170 lines
7.5 KiB
Markdown
170 lines
7.5 KiB
Markdown
<div align="center">
|
|
<img src="https://github.com/addo37/AbilityBots/blob/gh-pages/images/API%20BOT-03.png?raw=true" alt="abilitybots" width="200" height="200"/>
|
|
|
|
[](https://travis-ci.org/rubenlagus/TelegramBots)
|
|
[](https://jitpack.io/#rubenlagus/TelegramBots)
|
|
[](https://addo37.github.io/AbilityBots/)
|
|
[](https://telegram.me/JavaBotsApi)
|
|
[](https://ghit.me/repo/rubenlagus/TelegramBots)
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
Usage
|
|
-----
|
|
|
|
**Maven**
|
|
|
|
```xml
|
|
<dependency>
|
|
<groupId>org.telegram</groupId>
|
|
<artifactId>telegrambots-abilities</artifactId>
|
|
<version>4.9</version>
|
|
</dependency>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
**Gradle**
|
|
|
|
```gradle
|
|
compile "org.telegram:telegrambots-abilities:4.9"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
**JitPack** - [JitPack](https://jitpack.io/#rubenlagus/TelegramBots/v4.9)
|
|
|
|
**Plain imports** - [Here](https://github.com/rubenlagus/TelegramBots/releases/tag/v4.9)
|
|
|
|
Motivation
|
|
----------
|
|
Ever since I've started programming bots for Telegram, I've been using the Telegram Bot Java API. It's a basic and nicely done API that is a 1-to-1 translation of the HTTP API exposed by Telegram.
|
|
|
|
Dealing with a basic API has its advantages and disadvantages. Obviously, there's nothing hidden. If it's there on Telegram, it's here in the Java API.
|
|
When you want to implement a feature in your bot, you start asking these questions:
|
|
|
|
* The **WHO**?
|
|
* Who is going to use this feature? Should they be allowed to use all the features?
|
|
* The **WHAT**?
|
|
* Under what conditions should I allow this feature?
|
|
* Should the message have a photo? A document? Oh, maybe a callback query?
|
|
* The **HOW**?
|
|
* If my bot crashes, how can I resume my operation?
|
|
* Should I utilize a DB?
|
|
* How can I separate logic execution of different features?
|
|
* How can I unit-test my feature outside of Telegram?
|
|
|
|
Every time you write a command or a feature, you will need to answer these questions and ensure that your feature logic works.
|
|
|
|
Ability Bot Abstraction
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
After implementing my fifth bot using that API, I had had it with the amount of **boilerplate code** that was needed for every added feature. Methods were getting overly-complex and readability became subpar.
|
|
That is where the notion of another layer of abstraction (AbilityBot) began taking shape.
|
|
|
|
The AbilityBot abstraction defines a new object, named **Ability**. An ability combines conditions, flags, action, post-action and replies.
|
|
As an example, here is a code-snippet of an ability that creates a ***/hello*** command:
|
|
|
|
```java
|
|
public Ability sayHelloWorld() {
|
|
return Ability
|
|
.builder()
|
|
.name("hello")
|
|
.info("says hello world!")
|
|
.input(0)
|
|
.locality(USER)
|
|
.privacy(ADMIN)
|
|
.action(ctx -> sender.send("Hello world!", ctx.chatId()))
|
|
.post(ctx -> sender.send("Bye world!", ctx.chatId()))
|
|
.build();
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
Here is a breakdown of the above code snippet:
|
|
* *.name()* - the name of the ability (essentially, this is the command)
|
|
* *.info()* - provides information for the command
|
|
* More on this later, but it basically centralizes command information in-code.
|
|
* *.input()* - the number of input arguments needed, 0 is for do-not-care
|
|
* *.locality()* - this answers where you want the ability to be available
|
|
* In GROUP, USER private chats or ALL (both)
|
|
* *.privacy()* - this answers who you want to access your ability
|
|
* CREATOR, ADMIN, or everyone as PUBLIC
|
|
* *.action()* - the feature logic resides here (a lambda function that takes a *MessageContext*)
|
|
* *MessageContext* provides fast accessors for the **chatId**, **user** and the underlying **update**. It also conforms to the specifications of the basic API.
|
|
* *.post()* - the logic executed **after** your main action finishes execution
|
|
|
|
The following is a snippet of how this would look like with the plain basic API.
|
|
|
|
```java
|
|
@Override
|
|
public void onUpdateReceived(Update update) {
|
|
// Global checks...
|
|
// Switch, if, logic to route to hello world method
|
|
// Execute method
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
public void sayHelloWorld(Update update) {
|
|
if (!update.hasMessage() || !update.getMessage().isUserMessage() || !update.getMessage().hasText() || update.getMessage.getText().isEmpty())
|
|
return;
|
|
User maybeAdmin = update.getMessage().getFrom();
|
|
/* Query DB for if the user is an admin, can be SQL, Reddis, Ignite, etc...
|
|
If user is not an admin, then return here.
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
SendMessage snd = new SendMessage();
|
|
snd.setChatId(update.getMessage().getChatId());
|
|
snd.setText("Hello world!");
|
|
|
|
try {
|
|
sendMessage(snd);
|
|
} catch (TelegramApiException e) {
|
|
BotLogger.error("Could not send message", TAG, e);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
I will leave you the choice to decide between the two snippets as to which is more **readable**, **writable** and **testable**.
|
|
|
|
***You can do so much more with abilities, besides plain commands. Head over to our [examples](#examples) to check out all of its features!***
|
|
|
|
Objective
|
|
---------
|
|
The AbilityBot abstraction intends to provide the following:
|
|
* New feature is a new **Ability**, a new method - no fuss, zero overhead, no cross-code with other features
|
|
* Argument length on a command is as easy as changing a single integer
|
|
* Privacy settings per Ability - access levels to Abilities! User | Admin | Creator
|
|
* Embedded database - available for every declared ability
|
|
* Proxy sender interface - enhances testability; accurate results pre-release
|
|
|
|
Alongside these exciting core features of the AbilityBot, the following have been introduced:
|
|
* The bot automatically maintains an up-to-date set of all the users who have contacted the bot
|
|
* up-to-date: if a user changes their Username, First Name or Last Name, the bot updates the respective field in the embedded-DB
|
|
* Backup and recovery for the DB
|
|
* Default implementation relies on JSON/Jackson
|
|
* Ban and unban users from accessing your bots
|
|
* The bot will execute the shortest path to discard the update the next time they try to spam
|
|
* Promote and demote users as bot administrators
|
|
* Allows admins to execute admin abilities
|
|
|
|
What's next?
|
|
------------
|
|
I am looking forward to:
|
|
* Provide a trigger to record metrics per ability
|
|
* Implement AsyncAbility
|
|
* Maintain integration with the latest updates on the basic API
|
|
* Enrich the bot with features requested by the community
|
|
|
|
Examples
|
|
-------------------
|
|
* [Example Bots](https://github.com/addo37/ExampleBots)
|
|
|
|
Do you have a project that uses **AbilityBots**? Let us know!
|
|
|
|
Support
|
|
-------
|
|
For issues and features, please use GitHub's [issues](https://github.com/rubenlagus/TelegramBots/issues) tab.
|
|
|
|
For quick feedback, chatting or just having fun, please come and join us in our Telegram Supergroup.
|
|
|
|
[](https://telegram.me/JavaBotsApi)
|
|
|
|
Credits
|
|
-------
|
|
This project would not have been made possible had it not been for [Ruben](https://github.com/rubenlagus)'s work with the [Telegram Bot Java API](https://github.com/rubenlagus/TelegramBots).
|
|
I strongly urge you to check out that project and implement a bot to have a sense of how the basic API feels like.
|
|
Ruben has done a great job in supplying a clear and straightforward API that conforms to Telegram's HTTP API.
|
|
There is also a chat for that API. |