Motivation:
97361fa2c8 replace synchronized with ConcurrentHashMap in *Bootstrap classes but missed to do the same for the Http2 variant.
Modifications:
- Use ConcurrentHashMap
- Simplify code in *Bootstrap classes
Result:
Less contention
Motivation:
We use the onStreamClosed(...) callback to return unconsumed bytes back to the window of the connection when needed. When this happens we will write a window update frame but not automatically call ctx.flush(). As the user has no insight into this it could in the worst case result in a "deadlock" as the frame is never written out ot the socket.
Modifications:
- If onStreamClosed(...) produces a window update frame call ctx.flush()
- Add unit test
Result:
No stales possible due unflushed window update frames produced by onStreamClosed(...) when not all bytes were consumed before the stream was closed
Motivation:
We can make use of EmbeddedChannel.finishAndReleaseAll() and so remove some code
Modifications:
Use finishAndReleaseAll()
Result:
Less code to maintain
Motivation:
At the moment we send a window update frame for the connection + stream when a stream is closed and there are unconsumed bytes left. While we need to do this for the connection it makes no sense to write a window update frame for the stream itself as it is already closed
Modifications:
- Don't write the window update frame for the stream when the stream is closed
- Add unit test
Result:
Don't write the window frame for closed streams
Motivation:
Http2ConnectionHandler tries to guard against sending multiple RST frames for the same stream. Unfortunally the code is not 100 % correct as it only updates the state after it calls write. This may lead to the situation of have an extra RST frame slip through if the second write for the RST frame is done from a listener that is attached to the promise.
Modifications:
- Update state before calling write
- Add unit test
Result:
Only ever send one RST frame per stream
Motivation:
There is an intrinsic race between a local session resetting a stream
and the peer no longer sending any frames. This can result in the
session receiving frames for a stream that the local peer no longer
tracks. This results in a StreamException being thrown which triggers a
RST_STREAM frame, which is a good thing, but also logging at level WARN,
which is noisy for an expected and benign condition.
Modification:
Change the log level to DEBUG when logging stream errors with code
STREAM_CLOSED. All others are more interesting and will continue to be
logged at level WARN.
Additionally, it was found that DATA frames for streams that could not
have existed only resulted in a StreamException when the spec is clear
that such a situation should be fatal to the connection, resulting in a
GOAWAY(PROTOCOL_ERROR).
Fixes#8025.
Motivation:
Padding was removed from CONTINUATION frame in http2-spec, as showed in [PR](https://github.com/http2/http2-spec/pull/510). We should follow it.
Modifications:
- Remove padding when writing CONTINUATION frame in DefaultHttp2FrameWriter
- Add a unit test for writing large header with padding
Result:
More spec-compliant
Motivation:
The javadocs of Http2Headers.method(...) are incorrect, we should fix these.
Modifications:
Correct javadocs
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/8068.
Motivation:
Netty HTTP/2 implementation is not 100% compliant to the spec. This
commit improves the compliance regarding headers validation,
in particular pseudo-headers and connection ones.
According to the spec:
All HTTP/2 requests MUST include exactly one valid value for the
":method", ":scheme", and ":path" pseudo-header fields, unless it is
a CONNECT request (Section 8.3). An HTTP request that omits
mandatory pseudo-header fields is malformed (Section 8.1.2.6).
Modifications:
- Introduce Http2HeadersValidator class capable of validating HTTP/2
headers
- Invoke validation from DefaultHttp2ConnectionDecoder#onHeadersRead
- Modify tests to use valid headers when required
- Modify HttpConversionUtil#toHttp2Headers to not add :scheme and
:path header on CONNECT method in order to conform to the spec
Result:
- Initial requests without :method, :path, :scheme will fail
- Initial requests with multiple values for :method, :path, :scheme
will fail
- Initial requests with an empty :path fail
- Requests with connection-specific header field will fail
- Requests with TE header different than "trailers" will fail
-
- Fixes 8.1.2.2 tests from h2spec #5761
- Fixes 8.1.2.3 tests from h2spec #5761
Motivation:
Constant time comparison functions are used to compare HTTP/2 header
values, even if they are not sensitive.
Modification:
After checking for sensitivity, use fast comparison.
Result: Faster HPACK table reads/writes
Motivation:
We may fail to update the flow-controller and in this case need to notify the stream channel and close it.
Modifications:
Attach a future to the write of the update frame and in case of a failure propagate it to the channel and close it
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/9663
Motivation:
bbc34d0eda introduced correct handling of "in process" setup of streams but there is some room for improvements. Often the writeHeaders(...) is completed directly which means there is not need to create the extra listener object.
Modifications:
- Only create the listener if we really need too.
Result:
Less GC
Motivation:
In https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/8692, `Http2FrameCodec` was
updated to keep track of all "being initialized" streams, allocating
memory before initialization begins, and releasing memory after
initialization completes successfully.
In some instances where stream initialization fails (e.g. because this
connection has received a GOAWAY frame), this memory is never released.
Modifications:
This change updates the `Http2FrameCodec` to use a separate promise
for monitoring the success of sending HTTP2 headers. When sending of
headers fails, we now make sure to release memory allocated for stream
initialization.
Result:
After this change, failures in writing HTTP2 Headers (e.g. because this
connection has received a GOAWAY frame) will no longer leak memory.
Motivation:
Http2MultiplexCodec extends Http2FrameCodec extends Http2ConnectionHandler. It appears Http2MultiplexCodec overrode the channelWritabilityChanged method, which prevented the flow controller from becoming active. In the case the parent channel becomes unwritable, and then later becomes writable, it needs to indicate that the child channels can still write data. This is slightly confusing, because the child channels may still themselves be unwritable, but should still drain their data to the parent channel.
Modification:
Still propagate writability changes to the HTTP/2 flow controller
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/9636
Motivation:
Native image compilation is failing without extra flags:
```
Warning: Aborting stand-alone image build. No instances of io.netty.buffer.UnpooledHeapByteBuf are allowed in the image heap as this class should be initialized at image runtime. Object has been initialized by the io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2ConnectionHandler class initializer with a trace:
at io.netty.buffer.Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(Unpooled.java:157)
at io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2ConnectionHandler.<clinit>(Http2ConnectionHandler.java:74)
. To fix the issue mark io.netty.buffer.UnpooledHeapByteBuf for build-time initialization with --initialize-at-build-time=io.netty.buffer.UnpooledHeapByteBuf or use the the information from the trace to find the culprit and --initialize-at-run-time=<culprit> to prevent its instantiation.
Detailed message:
Trace: object io.netty.buffer.ReadOnlyByteBuf
object io.netty.buffer.UnreleasableByteBuf
method io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2ConnectionHandler.access$500()
Call path from entry point to io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2ConnectionHandler.access$500():
at io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2ConnectionHandler.access$500(Http2ConnectionHandler.java:66)
at io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2ConnectionHandler$PrefaceDecoder.readClientPrefaceString(Http2ConnectionHandler.java:299)
at io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2ConnectionHandler$PrefaceDecoder.decode(Http2ConnectionHandler.java:239)
at io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2ConnectionHandler.decode(Http2ConnectionHandler.java:438)
at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.decodeRemovalReentryProtection(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:505)
at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:444)
at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:283)
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:374)
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.access$600(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:56)
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext$7.run(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:365)
at com.oracle.svm.core.jdk.RuntimeSupport.executeHooks(RuntimeSupport.java:144)
at com.oracle.svm.core.jdk.RuntimeSupport.executeStartupHooks(RuntimeSupport.java:89)
at com.oracle.svm.core.JavaMainWrapper.runCore(JavaMainWrapper.java:143)
at com.oracle.svm.core.JavaMainWrapper.run(JavaMainWrapper.java:186)
at com.oracle.svm.core.code.IsolateEnterStub.JavaMainWrapper_run_5087f5482cc9a6abc971913ece43acb471d2631b(generated:0)
```
Modification:
Add `io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2ConnectionHandler` for runtime compilation, as the buffer library's `io.netty.buffer.UnpooledHeapByteBuf` is also marked for runtime.
Result:
Native image compilation works again.
Motivation:
`DefaultHttp2UnknownFrame#equals` may produce NPE due to
incorrect comparison of `stream` field.
Modification:
- Fix the `stream` field compare.
- Cleanup usage of class fields: use direct access instead of getters
(because the class is final).
Result:
No NPE in `equals` method.
Motivation:
Classes `AbstractHttp2StreamChannel.Http2StreamChannelConfig`
and `DnsNameResolver.AddressedEnvelopeAdapter` may be static:
it doesn't reference its enclosing instance.
Modification:
Add `static` modifier.
Result:
Prevents a possible memory leak and uses less memory per class instance.
Motivation:
At the moment we use Unpooled.buffer(...) in InboundHttp2ToHttpAdapter when we need to do a copy of the message. We should better use the configured ByteBufAllocator for the Channel
Modifications:
Change internal interface to also take the ByteBufAllocator as argument and use it when we need to allocate a ByteBuf.
Result:
Use the "correct" ByteBufAllocator in InboundHttp2ToHttpAdapter in all cases
Motivation:
At the moment we set release to false before we call writeData(...). This could let to the sitatuation that we will miss to release the message if writeData(...) throws. We should set release to false after we called writeData(...) to ensure the ownership of the buffer is correctly transferred.
Modifications:
- Set release to false after writeData(...) was successfully called only
Result:
No possibility for a buffer leak
Motivation:
We did miss to take Http2FrameCodecBuilder.isValidateHeaders() into account when a Http2FrameWriter was set on the builder and always assumed validation should be enabled.
Modifications:
Remove hardcode value and use configured value
Result:
Http2FrameCodecBuilder.isValidateHeaders() is respected in all cases
Motivation:
Error: Class that is marked for delaying initialization to run time got initialized during image building: io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2CodecUtil. Try marking this class for build-time initialization with --initialize-at-build-time=io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2CodecUtil
Error: Use -H:+ReportExceptionStackTraces to print stacktrace of underlying exception
Error: Image build request failed with exit status 1
Modification:
After debugging, it seems the culprit is io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2ClientUpgradeCodec, which also needs runtime initialisation.
Result:
Fixes #micronaut-projects/micronaut-grpc#8
Motivation:
Right now you can cancel the Future returned by
`Http2StreamChannelBootstrap.open()` and that will race with the
registration of the stream channel with the event loop, potentially
culminating in an `IllegalStateException` and potential resource leak.
Modification:
Ensure that the returned promise is uncancellable.
Result:
Should no longer see `IllegalStateException`s.
Motivation:
In the release (4.1.37) we introduced Http2MultiplexHandler as a
replacement of Http2MultiplexCodec. This did split the frame parsing from
the multiplexing to allow a more flexible way to handle frames and to make
the code cleaner. Unfortunally we did miss to special handle this in
Http2ClientUpgradeCodec and so did not correctly add Http2MultiplexHandler
to the pipeline before calling Http2FrameCodec.onHttpClientUpgrade(...).
This did lead to the situation that we did not correctly receive the event
on the Http2MultiplexHandler and so did not correctly created the
Http2StreamChannel for the upgrade stream. Because of this we ended up
with an NPE if a frame was dispatched to the upgrade stream later on.
Modifications:
- Correctly add Http2MultiplexHandler to the pipeline before calling Http2FrameCodec.onHttpClientUpgrade(...)
Result:
Fixes#9495.
Motivation:
Some of the links in javadoc point to the obsolete drafts of HTTP/2
specifications. We should point them to the latest RFC 7540 or 7541.
Modifications:
Update links from `draft-ietf-httpbis-*` to the `rfc7540` and `rfc7541`.
Result:
Correct links in javadoc.
Motivation:
We should better update the flow-controller on Channel.read() to reduce overhead and memory overhead.
See https://github.com/netty/netty/pull/9390#issuecomment-513008269
Modifications:
Move updateLocalWindowIfNeeded() to doBeginRead()
Result:
Reduce memory overhead
Motivation:
As we decorate the Http2FrameListener under the covers we should ensure the user can still access the original Http2FrameListener.
Modifications:
- Unwrap the Http2FrameListener in frameListener()
- Add unit test
Result:
Less suprises for users.
Motivation:
It is possible for a remote peer to flood the server / client with empty DATA frames (without end_of_stream flag) set and so cause high CPU usage without the possibility to ever hit a limit. We need to guard against this.
See CVE-2019-9518
Modifications:
- Add a new config option to AbstractHttp2ConnectionBuilder and sub-classes which allows to set the max number of consecutive empty DATA frames (without end_of_stream flag). After this limit is hit we will close the connection. A limit of 10 is used by default.
- Add unit tests
Result:
Guards against CVE-2019-9518
Motivation:
Due how http2 spec is defined it is possible by a remote peer to flood us with frames that will trigger control frames as response, the problem here is that the remote peer can also just stop reading these (while still produce more of these) and so may drive us to the pointer where we either run out of memory or burn all CPU. To protect against this we need to implement some kind of limit that will tear down connections that cause the above mentioned situation.
See CVE-2019-9512 / CVE-2019-9514 / CVE-2019-9515
Modifications:
- Add Http2ControlFrameLimitEncoder which limits the number of queued control frames that were caused because of the remote peer.
- Allow to insert ths Http2ControlFrameLimitEncoder by setting AbstractHttp2ConnectionBuilder.encoderEnforceMaxQueuedControlFrames(...) to a number higher then 0. The default is 10000 which provides some protection by default but will hopefully not cause too many false-positives.
- Add unit tests
Result:
Protect against DDOS due control frames. Fixes CVE-2019-9512 / CVE-2019-9514 / CVE-2019-9515 .
Motivation:
We should delay the firing of the Http2ConnectionPrefaceAndSettingsFrameWrittenEvent by one EventLoop tick when using the Http2FrameCodec to ensure all handlers are added to the pipeline before the event is passed through it.
This is needed to workaround a race that could happen when the preface is send in handlerAdded(...) but a later handler wants to act on the event.
Modifications:
Offload firing of the event to the EventExecutor.
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/9432.
Motivation:
306299323c introduced some code change to move the responsibility of creating the stream for the upgrade to Http2FrameCodec. Unfortunaly this lead to the situation of having newStream().setStreamAndProperty(...) be called twice. Because of this we only ever saw the channelActive(...) on Http2StreamChannel but no other events as the mapping was replaced on the second newStream().setStreamAndProperty(...) call.
Beside this we also did not use the correct handler for the upgrade stream in some cases
Modifications:
- Just remove the Http2FrameCodec.onHttpClientUpgrade() method and so let the base class handle all of it. The stream is created correctly as part of the ConnectionListener implementation of Http2FrameCodec already.
- Consolidate logic of creating stream channels
- Adjust unit test to capture the bug
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/9395
Motivation:
When using the HTTP/2 multiplex implementation we need to ensure we correctly drain the buffered inbound data even if the RecvByteBufallocator.Handle tells us to stop reading in between.
Modifications:
Correctly loop through the buffered inbound data until the user does stop to request from it.
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/9387.
Co-authored-by: Bryce Anderson <banderson@twitter.com>
Motivation:
We can easily reuse the Http2FrameStreamEvent instances and so reduce GC pressure as there may be multiple events per streams over the life-time.
Modifications:
Reuse instances
Result:
Less allocations
Motivation:
At the moment we lookup the ChannelHandlerContext used in Http2StreamChannelBootstrap each time the open(...) method is invoked. This is not needed and we can just cache it for later usage.
Modifications:
Cache ChannelHandlerContext in volatile field.
Result:
Speed up open(...) method implementation when called multiple times
Motivation:
If a read triggers a AbstractHttp2StreamChannel to close we can
get an NPE in the read loop.
Modifications:
Make sure that the inboundBuffer isn't null before attempting to
continue the loop.
Result:
No NPE.
Fixes#9337
Motivation:
The Http2FrameCodec should be responsible to create the upgrade stream.
Modifications:
Move code to create stream to Http2FrameCodec
Result:
More correct responsibility
Motivation:
Mark Http2StreamChannelBootstrap.open0(...) as deprecated as the user should not use it. It was marked as public by mistake.
Modifications:
Add deprecation warning.
Result:
User will be aware the method should not be used directly.
Motivation:
There are situations where the user may want to be more flexible when to send the PING acks for various reasons or be able to attach a listener to the future that is used for the ping ack. To be able to do so we should allow to manage the acks manually.
Modifications:
- Add constructor to DefaultHttp2ConnectionDecoder that allows to disable the automatically sending of ping acks (default is to send automatically to not break users)
- Add methods to AbstractHttp2ConnectionHandlerBuilder (and sub-classes) to either enable ot disable auto acks for pings
- Make DefaultHttp2PingFrame constructor public that allows to write acks.
- Add unit test
Result:
More flexible way of handling acks.
Motivation:
Netty homepage(netty.io) serves both "http" and "https".
It's recommended to use https than http.
Modification:
I changed from "http://netty.io" to "https://netty.io"
Result:
No effects.
Motivation:
Http2ConnectionHandler (and sub-classes) allow to configure a graceful shutdown timeout but only apply it if there is at least one active stream. We should always apply the timeout. This is also true when we try to send a GO_AWAY and close the connection because of an connection error.
Modifications:
- Always apply the timeout if one is configured
- Add unit test
Result:
Always respect gracefulShutdownTimeoutMillis
Motivation:
b3dba317d7 introduced the concept of Http2SettingsReceivedConsumer but did not correctly inplement DecoratingHttp2ConnectionEncoder.consumeRemoteSettings(...).
Modifications:
- Add missing `else` around the throws
- Add unit tests
Result:
Correctly implement DecoratingHttp2ConnectionEncoder.consumeRemoteSettings(...)
Motivation
The nice change made by @carl-mastrangelo in #9307 for lookup-table
based HPACK Huffman decoding can be simplified a little to remove the
separate flags field and eliminate some intermediate operations.
Modification
Simplify HpackHuffmanDecoder::decode logic including de-dup of the
per-nibble part.
Result
Less code, possibly better performance though not noticeable in a quick
benchmark.
Motivation:
We don't need the extra ChannelPromise when writing headers anymore in Http2FrameCodec. This also means we cal re-use a ChannelFutureListener and so not need to create new instances all the time.
Modifications:
- Just pass the original ChannelPromise when writing headers
- Reuse the ChannelFutureListener
Result:
Two less objects created when writing headers for an not-yet created stream.
Motivation:
ff0045e3e1 changed HpackHuffmanDecoder to use a lookup-table which greatly improved performance. We can squeeze out another 3% win by using an ByteProcessor which will reduce the number of bound-checks / reference-count-checks needed by processing byte-by-byte.
Modifications:
Implement logic with ByteProcessor
Result:
Another ~3% perf improvement which shows up when using h2load to simulate load.
`h2load -c 100 -m 100 --duration 60 --warm-up-time 10 http://127.0.0.1:8080`
Before:
```
finished in 70.02s, 620051.67 req/s, 20.70MB/s
requests: 37203100 total, 37203100 started, 37203100 done, 37203100 succeeded, 0 failed, 0 errored, 0 timeout
status codes: 37203100 2xx, 0 3xx, 0 4xx, 0 5xx
traffic: 1.21GB (1302108500) total, 41.84MB (43872600) headers (space savings 90.00%), 460.24MB (482598600) data
min max mean sd +/- sd
time for request: 404us 24.52ms 15.93ms 1.45ms 87.90%
time for connect: 0us 0us 0us 0us 0.00%
time to 1st byte: 0us 0us 0us 0us 0.00%
req/s : 6186.64 6211.60 6199.00 5.18 65.00%
```
With this change:
```
finished in 70.02s, 642103.33 req/s, 21.43MB/s
requests: 38526200 total, 38526200 started, 38526200 done, 38526200 succeeded, 0 failed, 0 errored, 0 timeout
status codes: 38526200 2xx, 0 3xx, 0 4xx, 0 5xx
traffic: 1.26GB (1348417000) total, 42.39MB (44444900) headers (space savings 90.00%), 466.25MB (488893900) data
min max mean sd +/- sd
time for request: 370us 24.89ms 15.52ms 1.35ms 88.02%
time for connect: 0us 0us 0us 0us 0.00%
time to 1st byte: 0us 0us 0us 0us 0.00%
req/s : 6407.06 6435.19 6419.74 5.62 67.00%
```
Motivation:
In the latest release we introduced Http2MultiplexHandler as a replacement of Http2MultiplexCodec. This did split the frame parsing from the multiplexing to allow a more flexible way to handle frames and to make the code cleaner. Unfortunally we did miss to special handle this in Http2ServerUpgradeCodec and so did not correctly add Http2MultiplexHandler to the pipeline before calling Http2FrameCodec.onHttpServerUpgrade(...). This did lead to the situation that we did not correctly receive the event on the Http2MultiplexHandler and so did not correctly created the Http2StreamChannel for the upgrade stream. Because of this we ended up with an NPE if a frame was dispatched to the upgrade stream later on.
Modifications:
- Correctly add Http2MultiplexHandler to the pipeline before calling Http2FrameCodec.onHttpServerUpgrade(...)
- Add unit test
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/9314.
Motivation:
b3dba317d7 added AbstractHttp2ConnectionBuilder.autoAckSettingsFrame(...) as protected method and made it public for Http2MultiplexCodecBuilder. Unfortunally it did miss to also make it public in Http2FrameCodecBuilder
Modifications:
Correctly override autoAckSettingsFrame in Http2FrameCodecBuilder and so make it usable when building Http2FrameCodec.
Result:
Be able to also configure autoAckSettingsFrame when Http2FrameCodec is used.
Motivation:
We should not propage Http2WindowUpdateFrames to the child channels at all as these are not really use-ful and should not be flow-controlled via `read()` anyway. In the other hand Http2ResetFrame is very useful but should be propagated via an user event so the user is aware of it directly even if the user stops reading.
Modifications:
- Dont propagate Http2WindowUpdateFrames when using Http2MultiplexHandler
- Use user event for Http2ResetFrame when using Http2MultiplexHandler
- Adjust javadoc of Http2MultiplexHandler
- Add unit tests
Result:
Fixes https://github.com/netty/netty/pull/8889 and https://github.com/netty/netty/pull/7635
