stdev
Latency 21.55ms 15.10ms 245.02ms 90.26%
Req/Sec 196.33k 30.17k 297.29k 76.03%
373954750 requests in 2.00m, 50.15GB read
Requests/sec: 3116466.08
Transfer/sec: 427.98MB
After change:
[nmaurer@xxx]~% ./wrk-benchmark
Running 2m test @ http://xxx:8080/plaintext
16 threads and 256 connections
Thread Stats Avg Stdev Max +/- Stdev
Latency 20.91ms 36.79ms 1.26s 98.24%
Req/Sec 206.67k 21.69k 243.62k 94.96%
393071191 requests in 2.00m, 52.71GB read
Requests/sec: 3275971.50
Transfer/sec: 449.89MB
Motivation:
The 4.1.0-Beta3 implementation of HttpObjectAggregator.handleOversizedMessage closes the
connection if the client sent oversized chunked data with no Expect:
100-continue header. This causes a broken pipe or "connection reset by
peer" error in some clients (tested on Firefox 31 OS X 10.9.5,
async-http-client 1.8.14).
This part of the HTTP 1.1 spec (below) seems to say that in this scenario the connection
should not be closed (unless the intention is to be very strict about
how data should be sent).
http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec8.html
"If an origin server receives a request that does not include an
Expect request-header field with the "100-continue" expectation,
the request includes a request body, and the server responds
with a final status code before reading the entire request body
from the transport connection, then the server SHOULD NOT close
the transport connection until it has read the entire request,
or until the client closes the connection. Otherwise, the client
might not reliably receive the response message. However, this
requirement is not be construed as preventing a server from
defending itself against denial-of-service attacks, or from
badly broken client implementations."
Modifications:
Change HttpObjectAggregator.handleOversizedMessage to close the
connection only if keep-alive is off and Expect: 100-continue is
missing. Update test to reflect the change.
Result:
Broken pipe and connection reset errors on the client are avoided when
oversized data is sent.
Related: #2983
Motivation:
It is a well known idiom to write an empty buffer and add a listener to
its future to close a channel when the last byte has been written out:
ChannelFuture f = channel.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.EMPTY_BUFFER);
f.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
When HttpObjectEncoder is in the pipeline, this still works, but it
silently raises an IllegalStateException, because HttpObjectEncoder does
not allow writing a ByteBuf when it is expecting an HttpMessage.
Modifications:
- Handle an empty ByteBuf specially in HttpObjectEncoder, so that
writing an empty buffer does not fail even if the pipeline contains an
HttpObjectEncoder
- Add a test
Result:
An exception is not triggered anymore by HttpObjectEncoder, when a user
attempts to write an empty buffer.
Motivation:
Currently, when the CorsHandler processes a preflight request, or
respondes with an 403 Forbidden using the short-curcuit option, the
HttpRequest is not released which leads to a buffer leak.
Modifications:
Releasing the HttpRequest when done processing a preflight request or
responding with an 403.
Result:
Using the CorsHandler will not cause buffer leaks.
Motivation
Issue #3004 shows that "=" character was not supported as it should in
the HttpPostRequestDecoder in form-data boundary.
Modifications:
Add 2 methods in StringUtil
- split with maxPart argument: String split with max parts only (to prevent multiple '='
to be source of extra split while not needed)
- substringAfter: String part after delimiter (since first part is not
needed)
Use those methods in HttpPostRequestDecoder.
Change and the HttpPostRequestDecoderTest to check using a boundary
beginning with "=".
Results:
The fix implies more stability and fix the issue.
Related issue: #1133
Motivation:
There is no support for client socket connections via a proxy server in
Netty.
Modifications:
- Add a new module 'handler-proxy'
- Add ProxyHandler and its subclasses to support SOCKS 4a/5 and HTTP(S)
proxy connections
- Add a full parameterized test for most scenarios
- Clean up pom.xml
Result:
A user can make an outgoing connection via proxy servers with only
trivial effort.
Motivation:
There's no way for a user to get the encoder and the decoder of an
HttpClientCodec. The lack of such getter methods makes it impossible to
remove the codec handlers from the pipeline correctly.
For example, a user could add more than one HttpClientCodec to the
pipeline, and then the user cannot easily decide which encoder and
decoder to remove.
Modifications:
- Add encoder() and decoder() method to HttpClientCodec which returns
HttpRequestEncoder and HttpResponseDecoder respectively
- Also made the same changes to HttpServerCodec
Result:
A user can distinguish the handlers added by multiple HttpClientCodecs
easily.
Motivation:
Websocket clients can request to speak a specific subprotocol. The list of
subprotocols the client understands are sent to the server. The server
should select one of the protocols an reply this with the websocket
handshake response. The added code verifies that the reponded subprotocol
is valid.
Modifications:
Added verification of the subprotocol received from the server against the
subprotocol(s) that the user requests. If the user requests a subprotocol
but the server responds none or a non-requested subprotocol this is an
error and the handshake fails through an exception. If the user requests
no subprotocol but the server responds one this is also marked as an
error.
Addiontionally a getter for the WebSocketClientHandshaker in the
WebSocketClientProtocolHandler is added to enable the user of a
WebSocketClientProtocolHandler to extract the used negotiated subprotocol.
Result:
The subprotocol field which is received from a websocket server is now
properly verified on client side and clients and websocket connection
attempts will now only succeed if both parties can negotiate on a
subprotocol.
If the client sends a list of multiple possible subprotocols it can
extract the negotiated subprotocol through the added handshaker getter (WebSocketClientProtocolHandler.handshaker().actualSubprotocol()).
Motivation:
I was not fully reassured that whether everything works correctly when a websocket client receives the websocket handshake HTTP response and a websocket frame in a single ByteBuf (which can happen when the server sends a response directly or shortly after the connect). In this case some parts of the ByteBuf must be processed by HTTP decoder and the remaining by the websocket decoder.
Modification:
Adding a test that verifies that in this scenaria the handshake and the message are correctly interpreted and delivered by Netty.
Result:
One more test for Netty.
The test succeeds - No problems
Motivation:
The WebSocketClientProtocolHandshakeHandler never releases the received handshake response.
Modification:
Release the message in a finally block.
Result:
No more leak
Motivation:
The WebSocket08FrameEncoder contains an optimization path for small messages which copies the message content into the header buffer to avoid vectored writes. However this path is in the current implementation never taken because the target buffer is preallocated only for exactly the size of the header.
Modification:
For messages below a certain treshold allocate the buffer so that the message can be directly copied. Thereby the optimized path is taken.
Result:
A speedup of about 25% for 100byte messages. Declines with bigger message sizes. I have currently set the treshold to 1kB which is a point where I could still see a few percent speedup, but we should also avoid burning too many CPU cycles.
Motivation:
Websocket performance is to a large account determined through the masking
and unmasking of frames. The current behavior of this in Netty can be
improved.
Modifications:
Perform the XOR operation not bytewise but in int blocks as long as
possible. This reduces the number of necessary operations by 4. Also don't
read the writerIndex in each iteration.
Added a unit test for websocket decoding and encoding for verifiation.
Result:
A large performance gain (up to 50%) in websocket throughput.
Motivation:
According to the websocket specification peers may send a close frame when
they detect a protocol violation (with status code 1002). The current
implementation simply closes the connection. This update should add this
functionality. The functionality is optional - but it might help other
implementations with debugging when they receive such a frame.
Modification:
When a protocol violation in the decoder is detected and a close was not
already initiated by the remote peer a close frame is
sent.
Result:
Remotes which will send an invalid frame will now get a close frame that
indicates the protocol violation instead of only seeing a closed
connection.
Motivation:
Sometimes it is useful to be able to access the uri that was used to initialize the QueryStringDecoder.
Modifications:
Add method which allows to retrieve the uri.
Result:
Allow to retrieve the uri that was used to create the QueryStringDecoder.
Motiviation:
The HTTP content decoder's cleanup method is not cleaning up the decoder correctly.
The cleanup method is currently doing a readOutbound on the EmbeddedChannel but
for decoding the call should be readInbound.
Modifications:
-Change readOutbound to readInbound in the cleanup method
Result:
The cleanup method should be correctly releaseing unused resources
Motivation:
Currently we do more memory copies then needed.
Modification:
- Directly use heap buffers to reduce memory copy
- Correctly release buffers to fix buffer leak
Result:
Less memory copies and no leaks
