Commit Graph

243 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Abhishek Madan
6bee36a786 Modify FragmentedRangeTombstoneList member layout (#4632)
Summary:
Rather than storing a `vector<RangeTombstone>`, we now store a
`vector<RangeTombstoneStack>` and a `vector<SequenceNumber>`. A
`RangeTombstoneStack` contains the start and end keys of a range tombstone
fragment, and indices into the seqnum vector to indicate which sequence
numbers the fragment is located at. The diagram below illustrates an
example:

```
tombstones_:     [a, b) [c, e) [h, k)
                   | \   /  \   /  |
                   |  \ /    \ /   |
                   v   v      v    v
tombstone_seqs_: [ 5 3 10 7 2 8 6  ]
```

This format allows binary searching the tombstone list to use less key
comparisons, which helps in cases where there are many overlapping
tombstones. Also, this format makes it easier to add DBIter-like
semantics to `FragmentedRangeTombstoneIterator` in the future.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/4632

Differential Revision: D13053103

Pulled By: abhimadan

fbshipit-source-id: e8220cc712fcf5be4d602913bb23ace8ea5f8ef0
2018-11-14 17:52:17 -08:00
Abhishek Madan
7528130e38 Cache fragmented range tombstones in BlockBasedTableReader (#4493)
Summary:
This allows tombstone fragmenting to only be performed when the table is opened, and cached for subsequent accesses.

On the same DB used in #4449, running `readrandom` results in the following:
```
readrandom   :       0.983 micros/op 1017076 ops/sec;   78.3 MB/s (63103 of 100000 found)
```

Now that Get performance in the presence of range tombstones is reasonable, I also compared the performance between a DB with range tombstones, "expanded" range tombstones (several point tombstones that cover the same keys the equivalent range tombstone would cover, a common workaround for DeleteRange), and no range tombstones. The created DBs had 5 million keys each, and DeleteRange was called at regular intervals (depending on the total number of range tombstones being written) after 4.5 million Puts. The table below summarizes the results of a `readwhilewriting` benchmark (in order to provide somewhat more realistic results):
```
   Tombstones?    | avg micros/op | stddev micros/op |  avg ops/s   | stddev ops/s
----------------- | ------------- | ---------------- | ------------ | ------------
None              |        0.6186 |          0.04637 | 1,625,252.90 | 124,679.41
500 Expanded      |        0.6019 |          0.03628 | 1,666,670.40 | 101,142.65
500 Unexpanded    |        0.6435 |          0.03994 | 1,559,979.40 | 104,090.52
1k Expanded       |        0.6034 |          0.04349 | 1,665,128.10 | 125,144.57
1k Unexpanded     |        0.6261 |          0.03093 | 1,600,457.50 |  79,024.94
5k Expanded       |        0.6163 |          0.05926 | 1,636,668.80 | 154,888.85
5k Unexpanded     |        0.6402 |          0.04002 | 1,567,804.70 | 100,965.55
10k Expanded      |        0.6036 |          0.05105 | 1,667,237.70 | 142,830.36
10k Unexpanded    |        0.6128 |          0.02598 | 1,634,633.40 |  72,161.82
25k Expanded      |        0.6198 |          0.04542 | 1,620,980.50 | 116,662.93
25k Unexpanded    |        0.5478 |          0.0362  | 1,833,059.10 | 121,233.81
50k Expanded      |        0.5104 |          0.04347 | 1,973,107.90 | 184,073.49
50k Unexpanded    |        0.4528 |          0.03387 | 2,219,034.50 | 170,984.32
```

After a large enough quantity of range tombstones are written, range tombstone Gets can become faster than reading from an equivalent DB with several point tombstones.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/4493

Differential Revision: D10842844

Pulled By: abhimadan

fbshipit-source-id: a7d44534f8120e6aabb65779d26c6b9df954c509
2018-10-25 19:26:44 -07:00
Abhishek Madan
8c78348c77 Use only "local" range tombstones during Get (#4449)
Summary:
Previously, range tombstones were accumulated from every level, which
was necessary if a range tombstone in a higher level covered a key in a lower
level. However, RangeDelAggregator::AddTombstones's complexity is based on
the number of tombstones that are currently stored in it, which is wasteful in
the Get case, where we only need to know the highest sequence number of range
tombstones that cover the key from higher levels, and compute the highest covering
sequence number at the current level. This change introduces this optimization, and
removes the use of RangeDelAggregator from the Get path.

In the benchmark results, the following command was used to initialize the database:
```
./db_bench -db=/dev/shm/5k-rts -use_existing_db=false -benchmarks=filluniquerandom -write_buffer_size=1048576 -compression_type=lz4 -target_file_size_base=1048576 -max_bytes_for_level_base=4194304 -value_size=112 -key_size=16 -block_size=4096 -level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes=true -num=5000000 -max_background_jobs=12 -benchmark_write_rate_limit=20971520 -range_tombstone_width=100 -writes_per_range_tombstone=100 -max_num_range_tombstones=50000 -bloom_bits=8
```

...and the following command was used to measure read throughput:
```
./db_bench -db=/dev/shm/5k-rts/ -use_existing_db=true -benchmarks=readrandom -disable_auto_compactions=true -num=5000000 -reads=100000 -threads=32
```

The filluniquerandom command was only run once, and the resulting database was used
to measure read performance before and after the PR. Both binaries were compiled with
`DEBUG_LEVEL=0`.

Readrandom results before PR:
```
readrandom   :       4.544 micros/op 220090 ops/sec;   16.9 MB/s (63103 of 100000 found)
```

Readrandom results after PR:
```
readrandom   :      11.147 micros/op 89707 ops/sec;    6.9 MB/s (63103 of 100000 found)
```

So it's actually slower right now, but this PR paves the way for future optimizations (see #4493).

----
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/4449

Differential Revision: D10370575

Pulled By: abhimadan

fbshipit-source-id: 9a2e152be1ef36969055c0e9eb4beb0d96c11f4d
2018-10-24 12:31:12 -07:00
Yanqin Jin
e633983cf1 Add support to flush multiple CFs atomically (#4262)
Summary:
Leverage existing `FlushJob` to implement atomic flush of multiple column families.

This PR depends on other PRs and is a subset of #3752 . This PR itself is not sufficient in fulfilling atomic flush.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/4262

Differential Revision: D9283109

Pulled By: riversand963

fbshipit-source-id: 65401f913e4160b0a61c0be6cd02adc15dad28ed
2018-10-15 20:01:17 -07:00
Andrey Zagrebin
aeed4f0749 #3865 fix performance regression introduced by MergeOperator.ShouldMerge (#4266)
Summary:
This PR addresses issue #3865 and implements the following approach to fix it:
 - adds `MergeContext::GetOperandsDirectionForward` and `MergeContext::GetOperandsDirectionBackward` to query merge operands in a specific order
 - `MergeContext::GetOperands` becomes a shortcut for `MergeContext::GetOperandsDirectionForward`
 - pass `MergeContext::GetOperandsDirectionBackward` to `MergeOperator::ShouldMerge` and document the order
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/4266

Differential Revision: D9360750

Pulled By: sagar0

fbshipit-source-id: 20cb73ff017760b062ecdcf4382560767086e092
2018-08-16 10:58:05 -07:00
Tamir Duberstein
7bee48bdbd Add GCC 8 to Travis (#3433)
Summary:
- Avoid `strdup` to use jemalloc on Windows
- Use `size_t` for consistency
- Add GCC 8 to Travis
- Add CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release to Travis
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3433

Differential Revision: D6837948

Pulled By: sagar0

fbshipit-source-id: b8543c3a4da9cd07ee9a33f9f4623188e233261f
2018-07-13 10:58:06 -07:00
Manuel Ung
a16e00b7b9 WriteUnPrepared Txn: Disable seek to snapshot optimization (#3955)
Summary:
This is implemented by extending ReadCallback with another function `MaxUnpreparedSequenceNumber` which returns the largest visible sequence number for the current transaction, if there is uncommitted data written to DB. Otherwise, it returns zero, indicating no uncommitted data.

There are the places where reads had to be modified.
- Get and Seek/Next was just updated to seek to max(snapshot_seq, MaxUnpreparedSequenceNumber()) instead, and iterate until a key was visible.
- Prev did not need need updates since it did not use the Seek to sequence number optimization. Assuming that locks were held when writing unprepared keys, and ValidateSnapshot runs, there should only be committed keys and unprepared keys of the current transaction, all of which are visible. Prev will simply iterate to get the last visible key.
- Reseeking to skip keys optimization was also disabled for write unprepared, since it's possible to hit the max_skip condition even while reseeking. There needs to be some way to resolve infinite looping in this case.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3955

Differential Revision: D8286688

Pulled By: lth

fbshipit-source-id: 25e42f47fdeb5f7accea0f4fd350ef35198caafe
2018-06-27 12:23:07 -07:00
Zhongyi Xie
c3ebc75843 Move prefix_extractor to MutableCFOptions
Summary:
Currently it is not possible to change bloom filter config without restart the db, which is causing a lot of operational complexity for users.
This PR aims to make it possible to dynamically change bloom filter config.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3601

Differential Revision: D7253114

Pulled By: miasantreble

fbshipit-source-id: f22595437d3e0b86c95918c484502de2ceca120c
2018-05-21 14:43:11 -07:00
Maysam Yabandeh
bde1c1a72a WritePrepared Txn: add stats
Summary:
Adding some stats that would be helpful to monitor if the DB has gone to unlikely stats that would hurt the performance. These are mostly when we end up needing to acquire a mutex.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3683

Differential Revision: D7529393

Pulled By: maysamyabandeh

fbshipit-source-id: f7d36279a8f39bd84d8ddbf64b5c97f670c5d6d9
2018-04-07 21:56:42 -07:00
Radoslaw Zarzynski
09b6bf828a InlineSkiplist: don't decode keys unnecessarily during comparisons
Summary:
Summary
========
`InlineSkipList<>::Insert` takes the `key` parameter as a C-string. Then, it performs multiple comparisons with it requiring the `GetLengthPrefixedSlice()` to be spawn in `MemTable::KeyComparator::operator()(const char* prefix_len_key1, const char* prefix_len_key2)` on the same data over and over. The patch tries to optimize that.

Rough performance comparison
=====
Big keys, no compression.

```
$ ./db_bench --writes 20000000 --benchmarks="fillrandom" --compression_type none -key_size 256
(...)
fillrandom   :       4.222 micros/op 236836 ops/sec;   80.4 MB/s
```

```
$ ./db_bench --writes 20000000 --benchmarks="fillrandom" --compression_type none -key_size 256
(...)
fillrandom   :       4.064 micros/op 246059 ops/sec;   83.5 MB/s
```

TODO
======
In ~~a separated~~ this PR:
- [x] Go outside the write path. Maybe even eradicate the C-string-taking variant of `KeyIsAfterNode` entirely.
- [x] Try to cache the transformations applied by `KeyComparator` & friends in situations where we havy many comparisons with the same key.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3516

Differential Revision: D7059300

Pulled By: ajkr

fbshipit-source-id: 6f027dbb619a488129f79f79b5f7dbe566fb2dbb
2018-03-23 12:14:30 -07:00
Andrew Kryczka
5d68243e61 Comment out unused variables
Summary:
Submitting on behalf of another employee.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3557

Differential Revision: D7146025

Pulled By: ajkr

fbshipit-source-id: 495ca5db5beec3789e671e26f78170957704e77e
2018-03-05 13:13:41 -08:00
Igor Sugak
aba3409740 Back out "[codemod] - comment out unused parameters"
Reviewed By: igorsugak

fbshipit-source-id: 4a93675cc1931089ddd574cacdb15d228b1e5f37
2018-02-22 12:43:17 -08:00
David Lai
f4a030ce81 - comment out unused parameters
Reviewed By: everiq, igorsugak

Differential Revision: D7046710

fbshipit-source-id: 8e10b1f1e2aecebbfb229c742e214db887e5a461
2018-02-22 09:44:23 -08:00
Maysam Yabandeh
8eb1d445c3 Unbreak MemTableRep API change
Summary:
The MemTableRep API was broken by this commit: 813719e952
This patch reverts the changes and instead adds InsertKey (and etc.) overloads to extend the MemTableRep API without breaking the existing classes that inherit from it.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3513

Differential Revision: D7004134

Pulled By: maysamyabandeh

fbshipit-source-id: e568d91fe1e17dd76c0c1f6c7dd51a18633b1c4f
2018-02-15 17:27:24 -08:00
jsteemann
4e7a182d09 Several small "fixes"
Summary:
- removed a few unneeded variables
- fused some variable declarations and their assignments
- fixed right-trimming code in string_util.cc to not underflow
- simplifed an assertion
- move non-nullptr check assertion before dereferencing of that pointer
- pass an std::string function parameter by const reference instead of by value (avoiding potential copy)
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3507

Differential Revision: D7004679

Pulled By: sagar0

fbshipit-source-id: 52944952d9b56dfcac3bea3cd7878e315bb563c4
2018-02-15 16:57:37 -08:00
Fosco Marotto
ba6ee1f749 Fix 2 more unused reference errors VS2017
Summary:
As in #3425
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3497

Differential Revision: D6979588

Pulled By: gfosco

fbshipit-source-id: e9fb32d04ad45575dfe9de1d79348d158e474197
2018-02-14 11:12:36 -08:00
Maysam Yabandeh
813719e952 WritePrepared Txn: Duplicate Keys, Memtable part
Summary:
Currently DB does not accept duplicate keys (keys with the same user key and the same sequence number). If Memtable returns false when receiving such keys, we can benefit from this signal to properly increase the sequence number in the rare cases when we have a duplicate key in the write batch written to DB under WritePrepared transactions.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3418

Differential Revision: D6822412

Pulled By: maysamyabandeh

fbshipit-source-id: adea3ce5073131cd38ed52b16bea0673b1a19e77
2018-01-31 18:57:07 -08:00
topilski
b9873162f0 Fixed get version on windows, moved throwing exceptions into cc file.
Summary:
Fixes for msys2 and mingw, hide exceptions into cpp  file.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3377

Differential Revision: D6746707

Pulled By: yiwu-arbug

fbshipit-source-id: 456b38df80bc48b8386a2cf87f669b5a4f9999a4
2018-01-18 14:56:56 -08:00
Andrew Kryczka
c4c1f961e7 dynamically change current memtable size
Summary:
Previously setting `write_buffer_size` with `SetOptions` would only apply to new memtables. An internal user wanted it to take effect immediately, instead of at an arbitrary future point, to prevent OOM.

This PR makes the memtable's size mutable, and makes `SetOptions()` mutate it. There is one case when we preserve the old behavior, which is when memtable prefix bloom filter is enabled and the user is increasing the memtable's capacity. That's because the prefix bloom filter's size is fixed and wouldn't work as well on a larger memtable.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/3119

Differential Revision: D6228304

Pulled By: ajkr

fbshipit-source-id: e44bd9d10a5f8c9d8c464bf7436070bb3eafdfc9
2017-11-02 22:28:10 -07:00
Yi Wu
66a2c44ef4 Add DB::Properties::kEstimateOldestKeyTime
Summary:
With FIFO compaction we would like to get the oldest data time for monitoring. The problem is we don't have timestamp for each key in the DB. As an approximation, we expose the earliest of sst file "creation_time" property.

My plan is to override the property with a more accurate value with blob db, where we actually have timestamp.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2842

Differential Revision: D5770600

Pulled By: yiwu-arbug

fbshipit-source-id: 03833c8f10bbfbee62f8ea5c0d03c0cafb5d853a
2017-10-23 15:27:27 -07:00
Zhongyi Xie
0f3b36964e Fix counter for memtable updates
Summary:
Right now in `PutCFImpl` we always increment NUMBER_KEYS_UPDATED counter for both in-place update or insertion. This PR fixes this by using the correct counter for either case.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2986

Differential Revision: D6016300

Pulled By: miasantreble

fbshipit-source-id: 0aed327522e659450d533d1c47d3a9f568fac65d
2017-10-10 21:26:11 -07:00
Yi Wu
d1cab2b64e Add ValueType::kTypeBlobIndex
Summary:
Add kTypeBlobIndex value type, which will be used by blob db only, to insert a (key, blob_offset) KV pair. The purpose is to
1. Make it possible to open existing rocksdb instance as blob db. Existing value will be of kTypeIndex type, while value inserted by blob db will be of kTypeBlobIndex.
2. Make rocksdb able to detect if the db contains value written by blob db, if so return error.
3. Make it possible to have blob db optionally store value in SST file (with kTypeValue type) or as a blob value (with kTypeBlobIndex type).

The root db (DBImpl) basically pretended kTypeBlobIndex are normal value on write. On Get if is_blob is provided, return whether the value read is of kTypeBlobIndex type, or return Status::NotSupported() status if is_blob is not provided. On scan allow_blob flag is pass and if the flag is true, return wether the value is of kTypeBlobIndex type via iter->IsBlob().

Changes on blob db side will be in a separate patch.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2886

Differential Revision: D5838431

Pulled By: yiwu-arbug

fbshipit-source-id: 3c5306c62bc13bb11abc03422ec5cbcea1203cca
2017-10-03 09:11:23 -07:00
Maysam Yabandeh
385049baf2 WritePrepared Txn: Recovery
Summary:
Recover txns from the WAL. Also added some unit tests.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2901

Differential Revision: D5859596

Pulled By: maysamyabandeh

fbshipit-source-id: 6424967b231388093b4effffe0a3b1b7ec8caeb0
2017-09-28 16:56:45 -07:00
Sagar Vemuri
93c2b91740 Introduce conditional merge-operator invocation in point lookups
Summary:
For every merge operand encountered for a key in the read path we now have the ability to decide whether to look further (to retrieve more merge operands for the key) or stop and invoke the merge operator to return the value. The user needs to override `ShouldMerge()` method with a condition to terminate search when true to avail this facility.

This has a couple of advantages:
1. It helps in limiting the number of merge operands that are looked at to compute a value as part of a user Get operation.
2. It allows to peek at a merge key-value to see if further merge operands need to look at.

Example: Limiting the number of merge operands that are looked at: Lets say you have 10 merge operands for a key spread over various levels. If you only want RocksDB to look at the latest two merge operands instead of all 10 to compute the value, it is now possible with this PR. You can set the condition in `ShouldMerge()` to return true when the size of the operand list is 2. Look at the example implementation in the unit test. Without this PR, a Get might look at all the 10 merge operands in different levels before invoking the merge-operator.

Added a new unit test.
Made sure that there is no perf regression by running benchmarks.

Command line to Load data:
```
TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench --benchmarks="mergerandom" --merge_operator="uint64add" --num=10000000
...
mergerandom  :      12.861 micros/op 77757 ops/sec;    8.6 MB/s ( updates:10000000)
```

**ReadRandomMergeRandom bechmark results:**
Command line:
```
TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench --benchmarks="readrandommergerandom" --merge_operator="uint64add" --num=10000000
```

Base -- Without this code change (on commit fc7476b):
```
readrandommergerandom :      38.586 micros/op 25916 ops/sec; (reads:3001599 merges:6998401 total:10000000 hits:842235 maxlength:8)
```

With this code change:
```
readrandommergerandom :      38.653 micros/op 25870 ops/sec; (reads:3001599 merges:6998401 total:10000000 hits:842235 maxlength:8)
```
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2923

Differential Revision: D5898239

Pulled By: sagar0

fbshipit-source-id: daefa325019f77968639a75c851d46352c2303ef
2017-09-28 15:58:49 -07:00
Archit Mishra
3c42807794 do not call merge when checking to see if key exists
Summary:
Changes:
* added check for value before merge is called on code path that should check if key exists
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2814

Reviewed By: IslamAbdelRahman

Differential Revision: D5743966

Pulled By: armishra

fbshipit-source-id: 6ac4283bc510c8ca50827d87ef0ba631f2b33b18
2017-09-12 12:02:53 -07:00
Maysam Yabandeh
f46464d383 write-prepared txn: call IsInSnapshot
Summary:
This patch instruments the read path to verify each read value against an optional ReadCallback class. If the value is rejected, the reader moves on to the next value. The WritePreparedTxn makes use of this feature to skip sequence numbers that are not in the read snapshot.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2850

Differential Revision: D5787375

Pulled By: maysamyabandeh

fbshipit-source-id: 49d808b3062ab35e7ae98ad388f659757794184c
2017-09-11 09:14:48 -07:00
Andrew Kryczka
af012c0f83 fix deleterange with memtable prefix bloom
Summary:
the range delete tombstones in memtable should be added to the aggregator even when the memtable's prefix bloom filter tells us the lookup key's not there. This bug could cause data to temporarily reappear until the memtable containing range deletions is flushed.

Reported in #2743.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2745

Differential Revision: D5639007

Pulled By: ajkr

fbshipit-source-id: 04fc6facb6f978340a3f639536f4ca7c0d73dfc9
2017-08-16 19:13:01 -07:00
Siying Dong
3c327ac2d0 Change RocksDB License
Summary: Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2589

Differential Revision: D5431502

Pulled By: siying

fbshipit-source-id: 8ebf8c87883daa9daa54b2303d11ce01ab1f6f75
2017-07-15 16:11:23 -07:00
Siying Dong
95b0e89b5d Improve write buffer manager (and allow the size to be tracked in block cache)
Summary:
Improve write buffer manager in several ways:
1. Size is tracked when arena block is allocated, rather than every allocation, so that it can better track actual memory usage and the tracking overhead is slightly lower.
2. We start to trigger memtable flush when 7/8 of the memory cap hits, instead of 100%, and make 100% much harder to hit.
3. Allow a cache object to be passed into buffer manager and the size allocated by memtable can be costed there. This can help users have one single memory cap across block cache and memtable.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2350

Differential Revision: D5110648

Pulled By: siying

fbshipit-source-id: b4238113094bf22574001e446b5d88523ba00017
2017-06-02 14:26:56 -07:00
Andrew Kryczka
a4d9c02511 Pass CF ID to MemTableRepFactory
Summary:
Some users want to monitor column family activity in their custom memtable implementations. Previously there was no way to figure out with which column family a memtable is associated. This diff:

- adds an overload to MemTableRepFactory::CreateMemTableRep() that provides the CF ID. For compatibility, its default implementation calls the old overload.
- updates MemTable to create MemTableRep's using the new overload.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2346

Differential Revision: D5108061

Pulled By: ajkr

fbshipit-source-id: 3a1921214a348dd8ea0f54e1cab3b71c3d46d616
2017-06-02 12:12:06 -07:00
Siying Dong
51ac91f586 Histogram of number of merge operands
Summary:
Add a histogram in statistics to help users understand how many merge operands they merge.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2373

Differential Revision: D5139983

Pulled By: siying

fbshipit-source-id: 61b9ba8ca83f358530a4833d68f0103b56a0e182
2017-05-31 07:41:44 -07:00
Siying Dong
d616ebea23 Add GPLv2 as an alternative license.
Summary: Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2226

Differential Revision: D4967547

Pulled By: siying

fbshipit-source-id: dd3b58ae1e7a106ab6bb6f37ab5c88575b125ab4
2017-04-27 18:06:12 -07:00
Yi Wu
0fcdccc33e Blob storage helper methods
Summary:
Split out interfaces needed for blob storage from #1560, including
* CompactionEventListener and OnFlushBegin listener interfaces.
* Blob filename support.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2169

Differential Revision: D4905463

Pulled By: yiwu-arbug

fbshipit-source-id: 564e73448f1b7a367e5e46216a521e57ea9011b5
2017-04-18 12:42:38 -07:00
Siying Dong
d2dce5611a Move some files under util/ to separate dirs
Summary:
Move some files under util/ to new directories env/, monitoring/ options/ and cache/
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/2090

Differential Revision: D4833681

Pulled By: siying

fbshipit-source-id: 2fd8bef
2017-04-05 19:09:16 -07:00
Siying Dong
8f5bf04468 Flush triggered by DB write buffer size picks the oldest unflushed CF
Summary:
Previously, when DB write buffer size triggers, we always pick the CF with most data in its memtable to flush. This approach can minimize total flush happens. Change the behavior to always pick the oldest unflushed CF, which makes it the same behavior when max_total_wal_size hits. This approach will minimize size used by max_total_wal_size.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/1987

Differential Revision: D4703214

Pulled By: siying

fbshipit-source-id: 9ff8b09
2017-03-21 11:09:10 -07:00
Vitaliy Liptchinsky
1aaa898cf1 Adding GetApproximateMemTableStats method
Summary:
Added method that returns approx num of entries as well as size for memtables.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/1841

Differential Revision: D4511990

Pulled By: VitaliyLi

fbshipit-source-id: 9a4576e
2017-02-06 14:54:16 -08:00
Islam AbdelRahman
574b543f80 Rename merger.h -> merging_iterator.h
Summary:
merger.h was always a confusing name for me, simply give the file a better name
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/1836

Differential Revision: D4505357

Pulled By: IslamAbdelRahman

fbshipit-source-id: 07b28d8
2017-02-02 16:54:19 -08:00
Andrew Kryczka
b0029bc7fa Test merge op covered by range deletion in memtable
Summary:
It's a test case for #1797. Also got rid of kTypeDeletion in the conditional since we treat it the same as kTypeRangeDeletion.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/1800

Differential Revision: D4451300

Pulled By: ajkr

fbshipit-source-id: b39dda1
2017-01-24 13:39:11 -08:00
yinqiwen
973f1b78fd memtable: delete merge value for range deleteion
Summary: Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/1797

Differential Revision: D4448004

Pulled By: ajkr

fbshipit-source-id: 3ffc27c
2017-01-23 12:24:14 -08:00
Maysam Yabandeh
d0ba8ec8f9 Revert "PinnableSlice"
Summary:
This reverts commit 54d94e9c2c.

The pull request was landed by mistake.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/1755

Differential Revision: D4391678

Pulled By: maysamyabandeh

fbshipit-source-id: 36d5149
2017-01-08 14:24:12 -08:00
Maysam Yabandeh
54d94e9c2c PinnableSlice
Summary:
Currently the point lookup values are copied to a string provided by the user.
This incures an extra memcpy cost. This patch allows doing point lookup
via a PinnableSlice which pins the source memory location (instead of
copying their content) and releases them after the content is consumed
by the user. The old API of Get(string) is translated to the new API
underneath.

 Here is the summary for improvements:
 1. value 100 byte: 1.8%  regular, 1.2% merge values
 2. value 1k   byte: 11.5% regular, 7.5% merge values
 3. value 10k byte: 26% regular,    29.9% merge values

 The improvement for merge could be more if we extend this approach to
 pin the merge output and delay the full merge operation until the user
 actually needs it. We have put that for future work.

PS:
Sometimes we observe a small decrease in performance when switching from
t5452014 to this patch but with the old Get(string) API. The difference
is a little and could be noise. More importantly it is safely
cancelled
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/1732

Differential Revision: D4374613

Pulled By: maysamyabandeh

fbshipit-source-id: a077f1a
2017-01-08 13:54:13 -08:00
Daniel Black
342370f1d3 Simplify MemTable::Update
Summary:
As suggested by testn in #1650

The Add is at the end of the function. Having a fallthough
will result in it being added twice.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/1676

Differential Revision: D4331906

Pulled By: yiwu-arbug

fbshipit-source-id: 895c4a0
2016-12-17 00:09:13 -08:00
Daniel Black
67adc937b6 intentional fallthough (prevents gcc-7/clang-4 error)
Summary:
db/memtable.cc: In member function 'void rocksdb::MemTable::Update(rocksdb::SequenceNumber, const rocksdb::Slice&, const rocksdb::Slice&)':
db/memtable.cc:736:11: error: this statement may fall through [-Werror=implicit-fallthrough=]
           }
           ^
db/memtable.cc:738:9: note: here
         default:
         ^~~~~~~
cc1plus: all warnings being treated as errors

closes #1650
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/1655

Differential Revision: D4318696

Pulled By: yiwu-arbug

fbshipit-source-id: 1a8981c
2016-12-13 14:39:17 -08:00
Mike Kolupaev
236d4c67e9 Less linear search in DBIter::Seek() when keys are overwritten a lot
Summary:
In one deployment we saw high latencies (presumably from slow iterator operations) and a lot of CPU time reported by perf with this stack:

```
  rocksdb::MergingIterator::Next
  rocksdb::DBIter::FindNextUserEntryInternal
  rocksdb::DBIter::Seek
```

I think what's happening is:
1. we create a snapshot iterator,
2. we do lots of Put()s for the same key x; this creates lots of entries in memtable,
3. we seek the iterator to a key slightly smaller than x,
4. the seek walks over lots of entries in memtable for key x, skipping them because of high sequence numbers.

CC IslamAbdelRahman
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/1413

Differential Revision: D4083879

Pulled By: IslamAbdelRahman

fbshipit-source-id: a83ddae
2016-11-28 10:24:11 -08:00
Yi Wu
dfb6fe6755 Unified InlineSkipList::Insert algorithm with hinting
Summary:
This PR is based on nbronson's diff with small
modifications to wire it up with existing interface. Comparing to
previous version, this approach works better for inserting keys in
decreasing order or updating the same key, and impose less restriction
to the prefix extractor.

---- Summary from original diff ----

This diff introduces a single InlineSkipList::Insert that unifies
the existing sequential insert optimization (prev_), concurrent insertion,
and insertion using externally-managed insertion point hints.

There's a deep symmetry between insertion hints (cursors) and the
concurrent algorithm.  In both cases we have partial information from
the recent past that is likely but not certain to be accurate.  This diff
introduces the struct InlineSkipList::Splice, which encodes predecessor
and successor information in the same form that was previously only used
within a single call to InsertConcurrently.  Splice holds information
about an insertion point that can be used to levera
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/1561

Differential Revision: D4217283

Pulled By: yiwu-arbug

fbshipit-source-id: 33ee437
2016-11-22 14:09:13 -08:00
Andrew Kryczka
fd43ee09da Range deletion microoptimizations
Summary:
- Made RangeDelAggregator's InternalKeyComparator member a reference-to-const so we don't need to copy-construct it. Also added InternalKeyComparator to ImmutableCFOptions so we don't need to construct one for each DBIter.
- Made MemTable::NewRangeTombstoneIterator and the table readers' NewRangeTombstoneIterator() functions return nullptr instead of NewEmptyInternalIterator to avoid the allocation. Updated callers accordingly.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/1548

Differential Revision: D4208169

Pulled By: ajkr

fbshipit-source-id: 2fd65cf
2016-11-21 12:24:13 -08:00
Andrew Kryczka
fe349db57b Remove Arena in RangeDelAggregator
Summary:
The Arena construction/destruction introduced significant overhead to read-heavy workload just by creating empty vectors for its blocks, so avoid it in RangeDelAggregator.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/1547

Differential Revision: D4207781

Pulled By: ajkr

fbshipit-source-id: 9d1c130
2016-11-19 14:24:12 -08:00
Yi Wu
1543d5d92e Report memory usage by memtable insert hints map.
Summary:
It is hard to measure acutal memory usage by std containers. Even
providing a custom allocator will miss count some of the usage. Here we
only do a wild guess on its memory usage.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/1511

Differential Revision: D4179945

Pulled By: yiwu-arbug

fbshipit-source-id: 32ab929
2016-11-15 20:24:13 -08:00
Yi Wu
1ea79a78c9 Optimize sequential insert into memtable - Part 1: Interface
Summary:
Currently our skip-list have an optimization to speedup sequential
inserts from a single stream, by remembering the last insert position.
We extend the idea to support sequential inserts from multiple streams,
and even tolerate small reordering wihtin each stream.

This PR is the interface part adding the following:
- Add `memtable_insert_prefix_extractor` to allow specifying prefix for each key.
- Add `InsertWithHint()` interface to memtable, to allow underlying
  implementation to return a hint of insert position, which can be later
  pass back to optimize inserts.
- Memtable will maintain a map from prefix to hints and pass the hint
  via `InsertWithHint()` if `memtable_insert_prefix_extractor` is non-null.
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/1419

Differential Revision: D4079367

Pulled By: yiwu-arbug

fbshipit-source-id: 3555326
2016-11-13 19:09:18 -08:00
Andrew Kryczka
f998c9790f DeleteRange Get support
Summary:
During Get()/MultiGet(), build up a RangeDelAggregator with range
tombstones as we search through live memtable, immutable memtables, and
SST files. This aggregator is then used by memtable.cc's SaveValue() and
GetContext::SaveValue() to check whether keys are covered.

added tests for Get on memtables/files; end-to-end tests mainly in https://reviews.facebook.net/D64761
Closes https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/1456

Differential Revision: D4111271

Pulled By: ajkr

fbshipit-source-id: 6e388d4
2016-11-03 18:54:20 -07:00
Andrew Kryczka
b9bc7a2aa4 Use skiplist rep for range tombstone memtable
Summary: somehow missed committing this update in D62217

Test Plan: make check

Reviewers: sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: andrewkr, dhruba, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D65361
2016-10-27 10:07:28 -07:00
Andrew Kryczka
6009c473c7 Store range tombstones in memtable
Summary:
- Store range tombstones in a separate MemTableRep instantiated with ColumnFamilyOptions::memtable_factory
- MemTable::NewRangeTombstoneIterator() returns a MemTableIterator over the separate MemTableRep
- Part of the read path is not implemented yet (i.e., MemTable::Get())

Test Plan: see unit tests

Reviewers: wanning

Subscribers: andrewkr, dhruba, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D62217
2016-09-30 09:06:43 -07:00
Aaron Gao
f517d9dd09 Add SeekForPrev() to Iterator
Summary:
Add new Iterator API, `SeekForPrev`: find the last key that <= target key
support prefix_extractor
support prefix_same_as_start
support upper_bound
not supported in iterators without Prev()

Also add tests in db_iter_test and db_iterator_test

Pass all tests
Cheers!

Test Plan: make all check -j64

Reviewers: andrewkr, yiwu, IslamAbdelRahman, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: andrewkr, dhruba, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D64149
2016-09-27 18:20:57 -07:00
sdong
e5b5f12b81 Change options memtable_prefix_bloom_huge_page_tlb_size => memtable_huge_page_size and cover huge page to memtable too
Summary: Extend the option memtable_prefix_bloom_huge_page_tlb_size from just putting memtable bloom filter to huge page to memtable itself too.

Test Plan: Run all existing tests.

Reviewers: IslamAbdelRahman, yhchiang, andrewkr

Reviewed By: andrewkr

Subscribers: leveldb, andrewkr, dhruba

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D60513
2016-07-26 18:15:11 -07:00
Islam AbdelRahman
68a8e6b8fa Introduce FullMergeV2 (eliminate memcpy from merge operators)
Summary:
This diff update the code to pin the merge operator operands while the merge operation is done, so that we can eliminate the memcpy cost, to do that we need a new public API for FullMerge that replace the std::deque<std::string> with std::vector<Slice>

This diff is stacked on top of D56493 and D56511

In this diff we
- Update FullMergeV2 arguments to be encapsulated in MergeOperationInput and MergeOperationOutput which will make it easier to add new arguments in the future
- Replace std::deque<std::string> with std::vector<Slice> to pass operands
- Replace MergeContext std::deque with std::vector (based on a simple benchmark I ran https://gist.github.com/IslamAbdelRahman/78fc86c9ab9f52b1df791e58943fb187)
- Allow FullMergeV2 output to be an existing operand

```
[Everything in Memtable | 10K operands | 10 KB each | 1 operand per key]

DEBUG_LEVEL=0 make db_bench -j64 && ./db_bench --benchmarks="mergerandom,readseq,readseq,readseq,readseq,readseq" --merge_operator="max" --merge_keys=10000 --num=10000 --disable_auto_compactions --value_size=10240 --write_buffer_size=1000000000

[FullMergeV2]
readseq      :       0.607 micros/op 1648235 ops/sec; 16121.2 MB/s
readseq      :       0.478 micros/op 2091546 ops/sec; 20457.2 MB/s
readseq      :       0.252 micros/op 3972081 ops/sec; 38850.5 MB/s
readseq      :       0.237 micros/op 4218328 ops/sec; 41259.0 MB/s
readseq      :       0.247 micros/op 4043927 ops/sec; 39553.2 MB/s

[master]
readseq      :       3.935 micros/op 254140 ops/sec; 2485.7 MB/s
readseq      :       3.722 micros/op 268657 ops/sec; 2627.7 MB/s
readseq      :       3.149 micros/op 317605 ops/sec; 3106.5 MB/s
readseq      :       3.125 micros/op 320024 ops/sec; 3130.1 MB/s
readseq      :       4.075 micros/op 245374 ops/sec; 2400.0 MB/s
```

```
[Everything in Memtable | 10K operands | 10 KB each | 10 operand per key]

DEBUG_LEVEL=0 make db_bench -j64 && ./db_bench --benchmarks="mergerandom,readseq,readseq,readseq,readseq,readseq" --merge_operator="max" --merge_keys=1000 --num=10000 --disable_auto_compactions --value_size=10240 --write_buffer_size=1000000000

[FullMergeV2]
readseq      :       3.472 micros/op 288018 ops/sec; 2817.1 MB/s
readseq      :       2.304 micros/op 434027 ops/sec; 4245.2 MB/s
readseq      :       1.163 micros/op 859845 ops/sec; 8410.0 MB/s
readseq      :       1.192 micros/op 838926 ops/sec; 8205.4 MB/s
readseq      :       1.250 micros/op 800000 ops/sec; 7824.7 MB/s

[master]
readseq      :      24.025 micros/op 41623 ops/sec;  407.1 MB/s
readseq      :      18.489 micros/op 54086 ops/sec;  529.0 MB/s
readseq      :      18.693 micros/op 53495 ops/sec;  523.2 MB/s
readseq      :      23.621 micros/op 42335 ops/sec;  414.1 MB/s
readseq      :      18.775 micros/op 53262 ops/sec;  521.0 MB/s

```

```
[Everything in Block cache | 10K operands | 10 KB each | 1 operand per key]

[FullMergeV2]
$ DEBUG_LEVEL=0 make db_bench -j64 && ./db_bench --benchmarks="readseq,readseq,readseq,readseq,readseq" --merge_operator="max" --num=100000 --db="/dev/shm/merge-random-10K-10KB" --cache_size=1000000000 --use_existing_db --disable_auto_compactions
readseq      :      14.741 micros/op 67837 ops/sec;  663.5 MB/s
readseq      :       1.029 micros/op 971446 ops/sec; 9501.6 MB/s
readseq      :       0.974 micros/op 1026229 ops/sec; 10037.4 MB/s
readseq      :       0.965 micros/op 1036080 ops/sec; 10133.8 MB/s
readseq      :       0.943 micros/op 1060657 ops/sec; 10374.2 MB/s

[master]
readseq      :      16.735 micros/op 59755 ops/sec;  584.5 MB/s
readseq      :       3.029 micros/op 330151 ops/sec; 3229.2 MB/s
readseq      :       3.136 micros/op 318883 ops/sec; 3119.0 MB/s
readseq      :       3.065 micros/op 326245 ops/sec; 3191.0 MB/s
readseq      :       3.014 micros/op 331813 ops/sec; 3245.4 MB/s
```

```
[Everything in Block cache | 10K operands | 10 KB each | 10 operand per key]

DEBUG_LEVEL=0 make db_bench -j64 && ./db_bench --benchmarks="readseq,readseq,readseq,readseq,readseq" --merge_operator="max" --num=100000 --db="/dev/shm/merge-random-10-operands-10K-10KB" --cache_size=1000000000 --use_existing_db --disable_auto_compactions

[FullMergeV2]
readseq      :      24.325 micros/op 41109 ops/sec;  402.1 MB/s
readseq      :       1.470 micros/op 680272 ops/sec; 6653.7 MB/s
readseq      :       1.231 micros/op 812347 ops/sec; 7945.5 MB/s
readseq      :       1.091 micros/op 916590 ops/sec; 8965.1 MB/s
readseq      :       1.109 micros/op 901713 ops/sec; 8819.6 MB/s

[master]
readseq      :      27.257 micros/op 36687 ops/sec;  358.8 MB/s
readseq      :       4.443 micros/op 225073 ops/sec; 2201.4 MB/s
readseq      :       5.830 micros/op 171526 ops/sec; 1677.7 MB/s
readseq      :       4.173 micros/op 239635 ops/sec; 2343.8 MB/s
readseq      :       4.150 micros/op 240963 ops/sec; 2356.8 MB/s
```

Test Plan: COMPILE_WITH_ASAN=1 make check -j64

Reviewers: yhchiang, andrewkr, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: lovro, andrewkr, dhruba

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D57075
2016-07-20 09:49:03 -07:00
sdong
907f24d0e1 Concurrent memtable inserter to update counters and flush state after all inserts
Summary: In concurrent memtable insert case, updating counters in MemTable::Add() can count for 5% CPU usage. By batch all the counters and update in the end of the write batch, the CPU overheads are overhead in the use cases where more than one key is updated in one write batch.

Test Plan:
Write throughput increases 12% with this benchmark setting:

TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm/ ./db_bench --benchmarks=fillrandom -disable_auto_compactions -level0_slowdown_writes_trigger=9999 -level0_stop_writes_trigger=9999 -num=10000000 --writes=1000000 -max_background_flushes=16 -max_write_buffer_number=16 --threads=64 --batch_size=128   -allow_concurrent_memtable_write -enable_write_thread_adaptive_yield

Reviewers: andrewkr, IslamAbdelRahman, ngbronson, igor

Reviewed By: ngbronson

Subscribers: ngbronson, leveldb, andrewkr, dhruba

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D60495
2016-07-08 10:19:55 -07:00
sdong
32df9733d1 Add options.write_buffer_manager: control total memtable size across DB instances
Summary: Add option write_buffer_manager to help users control total memory spent on memtables across multiple DB instances.

Test Plan: Add a new unit test.

Reviewers: yhchiang, IslamAbdelRahman

Reviewed By: IslamAbdelRahman

Subscribers: adela, benj, sumeet, muthu, leveldb, andrewkr, dhruba

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D59925
2016-07-05 18:11:25 -07:00
sdong
7b79238b65 Deprectate filter_deletes
Summary: filter_deltes is not a frequently used feature. Remove it.

Test Plan: Run all test suites.

Reviewers: igor, yhchiang, IslamAbdelRahman

Reviewed By: IslamAbdelRahman

Subscribers: leveldb, andrewkr, dhruba

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D59427
2016-06-17 10:30:47 -07:00
Islam AbdelRahman
7c919deccc Reuse TimedFullMerge instead of FullMerge + instrumentation
Summary:
We have alot of code duplication whenever we call FullMerge we keep duplicating the instrumentation and statistics code
This is a simple diff to refactor the code to use TimedFullMerge instead of FullMerge

Test Plan: COMPILE_WITH_ASAN=1 make check -j64

Reviewers: andrewkr, yhchiang, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: andrewkr, dhruba

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D59577
2016-06-13 16:17:26 -07:00
sdong
20699df843 memtable_prefix_bloom_bits -> memtable_prefix_bloom_bits_ratio and deprecate memtable_prefix_bloom_probes
Summary:
memtable_prefix_bloom_probes is not a critical option. Remove it to reduce number of options.
It's easier for users to make mistakes with memtable_prefix_bloom_bits, turn it to memtable_prefix_bloom_bits_ratio

Test Plan: Run all existing tests

Reviewers: yhchiang, igor, IslamAbdelRahman

Reviewed By: IslamAbdelRahman

Subscribers: gunnarku, yoshinorim, MarkCallaghan, leveldb, andrewkr, dhruba

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D59199
2016-06-10 12:12:10 -07:00
Reid Horuff
1b8a2e8fdd [rocksdb] Memtable Log Referencing and Prepared Batch Recovery
Summary:
This diff is built on top of WriteBatch modification: https://reviews.facebook.net/D54093 and adds the required functionality to rocksdb core necessary for rocksdb to support 2PC.

modfication of DBImpl::WriteImpl()
- added two arguments *uint64_t log_used = nullptr, uint64_t log_ref = 0;
- *log_used is an output argument which will return the log number which the incoming batch was inserted into, 0 if no WAL insert took place.
-  log_ref is a supplied log_number which all memtables inserted into will reference after the batch insert takes place. This number will reside in 'FindMinPrepLogReferencedByMemTable()' until all Memtables insertinto have flushed.

- Recovery/writepath is now aware of prepared batches and commit and rollback markers.

Test Plan: There is currently no test on this diff. All testing of this functionality takes place in the Transaction layer/diff but I will add some testing.

Reviewers: IslamAbdelRahman, sdong

Subscribers: leveldb, santoshb, andrewkr, vasilep, dhruba, hermanlee4

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D56919
2016-05-10 14:06:07 -07:00
Islam AbdelRahman
d719b095dc Introduce PinnedIteratorsManager (Reduce PinData() overhead / Refactor PinData)
Summary:
While trying to reuse PinData() / ReleasePinnedData() .. to optimize away some memcpys I realized that there is a significant overhead for using PinData() / ReleasePinnedData if they were called many times.
This diff refactor the pinning logic by introducing PinnedIteratorsManager a centralized component that will be created once and will be notified whenever we need to Pin an Iterator. This implementation have much less overhead than the original implementation

Test Plan:
make check -j64
COMPILE_WITH_ASAN=1 make check -j64

Reviewers: yhchiang, sdong, andrewkr

Reviewed By: andrewkr

Subscribers: andrewkr, dhruba

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D56493
2016-04-26 12:41:07 -07:00
Baraa Hamodi
21e95811d1 Updated all copyright headers to the new format. 2016-02-09 15:12:00 -08:00
Reid Horuff
da032495d3 Optimize GetLatestSequenceForKey
Summary: DBImpl::GetLatestSequenceForKey() can do memcpy's to load a value that will never be used.  This can be optimized by changing all the Get() functions called to optionally not fetch the value (and only fetch the sequencenumber).

Test Plan: optimistic_transaction_test and transaction_test

Reviewers: anthony

Reviewed By: anthony

Subscribers: leveldb, dhruba, hermanlee4

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D52227
2016-01-06 13:43:22 -08:00
Nathan Bronson
7d87f02799 support for concurrent adds to memtable
Summary:
This diff adds support for concurrent adds to the skiplist memtable
implementations.  Memory allocation is made thread-safe by the addition of
a spinlock, with small per-core buffers to avoid contention.  Concurrent
memtable writes are made via an additional method and don't impose a
performance overhead on the non-concurrent case, so parallelism can be
selected on a per-batch basis.

Write thread synchronization is an increasing bottleneck for higher levels
of concurrency, so this diff adds --enable_write_thread_adaptive_yield
(default off).  This feature causes threads joining a write batch
group to spin for a short time (default 100 usec) using sched_yield,
rather than going to sleep on a mutex.  If the timing of the yield calls
indicates that another thread has actually run during the yield then
spinning is avoided.  This option improves performance for concurrent
situations even without parallel adds, although it has the potential to
increase CPU usage (and the heuristic adaptation is not yet mature).

Parallel writes are not currently compatible with
inplace updates, update callbacks, or delete filtering.
Enable it with --allow_concurrent_memtable_write (and
--enable_write_thread_adaptive_yield).  Parallel memtable writes
are performance neutral when there is no actual parallelism, and in
my experiments (SSD server-class Linux and varying contention and key
sizes for fillrandom) they are always a performance win when there is
more than one thread.

Statistics are updated earlier in the write path, dropping the number
of DB mutex acquisitions from 2 to 1 for almost all cases.

This diff was motivated and inspired by Yahoo's cLSM work.  It is more
conservative than cLSM: RocksDB's write batch group leader role is
preserved (along with all of the existing flush and write throttling
logic) and concurrent writers are blocked until all memtable insertions
have completed and the sequence number has been advanced, to preserve
linearizability.

My test config is "db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -threads=$T
-batch_size=1 -memtablerep=skip_list -value_size=100 --num=1000000/$T
-level0_slowdown_writes_trigger=9999 -level0_stop_writes_trigger=9999
-disable_auto_compactions --max_write_buffer_number=8
-max_background_flushes=8 --disable_wal --write_buffer_size=160000000
--block_size=16384 --allow_concurrent_memtable_write" on a two-socket
Xeon E5-2660 @ 2.2Ghz with lots of memory and an SSD hard drive.  With 1
thread I get ~440Kops/sec.  Peak performance for 1 socket (numactl
-N1) is slightly more than 1Mops/sec, at 16 threads.  Peak performance
across both sockets happens at 30 threads, and is ~900Kops/sec, although
with fewer threads there is less performance loss when the system has
background work.

Test Plan:
1. concurrent stress tests for InlineSkipList and DynamicBloom
2. make clean; make check
3. make clean; DISABLE_JEMALLOC=1 make valgrind_check; valgrind db_bench
4. make clean; COMPILE_WITH_TSAN=1 make all check; db_bench
5. make clean; COMPILE_WITH_ASAN=1 make all check; db_bench
6. make clean; OPT=-DROCKSDB_LITE make check
7. verify no perf regressions when disabled

Reviewers: igor, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: MarkCallaghan, IslamAbdelRahman, anthony, yhchiang, rven, sdong, guyg8, kradhakrishnan, dhruba

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D50589
2015-12-25 11:03:40 -08:00
Islam AbdelRahman
aececc209e Introduce ReadOptions::pin_data (support zero copy for keys)
Summary:
This patch update the Iterator API to introduce new functions that allow users to keep the Slices returned by key() valid as long as the Iterator is not deleted

ReadOptions::pin_data : If true keep loaded blocks in memory as long as the iterator is not deleted
Iterator::IsKeyPinned() : If true, this mean that the Slice returned by key() is valid as long as the iterator is not deleted

Also add a new option BlockBasedTableOptions::use_delta_encoding to allow users to disable delta_encoding if needed.

Benchmark results (using https://phabricator.fb.com/P20083553)

```
// $ du -h /home/tec/local/normal.4K.Snappy/db10077
// 6.1G    /home/tec/local/normal.4K.Snappy/db10077

// $ du -h /home/tec/local/zero.8K.LZ4/db10077
// 6.4G    /home/tec/local/zero.8K.LZ4/db10077

// Benchmarks for shard db10077
// _build/opt/rocks/benchmark/rocks_copy_benchmark \
//      --normal_db_path="/home/tec/local/normal.4K.Snappy/db10077" \
//      --zero_db_path="/home/tec/local/zero.8K.LZ4/db10077"

// First run
// ============================================================================
// rocks/benchmark/RocksCopyBenchmark.cpp          relative  time/iter  iters/s
// ============================================================================
// BM_StringCopy                                                 1.73s  576.97m
// BM_StringPiece                                   103.74%      1.67s  598.55m
// ============================================================================
// Match rate : 1000000 / 1000000

// Second run
// ============================================================================
// rocks/benchmark/RocksCopyBenchmark.cpp          relative  time/iter  iters/s
// ============================================================================
// BM_StringCopy                                              611.99ms     1.63
// BM_StringPiece                                   203.76%   300.35ms     3.33
// ============================================================================
// Match rate : 1000000 / 1000000
```

Test Plan: Unit tests

Reviewers: sdong, igor, anthony, yhchiang, rven

Reviewed By: rven

Subscribers: dhruba, lovro, adsharma

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D48999
2015-12-16 12:08:30 -08:00
sdong
35ad531be3 Seperate InternalIterator from Iterator
Summary:
Separate a new class InternalIterator from class Iterator, when the look-up is done internally, which also means they operate on key with sequence ID and type.

This change will enable potential future optimizations but for now InternalIterator's functions are still the same as Iterator's.
At the same time, separate the cleanup function to a separate class and let both of InternalIterator and Iterator inherit from it.

Test Plan: Run all existing tests.

Reviewers: igor, yhchiang, anthony, kradhakrishnan, IslamAbdelRahman, rven

Reviewed By: rven

Subscribers: leveldb, dhruba

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D48549
2015-10-13 15:32:13 -07:00
dyniusz
a065cdb388 bloom hit/miss stats for SST and memtable
Summary:
	hit and miss bloom filter stats for memtable and SST
	stats added to perf_context struct
	key matches and prefix matches combined into one stat

Test Plan: unit test veryfing the functionality added, see BloomStatsTest in db_test.cc for details

Reviewers: yhchiang, igor, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D47859
2015-10-07 11:23:20 -07:00
Andres Noetzli
014fd55adc Support for SingleDelete()
Summary:
This patch fixes #7460559. It introduces SingleDelete as a new database
operation. This operation can be used to delete keys that were never
overwritten (no put following another put of the same key). If an overwritten
key is single deleted the behavior is undefined. Single deletion of a
non-existent key has no effect but multiple consecutive single deletions are
not allowed (see limitations).

In contrast to the conventional Delete() operation, the deletion entry is
removed along with the value when the two are lined up in a compaction. Note:
The semantics are similar to @igor's prototype that allowed to have this
behavior on the granularity of a column family (
https://reviews.facebook.net/D42093 ). This new patch, however, is more
aggressive when it comes to removing tombstones: It removes the SingleDelete
together with the value whenever there is no snapshot between them while the
older patch only did this when the sequence number of the deletion was older
than the earliest snapshot.

Most of the complex additions are in the Compaction Iterator, all other changes
should be relatively straightforward. The patch also includes basic support for
single deletions in db_stress and db_bench.

Limitations:
- Not compatible with cuckoo hash tables
- Single deletions cannot be used in combination with merges and normal
  deletions on the same key (other keys are not affected by this)
- Consecutive single deletions are currently not allowed (and older version of
  this patch supported this so it could be resurrected if needed)

Test Plan: make all check

Reviewers: yhchiang, sdong, rven, anthony, yoshinorim, igor

Reviewed By: igor

Subscribers: maykov, dhruba, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D43179
2015-09-17 11:42:56 -07:00
Andres Noetzli
6bdc484fd8 Added Equal method to Comparator interface
Summary:
In some cases, equality comparisons can be done more efficiently than three-way
comparisons. There are quite a few places in the code where we only care about
equality. This patch adds an Equal() method that defaults to using the
Compare() method.

Test Plan: make clean all check

Reviewers: rven, anthony, yhchiang, igor, sdong

Reviewed By: igor

Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D46233
2015-09-08 15:30:49 -07:00
Andres Notzli
b722007778 Fix listener_test when using ROCKSDB_MALLOC_USABLE_SIZE
Summary:
Flushes in listener_test happened to early when ROCKSDB_MALLOC_USABLE_SIZE was
active (e.g. when compiling with ROCKSDB_FBCODE_BUILD_WITH_481=1) due to
malloc_usable_size() reporting a better estimate (similar to
https://reviews.facebook.net/D43317 ). This patch grows the write buffer size
slightly to compensate for this.

Test Plan: ROCKSDB_FBCODE_BUILD_WITH_481=1 make listener_test && ./listener_test

Reviewers: rven, anthony, yhchiang, igor, sdong

Reviewed By: igor

Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D45921
2015-08-31 23:11:12 -07:00
Andres Notzli
f32a572099 Simplify querying of merge results
Summary:
While working on supporting mixing merge operators with
single deletes ( https://reviews.facebook.net/D43179 ),
I realized that returning and dealing with merge results
can be made simpler. Submitting this as a separate diff
because it is not directly related to single deletes.

Before, callers of merge helper had to retrieve the merge
result in one of two ways depending on whether the merge
was successful or not (success = result of merge was single
kTypeValue). For successful merges, the caller could query
the resulting key/value pair and for unsuccessful merges,
the result could be retrieved in the form of two deques of
keys and values. However, with single deletes, a successful merge
does not return a single key/value pair (if merge
operands are merged with a single delete, we have to generate
a value and keep the original single delete around to make
sure that we are not accidentially producing a key overwrite).
In addition, the two existing call sites of the merge
helper were taking the same actions independently from whether
the merge was successful or not, so this patch simplifies that.

Test Plan: make clean all check

Reviewers: rven, sdong, yhchiang, anthony, igor

Reviewed By: igor

Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D43353
2015-08-17 17:34:38 -07:00
sdong
40f562e747 Allow GetApproximateSize() to include mem table size if it is skip list memtable
Summary:
Add an option in GetApproximateSize() so that the result will include estimated sizes in mem tables.
To implement it, implement an estimated count from the beginning to a key in skip list. The approach is to count to find the entry, how many Next() is issued from each level, and sum them with a weight that is <branching factor> ^ <level>.

Test Plan: Add a test case

Subscribers: leveldb, dhruba

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D40119
2015-06-16 18:13:23 -07:00
agiardullo
dc9d70de65 Optimistic Transactions
Summary: Optimistic transactions supporting begin/commit/rollback semantics.  Currently relies on checking the memtable to determine if there are any collisions at commit time.  Not yet implemented would be a way of enuring the memtable has some minimum amount of history so that we won't fail to commit when the memtable is empty.  You should probably start with transaction.h to get an overview of what is currently supported.

Test Plan: Added a new test, but still need to look into stress testing.

Reviewers: yhchiang, igor, rven, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: adamretter, MarkCallaghan, leveldb, dhruba

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D33435
2015-05-29 14:36:35 -07:00
Anurag Indu
3d1a924ff3 Adding stats for the merge and filter operation
Summary:
We have addded new stats and perf_context for measuring the merge and filter operation time consumption.
We have bounded all the merge operations within the GUARD statment and collected the total time for these operations in the DB.

Test Plan: WIP

Reviewers: rven, yhchiang, kradhakrishnan, igor, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: dhruba

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D34377
2015-03-24 14:42:04 -07:00
sdong
0831a35994 Add a DB Property For Number of Deletions in Memtables
Summary: Add a DB property for number of deletions in memtables. It can sometimes help people debug slowness because of too many deletes.

Test Plan: Add test cases.

Reviewers: rven, yhchiang, kradhakrishnan, igor

Reviewed By: igor

Subscribers: leveldb, dhruba, yoshinorim

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D35247
2015-03-18 17:03:59 -07:00
Igor Canadi
3cf7f353d9 Instrument memtable seeks
Summary: As title

Test Plan: compiles

Reviewers: sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D34191
2015-02-27 17:06:06 -08:00
Igor Sugak
62247ffa3b rocksdb: Add missing override
Summary:
When using latest clang (3.6 or 3.7/trunck) rocksdb is failing with many errors. Almost all of them are missing override errors. This diff adds missing override keyword. No manual changes.

Prerequisites: bear and clang 3.5 build with extra tools

```lang=bash
% USE_CLANG=1 bear make all # generate a compilation database http://clang.llvm.org/docs/JSONCompilationDatabase.html
% clang-modernize -p . -include . -add-override
% make format
```

Test Plan:
Make sure all tests are passing.
```lang=bash
% #Use default fb code clang.
% make check
```
Verify less error and no missing override errors.
```lang=bash
% # Have trunk clang present in path.
% ROCKSDB_NO_FBCODE=1 CC=clang CXX=clang++ make
```

Reviewers: igor, kradhakrishnan, rven, meyering, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: dhruba, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D34077
2015-02-26 11:28:41 -08:00
Jonah Cohen
a14b7873ee Enforce write buffer memory limit across column families
Summary:
Introduces a new class for managing write buffer memory across column
families.  We supplement ColumnFamilyOptions::write_buffer_size with
ColumnFamilyOptions::write_buffer, a shared pointer to a WriteBuffer
instance that enforces memory limits before flushing out to disk.

Test Plan: Added SharedWriteBuffer unit test to db_test.cc

Reviewers: sdong, rven, ljin, igor

Reviewed By: igor

Subscribers: tnovak, yhchiang, dhruba, xjin, MarkCallaghan, yoshinorim

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D22581
2014-12-02 12:09:20 -08:00
Igor Canadi
767777c2bd Turn on -Wshorten-64-to-32 and fix all the errors
Summary:
We need to turn on -Wshorten-64-to-32 for mobile. See D1671432 (internal phabricator) for details.

This diff turns on the warning flag and fixes all the errors. There were also some interesting errors that I might call bugs, especially in plain table. Going forward, I think it makes sense to have this flag turned on and be very very careful when converting 64-bit to 32-bit variables.

Test Plan: compiles

Reviewers: ljin, rven, yhchiang, sdong

Reviewed By: yhchiang

Subscribers: bobbaldwin, dhruba, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D28689
2014-11-11 16:47:22 -05:00
Lei Jin
f1841985e4 dynamic inplace_update options
Summary:
Make inplace_update_support and inplace_update_num_locks dynamic.
inplace_callback becomes immutable
We are almost free of references to cfd->options() in db_impl

Test Plan: unit test

Reviewers: igor, yhchiang, rven, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D25293
2014-10-27 12:10:13 -07:00
Danny Al-Gaaf
8ee75dca2e db/memtable.cc: remove unused variable merge_result
Signed-off-by: Danny Al-Gaaf <danny.al-gaaf@bisect.de>
2014-09-30 23:30:33 +02:00
Lei Jin
a062e1f2c4 SetOptions() for memtable related options
Summary: as title

Test Plan:
make all check
I will think a way to set up stress test for this

Reviewers: sdong, yhchiang, igor

Reviewed By: igor

Subscribers: leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D23055
2014-09-17 12:49:13 -07:00
Igor Canadi
3d9e6f7759 Push model for flushing memtables
Summary:
When memtable is full it calls the registered callback. That callback then registers column family as needing the flush. Every write checks if there are some column families that need to be flushed. This completely eliminates the need for MakeRoomForWrite() function and simplifies our Write code-path.

There is some complexity with the concurrency when the column family is dropped. I made it a bit less complex by dropping the column family from the write thread in https://reviews.facebook.net/D22965. Let me know if you want to discuss this.

Test Plan: make check works. I'll also run db_stress with creating and dropping column families for a while.

Reviewers: yhchiang, sdong, ljin

Reviewed By: ljin

Subscribers: leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D23067
2014-09-10 18:46:09 -07:00
sdong
06d986252a Always pass MergeContext as pointer, not reference
Summary: To follow the coding convention and make sure when passing reference as a parameter it is also const, pass MergeContext as a pointer to mem tables.

Test Plan: make all check

Reviewers: ljin, igor

Reviewed By: igor

Subscribers: leveldb, dhruba, yhchiang

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D23085
2014-09-09 11:37:32 -07:00
Lei Jin
52311463e9 MemTableOptions
Summary: removed reference to options in WriteBatch and DBImpl::Get()

Test Plan: make all check

Reviewers: yhchiang, igor, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D23049
2014-09-08 18:46:52 -07:00
sdong
011241bb99 DB::Flush() Do not wait for background threads when there is nothing in mem table
Summary:
When we have multiple column families, users can issue Flush() on every column families to make sure everything is flushes, even if some of them might be empty. By skipping the waiting for empty cases, it can be greatly speed up.

Still wait for people's comments before writing unit tests for it.

Test Plan: Will write a unit test to make sure it is correct.

Reviewers: ljin, yhchiang, igor

Reviewed By: igor

Subscribers: leveldb, dhruba

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D22953
2014-09-08 13:40:42 -07:00
Stanislau Hlebik
45a5e3ede0 Remove path with arena==nullptr from NewInternalIterator
Summary:
Simply code by removing code path which does not use Arena
from NewInternalIterator

Test Plan:
make all check
make valgrind_check

Reviewers: sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D22395
2014-09-04 17:40:41 -07:00
Torrie Fischer
6614a48418 Refactor PerfStepTimer to stop on destruct
This eliminates the need to remember to call PERF_TIMER_STOP when a section has
been timed. This allows more useful design with the perf timers and enables
possible return value optimizations. Simplistic example:

class Foo {
  public:
    Foo(int v) : m_v(v);
  private:
    int m_v;
}

Foo makeFrobbedFoo(int *errno)
{
  *errno = 0;
  return Foo();
}

Foo bar(int *errno)
{
  PERF_TIMER_GUARD(some_timer);

  return makeFrobbedFoo(errno);
}

int main(int argc, char[] argv)
{
  Foo f;
  int errno;

  f = bar(&errno);

  if (errno)
    return -1;
  return 0;
}

After bar() is called, perf_context.some_timer would be incremented as if
Stop(&perf_context.some_timer) was called at the end, and the compiler is still
able to produce optimizations on the return value from makeFrobbedFoo() through
to main().
2014-09-02 12:04:22 -07:00
Radheshyam Balasundaram
b6fd7811eb Don't do memtable lookup in db_impl_readonly if memtables are empty while opening db.
Summary: In DBImpl::Recover method, while loading memtables, also check if memtables are empty. Use this in DBImplReadonly to determine whether to lookup memtable or not.

Test Plan:
db_test
make check all

Reviewers: sdong, yhchiang, ljin, igor

Reviewed By: ljin

Subscribers: leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D22281
2014-08-26 17:19:03 -07:00
Lei Jin
23861857c4 ReadOptions.total_order_seek to allow total order seek for block-based table when hash index is enabled
Summary: as title

Test Plan: table_test

Reviewers: igor, yhchiang, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D22239
2014-08-25 16:14:30 -07:00
Yueh-Hsuan Chiang
e9269e6ece Fixed a typo in the comment for merge operator.
Summary:
Fixed a typo in the comment for merge operator.

Test Plan:
n/a
2014-07-30 17:25:11 -07:00
Yueh-Hsuan Chiang
49ee5a4ac4 Fixed the crash when merge_operator is not properly set after reopen.
Summary:
Fixed the crash when merge_operator is not properly set after reopen
and added two test cases for this.

Test Plan:
make merge_test
./merge_test

Reviewers: igor, ljin, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: benj, mvikjord, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D20793
2014-07-30 17:24:36 -07:00
Feng Zhu
5656367416 use arena to allocate memtable's bloomfilter and hashskiplist's buckets_
Summary:
    Bloomfilter and hashskiplist's buckets_ allocated by memtable's arena
    DynamicBloom: pass arena via constructor, allocate space in SetTotalBits
    HashSkipListRep: allocate space of buckets_ using arena.
       do not delete it in deconstructor because arena would take care of it.
    Several test files are changed.

Test Plan:
    make all check

Reviewers: ljin, haobo, yhchiang, sdong

Reviewed By: sdong

Subscribers: igor, dhruba

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D19335
2014-06-30 15:54:31 -07:00
sdong
19de6a7aad Remove MemTableRep::GetIterator(const Slice& slice)
Summary: It seems to me that when ever function MemTableRep::GetIterator(const Slice& slice) is used, we can use MemTableRep::GetDynamicPrefixIterator() instead. Just delete it to simplify the codes.

Test Plan: make all check

Reviewers: yhchiang, ljin

Reviewed By: ljin

Subscribers: xjin, dhruba, haobo, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D19281
2014-06-25 14:09:29 -07:00
Bradley Grainger
2d02ec6533 Add separate Read/WriteUnlock methods in MutexRW.
Some platforms, particularly Windows, do not have a single method that can
release both a held reader lock and a held writer lock; instead, a
separate method (ReleaseSRWLockShared or ReleaseSRWLockExclusive) must be
called in each case.

This may also be necessary to back MutexRW with a shared_mutex in C++14;
the current language proposal includes both an unlock() and a
shared_unlock() method.
2014-06-16 15:41:46 -07:00
sdong
df9069d23f In DB::NewIterator(), try to allocate the whole iterator tree in an arena
Summary:
In this patch, try to allocate the whole iterator tree starting from DBIter from an arena
1. ArenaWrappedDBIter is created when serves as the entry point of an iterator tree, with an arena in it.
2. Add an option to create iterator from arena for following iterators: DBIter, MergingIterator, MemtableIterator, all mem table's iterators, all table reader's iterators and two level iterator.
3. MergeIteratorBuilder is created to incrementally build the tree of internal iterators. It is passed to mem table list and version set and add iterators to it.

Limitations:
(1) Only DB::NewIterator() without tailing uses the arena. Other cases, including readonly DB and compactions are still from malloc
(2) Two level iterator itself is allocated in arena, but not iterators inside it.

Test Plan: make all check

Reviewers: ljin, haobo

Reviewed By: haobo

Subscribers: leveldb, dhruba, yhchiang, igor

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D18513
2014-06-02 17:44:57 -07:00
sdong
3a171dcb51 Pass logger to memtable rep and TLB page allocation error logged to info logs
Summary:
TLB page allocation errors are now logged to info logs, instead of stderr.
In order to do that, mem table rep's factory functions take a info logger now.

Test Plan: make all check

Reviewers: haobo, igor, yhchiang

Reviewed By: yhchiang

CC: leveldb, yhchiang, dhruba

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D18471
2014-05-05 16:43:37 -07:00
sdong
4a7c747064 Revert "Revert "Allow allocating dynamic bloom, plain table indexes and hash linked list from huge page TLB""
And make the default 0 for hash linked list memtable

This reverts commit d69dc64be7.
2014-05-04 13:56:29 -07:00
Igor Canadi
d69dc64be7 Revert "Allow allocating dynamic bloom, plain table indexes and hash linked list from huge page TLB"
This reverts commit 7dafa3a1d7.
2014-05-04 08:37:09 -07:00